考研英语真题及解析.docx

考研英语真题及解析.docx

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考研英语真题及解析

考研英语真题

2013考研英语二真题及答案解析

SectionI    UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically. 1 atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen 2 fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery 3 ofmoneyitself,"onlyto 4 itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso 5 incoming?

Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork 6 thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery 7 tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe 8 formofpaymentSecond,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey 9 receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto 10 .Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays 11  acheckiscashedandfundsare 12 fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime. 13 electronicpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.

Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay 14 securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation 15 there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand 17 fromsomeoneelse'saccounts.The 18 ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto 19 securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic 20 thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.

1.[A]However    [B]Moreover      [C]Therefore           [D]Otherwise

2.[A]off                 [B]back                 [C]over                 [D]around

3.[A]power             [B]concept             [C]history               [D]role

4.[A]reward            [B]resist                [C]resume             [D]reverse

5.[A]silent               [B]sudden              [C]slow                [D]steady

6.[A]for                    [B]against               [C]with                 [D]on

7.[A]imaginative     [B]expensive         [C]sensitive      [D]productive

8.[A]similar          [B]original           [C]temporary        [D]dominant

9.[A]collect            [B]provide              [C]copy                [D]print

10.[A]giveup          [B]takeover       [C]bringback         [D]passdown

11.[A]before           [B]after              [C]since                [D]when

12.[A]kept              [B]borrowed       [C]released          [D]withdrawn

13.[A]Unless             [B]Until               [C]Because        [D]Though

14.[A]hide                 [B]express          [C]raise             [D]ease

15.[A]analyzed         [B]shared            [C]stored         [D]displayed

16.[A]unsafe           [B]unnatural         [C]uncommon       [D]unclear

17.[A]steal              [B]choose            [C]benefit            [D]return

18.[A]consideration       [B]prevention          

[C]manipulation      [D]justification

19.[A]copewith       [B]fightagainst       [C]adaptto         [D]callfor

20.[A]chunk              [B]chip                  [C]path                [D]trail

SectionII ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:

Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”

Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.

Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.

Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.

Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.

Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.

 21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______.

[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances

[B]thealleviationofjobpressure

[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills

[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes

22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______

[A]workoncheapsoftware

[B]askforamoderatesalary

[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle

[D]contributesomethingunique

23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______

[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased

[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed

[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore

[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered

24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____

 [A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution

 [B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople

 [C]toadvanceeconomicglobalization

 [D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

 [A]NewLawTakesEffect

 [B]TechnologyGoesCheap

 [C]AverageIsOver

 [D]RecessionIsBad

Text2

Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.

Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:

legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

 Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.

 Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.

 Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.

26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho____.

[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic

[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood

[C]stayinaforeigntemporarily

[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas

27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUS____.

[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories

[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants

[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges

[D]hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans

28Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassag