高三英语上学期第一次月考试题8.docx
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高三英语上学期第一次月考试题8
2014级高三英语上学期第一次月考试题
本试卷共11页,满分为135分,考试时间120分钟
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Robotsmakemenervous—especiallytheoneswhichseemtothinkforthemselves.IwasembarrassedtoadmitthistillIheardthatBillGates,thefounderofMicrosoft,feltthesameway.
GatessaidinaninterviewwiththesocialnetworkingandnewswebsiteReddit:
“Iaminthecampthatisconcernedaboutsuperintelligence.Firstthemachineswilldoalotofjobsforusandnotbesuperintelligent.Thatshouldbepositiveifwemanagewell.Afewdecadesafterthatthoughtheintelligenceisstrongenoughtobeaconcern.”
Well,maybeIdon’thavetoworryaboutmycomputerandkitchenequipmentyet.AfterIusethemIcanalwayspulltheplug.Butinthefuture,machinesmightfindawaytopreventusfromswitchingthemoff.There’saterriblethought!
Maybetheproblemwithcomputerstoocleverforusisnotthattheyareevillikesomewe’veseeninsci-fimovies.Whatcouldputusindangeristhattheymightbetooefficient.That’swhatphilosopherNickBostromfromOxfordUniversitybelieves.Hesaysthatmachinesareindifferenttohumansandinpursuitoftheirowngoals,thedestructionofpeoplemightbejustadditionaldamage.Bostromgivesusanexample:
Amachinewhichmighthaveasitsonlygoaltoproduceasmanypaperclipsaspossiblemightlookathumanbodiesasextramaterialforpaperclipsandgoafteryou.Becauseitis,well,amachine,itwouldnottakepityonyou.
It’sagoodthingthatAmericanwriterIsaacAsimovthoughtabouthowfarrobotscangoandleftushisthreerulesofrobotics.Theystatethatarobotmaynothurtahumanbeingorallowthehumanbeingtocometoharm.
I’mgladmymachinesathomeare“dumb”.Allmycleanerwantstotakeoveristhecarpetinmylivingroom.Let’shopetheydon’tcreateanappliancewhichwantstotakeovertheworld!
1.TheauthorquotedBillGates’wordsinParagraph2inordertomakethetext____________.
A.better-knownB.morepersuasiveC.better-organizedD.mor
einteresting
2.Anintelligentpaperclipmachinewouldharmusbecause_____________.
A.itismuchclevererthanusB.itwouldtakeovertheworld
C.itwouldseeusjustasmaterialD.ithasthestrongfeelingofdestroyingus
3.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutIsaacAsimov’srulesofrobotics?
A.Optimistic.B.Sympathy.C.Disappointed.D.Regretful.
B
Weknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?
Whataboutthepeoplewho
inventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper(雨刮器)?
Shouldn’tweknowwhotheyare?
JoanMcleanthinkso.Infact,Mclean,aprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRange,feelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe’sdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning“who”invented“what”,however,Mcleanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe“why”and“how”questions.AccordingtoMclean,“Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions,theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.”
Herstudentsagree.OneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrellaiswalkingproofofMclean’statement.“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper’sinvention,”saidTommyLee,aseniorphysicsmajor,“Ineverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”Leeiscurrentlynegociatingtosellhispatenttoanumbrellaproducer.
So,justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?
Well,MaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.Thedaywascoldandstormy,
butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights,soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewindshield,shefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn’tbeabuilt-indeviceforcleaningt
hewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirmingham,Alabama,Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideas,alever(操作杆)ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrolanarmontheoutside,becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.
Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It’shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan’strafficlight.It’sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett’sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisible.Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?
4.Bymentioning“trafficlight”and“windshieldwiper”,t
heaut
horindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare_____________.
A.beneficial,becausetheirinventorsarefamous
B.beneficial,thoughtheirinventorsarelessfamous
C.notuseful,becausetheirinventorsarelessfamous
D.notuseful,thoughtheirinventorsarefamous
5.ProfessorJoanMclean’scourseaimsto_____________.
A.addcolourandvarietytostudents’campuslife
B.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper’sinvention
C.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversity
D.preparestudentstotrytheirowninvention
6.TommyLee’sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas_____________.
A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducer
B.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiper
C.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstorm
D.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean’slectures
7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?
A.HowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?
B.HowtoDesignaBuilt-inDeviceforCleaningtheWindow?
C.Shouldn’tWeKnowWhoInventedtheWindshieldWiper?
D.Shouldn’tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?
C
Septemberisanexcitingmonthineverycollegefreshman’slife.Formany,it’sthefirsttimethatthey’velefthometoliveinanewenvironment.Butafterthehustleandbustle(喧嚣)ofafewweeks,excitementgiveswaytoalessenjoyableemotion—homesickness.
Homesicknessmanifests(显露)itselfinmanyways.Youmaymissmum’scooking,yourpets,orevenyouroldbed.Allthisbecomesafondmemoryofthepast.Homesicknesscanbeabitterfeelingformanystudents,especiallywhenfacedwiththechallengesofsettlingintoanunfamiliarenvironment.
Butremember,you’renotalone.AccordingtoarecentBBCarticle,70percentofBritishcollegestudentsexperiencehomesickness.Inthisincreasinglyglobalizedworldinwhichpeoplemigratetofarawayplacesforarelationship,educationorwork,homesicknessisafeelingsharedbymanyadults.
Homesicknesscanhavesimilarsymptomstodepressionandinextr
emecas
esitcandevelopintoapanicattack.Asfortheterm,homesicknessornostalgiawasn’tinventeduntilthe17thcentury.ItwasconsideredadisorderbyaSwissphysician,whoattributedsoldiers’mentalandphysicaldiscomforttotheirlongingtoreturnhome,“nostos”fromGreek,andtheaccompany
ingpain,“algos”.
Studiesinrecentyears,however,haveshownthatnostalgiamayhavesomebenefitstoourmentalhealth.Afteradecadeofsurveysandresearches,ConstantineSedikides,aUSsocialpsychologist,foundthatnostalgiaiswhatmakesushuman.Heexplainsthatnostalgiacanresistloneliness,boredomandanxiety.Therefore,it’snecessaryforcollegestudentstolearnsomewaystoovercometheuncomfortablefeeling.
8.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,wecaninferthat_____________.
A.homesicknessmeansafondmemoryofthepast
B.onlyafewstudentswillexperiencehomesickness
C.homesicknessisanenjoyableemotionamongfreshmen
D.collegefreshmenusuallysufferfromhomesicknessafterweeks
9.Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat_____________.
A.homesicknessmaycausementaldiseases
B.homesicknessisafeelingonlysharedbyadults
C.homesicknesswon’tdoanygoodtoourhealth
D.homesicknessisalsocallednostalgiainSwitzerland
10.TheattitudeofSedikidestowardshomesicknessis_____________.
A.negativeB.supportiveC.doubtfulD.critical
11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Let’saccepthomesicknessB.Howtofitinwi
ththecollegelife
C.Aharmfulemotion—homesicknessD.Thedisadvantagesofhomesickness
D
Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinalmostthesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesasformaltexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythan
readitoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.
Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimormakinghimsadthinking.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftensorryforcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,somecasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedan
dmastered.
Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.donotexist;andthat,insteadofbeingfondofthestrangesideinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughttolearntherealitybystudyinghistory.Ifindsuchpeople,ImustsaysopeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthati