高一英语阅读理解有答案.docx

高一英语阅读理解有答案.docx

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高一英语阅读理解有答案

 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

  阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Earlyonemorning,morethanahundredyearsago,anAmericaninventorcalledEliasHowefinallyfellasleep.Hehadbeenworkingallnightonthedesignofasewingmachinebuthehadrunintoaverydifficultproblem:

Itseemedimpossibletogetthethreadtorunsmoothlyaroundtheneedle.

Thoughhewastired,Howesleptbadly.Heturnedandturned.Thenhehadadream.Hedreamtthathehadbeencaughtbyterriblesavageswhosekingwantedtokillhimandeathimunlesshecouldbuildaperfectsewingmachine.Whenhetriedtodoso,Howeranintothesameproblemasbefore.Thethreadkeptgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle.ThekingflewintothecageandorderedhissoldierstokillHowe.Theycameuptowardshimwiththeirspearsraised.Butsuddenlytheinventornoticedsomething.Therewasaholeinthetipofeachspear.Theinventorawokefromthedream,realizingthathehadjustfoundtheanswertotheproblem.Insteadoftryingtogetthethreadtorunaroundtheneedle,heshouldmakeitrunthroughasmallholeinthecenteroftheneedle.ThiswasthesimpleideathatfinallymadeHowedesignandbuildthefirstreallypractisedsewingmachine.

EliasHowewasnottheonlyoneinfindingtheanswertohisprobleminthisway.

ThomasEdison,theinventoroftheelectriclight,saidhisbestideascameintohimindreams.SodidthegreatphysicistAlbertEinstein.CharlotteBrontealsodrewinherdreamsinwritingJaneEyre.

Toknowthevalueofdreams,youhavetounderstandwhathappenswhenyouareasleep.Eventhen,apartofyourmindisstillworking.Thisunconscious（无意识的）,butstillactivepartunderstandsyourexperiencesandgoestoworkontheproblemsyouhavehadduringtheday.Itstoresallsortsofinformationthatyoumayhaveforgottenorneverhavereallynoticed.Itisonlywhenyoufallasleepthatthispartofthebraincansendmessagestothepartyouusewhenyouareawake.However,theunconsciouspartactsinaspecialway.Itusesstrangeimageswhichtheconsciouspartmaynotunderstandatfirst.Thisiswhydreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestoourselves”.

1..Accordingtothepassage,EliasHowewas________.

A.thefirstpersonweknowofwhosolvedproblemsinhissleep

B.muchmorehard-workingthanotherinventors

C.thefirstpersontodesignasewingmachinethatreallyworked

D.theonlypersonatthetimewhoknewthevalueofdreams

2.TheproblemHowewastryingtosolvewas________.

A.whatkindofthreadtouse

B.howtodesignaneedlewhichwouldnotbreak

C.wheretoputtheneedle

D.howtopreventthethreadfromgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle

3.ThomasEdisonisspokenofbecause________.

A.healsotriedtoinventasewingmachine

B.hegotsomeofhisideasfromdreams

C.hewasoneofHowe’sbestfriends

D.healsohaddifficultyinfallingasleep

4.Dreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestoourselves”because________.

A.strangeimagesareusedtocommunicateideas

B.imageswhichhavenomeaningareused

C.wecanneverunderstandtherealmeaning

D.onlyspeciallytrainedpeoplecanunderstandthem

B

Languagelearningbeginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill“obey”spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword“obey”ishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandbymakingquestioningnoises.

Anyattempttostudythedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabiesmaketotheirfirstspokenwordsleadstoconsiderabledifficulties.Itisagreedthattheyenjoymakingnoises,andthatduringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisessortthemselvesasparticularlyexpressiveasdelight,pain,friendliness,andsoon.Butsincethesecan’tbesaidtoshowthebaby’sintentiontocommunicate,theycanhardlyberegardedasearlyformsoflanguage.Itisagreed,too,thatfromaboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyment,andthatbysixmonthstheyareabletoaddnewwordstotheirstore.Thisself-imitation（模仿）leadsontodeliberate（有意的）imitationofsoundsmadeorwordsspokentothembyotherpeople.Theproblemthenarisesastothepointatwhichonecansaythattheseimitationscanbeconsideredasspeech.

Itisaproblemweneedtogetoutteethinto.Themeaningofaworddependsonwhataparticularpersonmeansbyitinaparticularsituationanditisclearthatwhatachildmeansbyawordwillchangeashegainsmoreexperienceoftheworld.Thustheuseatsevenmonthsof“mama”asagreetingforhismothercannotbedismissedasameaninglesssoundsimplybecausehealsousesitatothertimesforhisfather,hisdog,oranythingelsehelikes.Playfulandmeaninglessimitationofwhatotherpeoplesaycontinuesafterthechildhasbeguntospeakforhimself,Idoubt,howeverwhetheranythingisgainedwhenparentstakeadvantageofthisabilityinanattempttoteachnewsounds.

5.Beforechildrenstartspeaking________.

A.theyneedequalamountoflistening

B.theyneeddifferentamountsoflistening

C.theyarealleagertocooperatewiththeadultsbyobeyingspokeninstructions

D.theycan’tunderstandandobeytheadult’soralinstructions

6.Childrenwhostartspeakinglate________.

A.mayhaveproblemswiththeirlistening

B.probablydonothearenoughlanguagespokenaroundthem

C.usuallypaycloseattentiontowhattheyhear

D.oftentakealongtimeinlearningtolistenproperly

7.Ababy’sfirstnoisesare________.

A.anexpressionofhismoodsandfeelings　　

B.anearlyformoflanguage

C.asignthathemeanstotellyousomething　　

D.animitationofthespeechofadults

8.Theproblemofdecidingatwhatpointababy’simitationscanbeconsideredasspeech________.

A.isimportantbecausewordshavedifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeople

B.isnotespeciallyimportantbecausethechangeovertakesplacegradually

C.isonethatshouldbeproperlyunderstoodbecausethemeaningofwordschangeswithage

D.isonethatshouldbecompletelyignored（忽略）becausechildren’suseofwordsisoftenmeaningless

9.Thespeakerimplies________.

A.parentscanneverhopetoteachtheirchildrennewsounds

B.childrennolongerimitatepeopleaftertheybegintospeak

C.childrenwhoaregoodatimitatinglearnnewwordsmorequickly

D.evenaftertheyhavelearnttospeak,childrenstillenjoyimitating

C

Thegreatestrecentchangeshavebeeninthelivesofwomen.Duringthetwentiethcenturytherewasanunusualshorteningofthetimeofawoman’slifespentincaringforchildren.Awomanmarryingattheendofthe19thcenturywouldprobablyhavebeeninhermiddletwenties,andwouldbelikelytohavesevenoreightchildren,ofwhomfourorfivelivedtilltheywerefiveyearsold.Bythetimetheyoungestwasfifteen,themotherwouldhavebeeninherearlyfiftiesandwouldexpecttoliveafurthertwentyyears,duringwhichcustom,chanceandhealthmadeitunusualforhertogetpaidwork.Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren.Usuallyawoman’syoungestchildwillbefifteenwhensheisforty-fiveandislikelytotakepaidworkuntilretirementatsixty.Evenwhileshehasthecareofchildren,herworkislightenedbyhouseholdappliances（家用电器）andconveniencefoods.

Thisimportantchangeinwomen’swayoflifehasonlyrecentlybeguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomen’seconomicposition.Evenafewyearsagomostgirlsleftschoolatthefirstopportunityandmostofthemtookafull-timejob.However,whentheymarried,theyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturnedtoit.Todaytheschool-leavingageissixteen,manygirlsstayatschoolafterthatage,andthoughwomentendtomarryyounger,moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn.Manymoreafterwads,returntofullorpart-timework.Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withbothhusbandandwifeacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesandsatisfactionoffamilylife,andwithbothhusbandandwifesharingmoreequallyinprovidingthemoneyandrunningthehome,accordingtotheabilitiesandinterestofeachofthem.

10.Wearetoldthatinanaveragefamilyabout1990________.

A.manychildrendiedbeforetheywerefive

B.theyoungestchildwouldbefifteen

C.sevenofeightchildrenlivedtobemorethanfive

D.fourorfivechildrendiedwhentheywerefive

11.Whenshewasoverfifty,thelate19thcenturymother________.

A.wouldexpecttoworkuntilshedied

B.wasusuallyexpectedtotakeuppaidemployment

C.wouldbehealthyenoughtotakeuppaidemployment

D.wasunlikelytofindajobevenifsheisnowlikely

12.Manygirls,thepassagesays,arenowlikelyto________.

A.marrysothattheycangetajob

B.leaveschoolassoonastheycan

C.giveuptheirjobsforgoodaftertheyaremarried

D.continueworkinguntiltheyaregoingtohaveababy

13.Accordingtothepassage,itisnowquiteusualforwomento________.

A.stayathomeafterleavingschool

B.marrymenyoungerthanthemselves

C.startworkingagainlaterinlife

D.marrywhilestillatschool

D

Anymistakemadeintheprintingofastampraisesitsvaluetostampcollectors.Amistakeononeinexpensivepostagestamphasmadethestampworthamillionandahalftimesitsoriginalvalue.

ThemistakewasmademorethanahundredyearsagointheBritishcolonyofMauritius,asmallislandintheIndianOcean.In1847anorderforstampswassenttoaLondonprinter-Mauritiuswastobecomethefourthcountryintheworldtoissuestamps.

Beforetheorderwas