1、考研英语真题及解析考研英语真题2013考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society
2、in which all payments are made electronically.1a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon revolutionize the very3o
3、f money itself, only to4itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up t
4、he computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of float - it ta
5、kes several days11a check is cashed and funds are12from the issuers account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and pri
6、vacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from s
7、omeone elses accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that gove
8、rnment, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. A However B MoreoverC Therefore D Otherwise2. A off B back C over D around3. A power B concept C history D role4. A reward B resist C resume D reverse5. A silent B sudden C slow D steady6. A for B a
9、gainst Cwith D on7. A imaginative B expensiveC sensitive D productive8. A similar B original C temporary D dominant9. A collect B provide C copy D print10. A give up B take overC bring backD pass down11. A before B after C since D when12. A kept B borrowed C released D withdrawn13. A Unless B Until
10、C BecauseD Though14. A hide B express C raise Dease15. A analyzed B shared C stored D displayed16. A unsafe B unnatural C uncommon D unclear17. A steal B choose C benefit D return18. A consideration B preventionC manipulation D justification19. A cope with B fight against C adapt to D call for20. A
11、chunk B chip C path D trailSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates
12、 a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared
13、making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the
14、 past, workers with average skills, doing an average job,could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just wont earn you what it used to. It cant when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap ro
15、botics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But theres been an accelerati
16、on. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new
17、 services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to
18、support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_.A the impact of technological advancesB the alleviation of job
19、pressureC the shrinkage of textile millsD the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_A work on cheap softwareB ask for a moderate salaryC adopt an average lifestyleD contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains tha
20、t _A gains of technology have been erasedB job opportunities are disappearing at a high speedC factories are making much less money than beforeD new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_A to accelerate the I.T. revolutionB to e
21、nsure more education for peopleC to advance economic globalizationD to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes EffectB Technology Goes CheapC Average Is OverD Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants fr
22、om across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventua
23、lly returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration
24、system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We dont need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gra
25、y areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among todays birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money an
26、d ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive
27、 for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyo
28、nd the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who_.A im
29、migrate across the AtlanticB leave their home countries for goodC stay in a foreign temporarilyDfind permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US _.A needs new immigrant categoriesB has loosened control over immigrantsC should be adopted to meet challengesD has been fixed via political means28 According to the author, todays birds of passag
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