高考英语词汇辨析.docx
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高考英语词汇辨析
高考英语词汇辨析
1.allow.
allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事.=allowdoing但不能allowtodosth.
1.Youshouldn’tallowgamesneartheclassroomforit’stoonoisy.
A.studentplayingB.toplayC.studentstoplayD.toplaying
解:
C.
2.stand.
standfor赞成;standby支持;standagainst反对;standup起立;standby旁观,standbysb.支持某人.
1.Theywillyoueventhoughyoudon’tsucceed.
A.standforB.standupC.standagainstD.standby
2.Whenthehousewasonfire,theyjust.
A.stoodinB.stoodupC.stoodforD.stoodby
3.Aspacevoyagerequiresthatallequipmentshouldextremeheatandpowerfulradiation.
A.standuptoB.standbyC.standupforD.standfor
1-3解:
DDA.
3.beupto胜任.
1.–Doyouknowwhatthechildrenare?
-Sorry,Idon’tknow,butifyoulike,youcanit.
A.upfor,seewithB.upto,seetoC.upat,seeoffD.upwith,seeto
解:
B.
4.laythefoundationof表示“奠定…的基础”.
1.Thetwoleadershavethefoundationsofaneweraincooperationbetweentheircountries.
A.laidB.liedC.lainD.set
解:
A.
5.waitfor(等候,等待);waiton(伺候,接待).
1.Sheenteredthebigshopandlookedaroundforasalesman.
A.towaitforherB.waitingforherC.towaitonherD.waitingonher
解:
C词语辨析与不定式问题.思路:
①辨析:
waitfor(等候,等待);waiton(伺候;接待),后者符合题意,②根据题意,“她环顾四周”的目的是想“找一个售货员来接待她”,因而须用一个不定式来作目的状语.
6.pretend接不定式进行时表示假装在做…
1.Theboypretendedwhenhismotherentered.
A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread
解:
选C.pretend接不定式进行时表示假装在做…,pretend只能接不定式.
7.cheat.
1.Theyoungmanhascheatedtheoldlady
A.300yuanB.at300yuanC.for300yuanD.of300yuan
解:
D动词搭配问题.说明:
cheatsb.(out)ofsth.骗取某人的某物.有类似搭配的还有:
robsb.ofsth.抢夺某人的某物.如:
Thewarrobbedhimofhiswifeandchildren.(战争夺去了他的妻子儿女)
8.byandby=soon.
1.TheyoungwomanhasstudiedinEnglandfortwoyearsandshewillcomeback.
A.byandbyB.onebyoneC.afterawhileD.longbefore
解:
A.习惯用语问题.本题句意为:
那年轻妇女在英国留学已两年,她不久就要回国了.辨析:
四个选项中,byandby=soon,beforelong(不久以后),正符合题意.其余三个是;onebyone(一个接一个地),afterawhile(过了一会儿)和longbefore(很久以前),都不合题意.
9.littlemoney;smallmoney/change.
1.I’msorry,Idon’thavemoneyon.
A.little;meB.little;myselfC.small;meD.small;myself
解:
C词语辨析问题.辨析:
①littlemoney(几乎没有什么钱),(smallmoney/change零钱);②havesth.on/about/withsb.表示“(身上带)有”,其中sb.只能用人称代词的宾格(见本题).又如:
I’msorryI’venomoneywithme.
10.sleep(睡觉),sleeplate(起床晚,睡懒觉),gotosleep=fallasleep(入睡),gotobed(上床,去睡觉).
1.Theboywassoexcitedinbedthatheatabout11pmlastnight.
A.sleptB.sleptlateC.wenttosleepD.wenttobed
解:
C词语辨析问题.本题句意为:
那男孩躺在床上,十分激动,以致大约晚11点左右才入睡.辨析:
sleep(睡觉),sleeplate(起床晚,睡懒觉),gotosleep=fallasleep(入睡),gotobed(上床,去睡觉).
11get/receivealetterinreply(见本题);get/receiveareplytoone’sletter;get/receiveananswertoone’sletter收到回信.
1.–Haveyoureceivedmy?
–Yes,Itreachedmeonlytwodaysago.
A.answerletterB.answeringletterC.replyletterD.letterinreply
解:
D习惯用语问题.说明:
“收到回信”可用下列方式表达:
get/receivealetterinreply(见本题);get/receiveareplytoone’sletter;get/receiveananswertoone’sletter等.对策:
遇到此类问题时,应特别注意中英两种语言各自独有的表达习惯,切忌“生搬硬套”的ChineseEnglish.
12.turn.
turnin=handin;turnout翻出来,原来是;byturns人轮流做;inturns排队,轮流;turnup出现;turndown拒绝;turnoff关掉,转换车道.
1.Ihavemydictionarybecausetherearetoomanynewwordsinthisarticle.
A.turnedB.toturnC.turntoD.toturnto
解:
D动词搭配问题.思路:
①根据上下文,考查点的空白处应填入“查阅(turnto);②由于句中的谓误动词是have,turnto又不可能作have的并列谓语,因而必须用非谓语动词形式toturnto.注意:
其中第一个to是不定式符号,而第二个to是介词.
2.That’shebell.Pleaseyourtestpapers.
A.turnin;inturnB.turnon;inturnsC.turnin;byturnD.turnon;byturns
解:
选A.turnin=handin,inturn轮流.
3.Thepolicetoldthesuspectedthieftohispocket.
A.turnupB.turninC.turnoutD.turndown
4.Themanagerhisrequestforadayoff.
A.turnedoffB.turneddownC.turnedawayD.turnedout
5.Don’tletyourselfbebypeoplewhotrytosellthingatthedoor.
A.turneddownB.turnedoffC.takeninD.takento
6.Thereweresixofusintheboat,sowerowed.
A.byturnB.inturnC.byturnD.inturn
7.IwantJohntotwoessayseveryweek.
A.turnoutB.turnupC.turninD.turnfor
8.Wethemotorwayatexit2.
A.turnforB.turnonC.turnoffD.turnto
3-8解:
选CBCCCC.
13.wide.
widely(副词)意为:
“广泛的”,表抽象概念,而wide作副词表具体概念,此处意为“大大的”.
[注意]wide也可作adj.
1.He’dliketosleepwiththewindowatnight.
A.openwideB.openwidelyC.wideopenD.openedwide
解:
选C.本句中形容词作介词with的宾补,widely(副词)意为:
“广泛的”,表抽象概念,而wide作副词表具体概念,此处意为“大大的”.而open为adj.,故用adv.→adj.
14.payback报复,偿还;payoff还清;payfor支付…的费用;payout付出巨款.
1.Theteacher’seffortswhenoneofhisstudentswasadmittedtoBeijingUniversitylastsummer.
A.paidbackB.paidoffC.paidforD.paidout
解:
选B.payback报复,偿还;payoff还清;payfor支付…的费用;payout付出巨款.
2.Canyoulendme$100?
AndI’llonFriday.
A.payforyouB.payoffyouC.payyoubackD.payyouout
解:
选C.payfor后接“所购之物”,意为“支付”;payoff后常接debts,意为“尝清(债务)”,后接某人时,意为“发清工资解雇(某人)”;payback意为“偿还”;payout意为“支付;还债”.
15.gainoneday快一天.
1.Asweallknow,ifweareflyingtoNewYorkfromBeijing,wewilloneday.
A.missB.winC.gainD.lose
解:
选C.gainoneday快一天.
16.end.
endupwith以…结束;endupinfailure或victory或successful.
1.ThemanwhomIthinktobeablacksheepinourvillagewilltheimprisonment.
A.endupwithB.beendedupwithC.endupinD.beendedupin
解:
选A.
17.beworriedabout,beconcernedfor.
1.Thechild’smotherwasveryforhissafetywhenhedidn’tcomebackfromschoolattheusualtime.
A.afraidB.worriedC.concernedD.careful
解:
选C.beworriedabout=beconcernedfor表示“关心”.
18.heartandsoul意为“全心全意”.
1.AsfarasIknow,hisfatheralwaysdevoteshimselfheartandtohisscientificresearch.
A.headB.soulC.footD.mind
解:
选B.heartandsoul意为“全心全意”.
19.distance.
1.Thepicturelooksmorebeautiful.
A.atdistanceB.atadistanceC.indistanceD.inthedistance
解:
选B.atadistance表示“在稍远处”.
20.before.
⑴before表示“在……的前面”,等于infrontof,二者常可通用.如:
Hesatbeforeme.=Hesatinfrontofme.他坐在我前面.
⑵before表示“直到……”,before,until两者可以互换的情况:
①如果主句谓语动词是终止性动词,只能用它们的否定式.这类动词有:
open,start,leave,arrive,finish,stop,tell等.如:
Ididn’tleavethepoorchilduntil/beforehismothercameback./Don’topenthedooruntil/beforethetrainstops.
②当主句谓语动词是持续性动词时,可用其肯定式.这类动词有:
stand,stay,wait,be,talk等.一般现在时表将来.如:
Iwillwaituntil/beforehecomestomyhelp./Ishallstayhereuntil/beforeyoucomeback.
③在肯定句中,当主句谓语动词是终止性动词时,只能用before.如:
Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.
④当主句谓语动词受表示一段时间的状语修饰时,只能用before.如:
Itwasquitesometimebeforehefoundtheelephantatall.
⑶当强调从句谓语动词来不及发生时,一般也只用before,常译为“不等……就”.如:
BeforeIcouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme./Hewentoutbeforethemeetingstarted.
⑷①beforelong的意思是“不久以后”其句中的谓语动词可用现在、过去或将来时态.如:
Ihopetoseeyoubeforelong希望不久以后能见到你.
②longbefore的意思是“好久以前”其句中的谓语动词用过去时态或完成时态.如:
Thathappenedlongbefore.(=Itwaslongbeforethathappened)那是很久以前发生的事.
⑸Itwasn’tlongbefore…是个常用句型,意为“不久”.如:
Itwasnotlongbeforewegotthere.不久,我们到达那儿.
1.ItwaseveningwereachedthelittletownofWinchester.
A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before
解:
选D.
2.Itfiveyearsbeforeweagain,let’skeepintouchbywritingletters.
A.willbe;meetB.is;meetC.willbe;willmeetD.was;metwith
解:
选A.
3.willbeyearswemeetagain.
A.There;sinceB.There;afterC.It;thatD.It;before
解:
选D.before在时间上可表某时间之前也可表某时间之后.
1.possession.
1.–Doestheyoungmanstandingtherethecompany?
-No.Thecompanyishisfather.
A.inpossessionof;inthepossessionofB.havepossessionof;inthepossessionof
C.takepossessionof;inpossessionofD.havepossessionof;inpossessionof
解:
选B.take/havepossessionofsth占有某物;beinthepossessionofsb.某物在某人的控制之下.
2.geton.
1.IwonderhowMrSmithhasbeeninhospital.
A.gettingoffB.gettingacrossC.gettingonD.gettingthrough
解:
选C.geton此处表示“某事进展/某人恢复得怎样”.
3.part与divide.
divide划分,分割.part分手,分开.
1.Thepolicetheangrycouplefightinginthestreet.
A.dividedB.decidedC.partedD.advised
解:
选C.四个选项均为及物动词:
divide划分,分割,deicide决定;part分手,分开;advise劝告.本句意为:
“警察把在街上生气打架的一对夫妻分开.”
4.care.
careabout关心,看重;carefor关怀,照顾;careof由...转交.
1.Althoughheisrich,hedoesn’thisclothes.
A.careforB.careaboutC.careofD.carewith
解:
选B.careabout在此意为“关心,看重”,符合题意,无carewith.
5.manage与try.
managetodosth.表示成功地做了某事,manage后一般接动词不定式,不用-ing形式,trytodo表示“努力做某事”,但不一定成功
1.Hehistemper,butfailed.
A.managedtocontrolB.triedtocontrol
C.tiredcontrollingD.managedcontrolling
解:
选B.managetodosth.表示成功地做了某事,manage后一般接动词不定式,不用-ing形式,trytodo表示“努力做某事”,但不一定成功,trydoingsth.表示“试着做某事”,也不定成功.
6.thecauseof…=reasonfor…表示“…的理由”.
1.Carelessnessisoftentheoffire.
A.reasonB.causeC.excuseD.case
解:
选B.用thecauseof…或reasonfor…表示“…的理由”.
7.join,gather.
1.pleasethesesentencestogethertoformanarticle.
A.gatherB.includeC.joinD.collect
解:
选C.join…together“把…连在一起”,gather指“将分散的东西收集起来”,collect“聚集,收藏”,include“包括”.
8.bring.
bringup养大,bringout拿出来,bringdown下跌,bringin引进.
1.Theteacheraskedastosomepaperandhavedictation.
A.bringupB.bringoutC.bringdownD.bringin
解:
选B.bringup养大,bringout拿出来,bringdown下跌,bringin引进.
9.rise,raise,lift.
⑴raise常用作及物动词,意思有“举起、抬起;提高;提出;饲养;种植”等,作“举起,抬起”讲时,raise和lift有时可以通用.Theyraisedtheplayerintheirarms.他们把运动员抱起来.Sheraisedalotofchickens她养了许多鸡.Heraisedaquestionatthemeeting.他在会上提出一个问题.
⑵lift意思是“举起、搬起、抬起”等,有时可以和raise通用.Sheliftedthechildintoherarms.她把孩子抱了起来.Thisboxistooheavyformetolift这箱子太重,我搬不动.
⑶rise意思是“上升、升起;增长、提高;站起身;起来反对”等.作“上升”讲时,是指继续地上升,常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、水蒸气、寒暑表的水印、物价、生病时的温度、河水、潮水、人的职位等.作“起身”讲时,是getup和standup的正式用语.如: