高考英语词汇辨析.docx

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高考英语词汇辨析.docx

高考英语词汇辨析

高考英语词汇辨析

1.allow.

allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事.=allowdoing但不能allowtodosth.

1.Youshouldn’tallowgamesneartheclassroomforit’stoonoisy.

A.studentplayingB.toplayC.studentstoplayD.toplaying

解:

C.

2.stand.

standfor赞成;standby支持;standagainst反对;standup起立;standby旁观,standbysb.支持某人.

1.Theywillyoueventhoughyoudon’tsucceed.

A.standforB.standupC.standagainstD.standby

2.Whenthehousewasonfire,theyjust.

A.stoodinB.stoodupC.stoodforD.stoodby

3.Aspacevoyagerequiresthatallequipmentshouldextremeheatandpowerfulradiation.

A.standuptoB.standbyC.standupforD.standfor

1-3解:

DDA.

3.beupto胜任.

1.–Doyouknowwhatthechildrenare?

-Sorry,Idon’tknow,butifyoulike,youcanit.

A.upfor,seewithB.upto,seetoC.upat,seeoffD.upwith,seeto

解:

B.

4.laythefoundationof表示“奠定…的基础”.

1.Thetwoleadershavethefoundationsofaneweraincooperationbetweentheircountries.

A.laidB.liedC.lainD.set

解:

A.

5.waitfor(等候,等待);waiton(伺候,接待).

1.Sheenteredthebigshopandlookedaroundforasalesman.

A.towaitforherB.waitingforherC.towaitonherD.waitingonher

解:

C词语辨析与不定式问题.思路:

①辨析:

waitfor(等候,等待);waiton(伺候;接待),后者符合题意,②根据题意,“她环顾四周”的目的是想“找一个售货员来接待她”,因而须用一个不定式来作目的状语.

6.pretend接不定式进行时表示假装在做…

1.Theboypretendedwhenhismotherentered.

A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread

解:

选C.pretend接不定式进行时表示假装在做…,pretend只能接不定式.

7.cheat.

1.Theyoungmanhascheatedtheoldlady

A.300yuanB.at300yuanC.for300yuanD.of300yuan

解:

D动词搭配问题.说明:

cheatsb.(out)ofsth.骗取某人的某物.有类似搭配的还有:

robsb.ofsth.抢夺某人的某物.如:

Thewarrobbedhimofhiswifeandchildren.(战争夺去了他的妻子儿女)

8.byandby=soon.

1.TheyoungwomanhasstudiedinEnglandfortwoyearsandshewillcomeback.

A.byandbyB.onebyoneC.afterawhileD.longbefore

解:

A.习惯用语问题.本题句意为:

那年轻妇女在英国留学已两年,她不久就要回国了.辨析:

四个选项中,byandby=soon,beforelong(不久以后),正符合题意.其余三个是;onebyone(一个接一个地),afterawhile(过了一会儿)和longbefore(很久以前),都不合题意.

9.littlemoney;smallmoney/change.

1.I’msorry,Idon’thavemoneyon.

A.little;meB.little;myselfC.small;meD.small;myself

解:

C词语辨析问题.辨析:

①littlemoney(几乎没有什么钱),(smallmoney/change零钱);②havesth.on/about/withsb.表示“(身上带)有”,其中sb.只能用人称代词的宾格(见本题).又如:

I’msorryI’venomoneywithme.

10.sleep(睡觉),sleeplate(起床晚,睡懒觉),gotosleep=fallasleep(入睡),gotobed(上床,去睡觉).

1.Theboywassoexcitedinbedthatheatabout11pmlastnight.

A.sleptB.sleptlateC.wenttosleepD.wenttobed

解:

C词语辨析问题.本题句意为:

那男孩躺在床上,十分激动,以致大约晚11点左右才入睡.辨析:

sleep(睡觉),sleeplate(起床晚,睡懒觉),gotosleep=fallasleep(入睡),gotobed(上床,去睡觉).

11get/receivealetterinreply(见本题);get/receiveareplytoone’sletter;get/receiveananswertoone’sletter收到回信.

1.–Haveyoureceivedmy?

–Yes,Itreachedmeonlytwodaysago.

A.answerletterB.answeringletterC.replyletterD.letterinreply

解:

D习惯用语问题.说明:

“收到回信”可用下列方式表达:

get/receivealetterinreply(见本题);get/receiveareplytoone’sletter;get/receiveananswertoone’sletter等.对策:

遇到此类问题时,应特别注意中英两种语言各自独有的表达习惯,切忌“生搬硬套”的ChineseEnglish.

12.turn.

turnin=handin;turnout翻出来,原来是;byturns人轮流做;inturns排队,轮流;turnup出现;turndown拒绝;turnoff关掉,转换车道.

1.Ihavemydictionarybecausetherearetoomanynewwordsinthisarticle.

A.turnedB.toturnC.turntoD.toturnto

解:

D动词搭配问题.思路:

①根据上下文,考查点的空白处应填入“查阅(turnto);②由于句中的谓误动词是have,turnto又不可能作have的并列谓语,因而必须用非谓语动词形式toturnto.注意:

其中第一个to是不定式符号,而第二个to是介词.

2.That’shebell.Pleaseyourtestpapers.

A.turnin;inturnB.turnon;inturnsC.turnin;byturnD.turnon;byturns

解:

选A.turnin=handin,inturn轮流.

3.Thepolicetoldthesuspectedthieftohispocket.

A.turnupB.turninC.turnoutD.turndown

4.Themanagerhisrequestforadayoff.

A.turnedoffB.turneddownC.turnedawayD.turnedout

5.Don’tletyourselfbebypeoplewhotrytosellthingatthedoor.

A.turneddownB.turnedoffC.takeninD.takento

6.Thereweresixofusintheboat,sowerowed.

A.byturnB.inturnC.byturnD.inturn

7.IwantJohntotwoessayseveryweek.

A.turnoutB.turnupC.turninD.turnfor

8.Wethemotorwayatexit2.

A.turnforB.turnonC.turnoffD.turnto

3-8解:

选CBCCCC.

13.wide.

widely(副词)意为:

“广泛的”,表抽象概念,而wide作副词表具体概念,此处意为“大大的”.

[注意]wide也可作adj.

1.He’dliketosleepwiththewindowatnight.

A.openwideB.openwidelyC.wideopenD.openedwide

解:

选C.本句中形容词作介词with的宾补,widely(副词)意为:

“广泛的”,表抽象概念,而wide作副词表具体概念,此处意为“大大的”.而open为adj.,故用adv.→adj.

14.payback报复,偿还;payoff还清;payfor支付…的费用;payout付出巨款.

1.Theteacher’seffortswhenoneofhisstudentswasadmittedtoBeijingUniversitylastsummer.

A.paidbackB.paidoffC.paidforD.paidout

解:

选B.payback报复,偿还;payoff还清;payfor支付…的费用;payout付出巨款.

2.Canyoulendme$100?

AndI’llonFriday.

A.payforyouB.payoffyouC.payyoubackD.payyouout

解:

选C.payfor后接“所购之物”,意为“支付”;payoff后常接debts,意为“尝清(债务)”,后接某人时,意为“发清工资解雇(某人)”;payback意为“偿还”;payout意为“支付;还债”.

15.gainoneday快一天.

1.Asweallknow,ifweareflyingtoNewYorkfromBeijing,wewilloneday.

A.missB.winC.gainD.lose

解:

选C.gainoneday快一天.

16.end.

endupwith以…结束;endupinfailure或victory或successful.

1.ThemanwhomIthinktobeablacksheepinourvillagewilltheimprisonment.

A.endupwithB.beendedupwithC.endupinD.beendedupin

解:

选A.

17.beworriedabout,beconcernedfor.

1.Thechild’smotherwasveryforhissafetywhenhedidn’tcomebackfromschoolattheusualtime.

A.afraidB.worriedC.concernedD.careful

解:

选C.beworriedabout=beconcernedfor表示“关心”.

18.heartandsoul意为“全心全意”.

1.AsfarasIknow,hisfatheralwaysdevoteshimselfheartandtohisscientificresearch.

A.headB.soulC.footD.mind

解:

选B.heartandsoul意为“全心全意”.

19.distance.

1.Thepicturelooksmorebeautiful.

A.atdistanceB.atadistanceC.indistanceD.inthedistance

解:

选B.atadistance表示“在稍远处”.

20.before.

⑴before表示“在……的前面”,等于infrontof,二者常可通用.如:

Hesatbeforeme.=Hesatinfrontofme.他坐在我前面.

⑵before表示“直到……”,before,until两者可以互换的情况:

①如果主句谓语动词是终止性动词,只能用它们的否定式.这类动词有:

open,start,leave,arrive,finish,stop,tell等.如:

Ididn’tleavethepoorchilduntil/beforehismothercameback./Don’topenthedooruntil/beforethetrainstops.

②当主句谓语动词是持续性动词时,可用其肯定式.这类动词有:

stand,stay,wait,be,talk等.一般现在时表将来.如:

Iwillwaituntil/beforehecomestomyhelp./Ishallstayhereuntil/beforeyoucomeback.

③在肯定句中,当主句谓语动词是终止性动词时,只能用before.如:

Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.

④当主句谓语动词受表示一段时间的状语修饰时,只能用before.如:

Itwasquitesometimebeforehefoundtheelephantatall.

⑶当强调从句谓语动词来不及发生时,一般也只用before,常译为“不等……就”.如:

BeforeIcouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme./Hewentoutbeforethemeetingstarted.

⑷①beforelong的意思是“不久以后”其句中的谓语动词可用现在、过去或将来时态.如:

Ihopetoseeyoubeforelong希望不久以后能见到你.

②longbefore的意思是“好久以前”其句中的谓语动词用过去时态或完成时态.如:

Thathappenedlongbefore.(=Itwaslongbeforethathappened)那是很久以前发生的事.

⑸Itwasn’tlongbefore…是个常用句型,意为“不久”.如:

Itwasnotlongbeforewegotthere.不久,我们到达那儿.

1.ItwaseveningwereachedthelittletownofWinchester.

A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before

解:

选D.

2.Itfiveyearsbeforeweagain,let’skeepintouchbywritingletters.

A.willbe;meetB.is;meetC.willbe;willmeetD.was;metwith

解:

选A.

3.willbeyearswemeetagain.

A.There;sinceB.There;afterC.It;thatD.It;before

解:

选D.before在时间上可表某时间之前也可表某时间之后.

1.possession.

1.–Doestheyoungmanstandingtherethecompany?

-No.Thecompanyishisfather.

A.inpossessionof;inthepossessionofB.havepossessionof;inthepossessionof

C.takepossessionof;inpossessionofD.havepossessionof;inpossessionof

解:

选B.take/havepossessionofsth占有某物;beinthepossessionofsb.某物在某人的控制之下.

2.geton.

1.IwonderhowMrSmithhasbeeninhospital.

A.gettingoffB.gettingacrossC.gettingonD.gettingthrough

解:

选C.geton此处表示“某事进展/某人恢复得怎样”.

3.part与divide.

divide划分,分割.part分手,分开.

1.Thepolicetheangrycouplefightinginthestreet.

A.dividedB.decidedC.partedD.advised

解:

选C.四个选项均为及物动词:

divide划分,分割,deicide决定;part分手,分开;advise劝告.本句意为:

“警察把在街上生气打架的一对夫妻分开.”

4.care.

careabout关心,看重;carefor关怀,照顾;careof由...转交.

1.Althoughheisrich,hedoesn’thisclothes.

A.careforB.careaboutC.careofD.carewith

解:

选B.careabout在此意为“关心,看重”,符合题意,无carewith.

5.manage与try.

managetodosth.表示成功地做了某事,manage后一般接动词不定式,不用-ing形式,trytodo表示“努力做某事”,但不一定成功

1.Hehistemper,butfailed.

A.managedtocontrolB.triedtocontrol

C.tiredcontrollingD.managedcontrolling

解:

选B.managetodosth.表示成功地做了某事,manage后一般接动词不定式,不用-ing形式,trytodo表示“努力做某事”,但不一定成功,trydoingsth.表示“试着做某事”,也不定成功.

6.thecauseof…=reasonfor…表示“…的理由”.

1.Carelessnessisoftentheoffire.

A.reasonB.causeC.excuseD.case

解:

选B.用thecauseof…或reasonfor…表示“…的理由”.

7.join,gather.

1.pleasethesesentencestogethertoformanarticle.

A.gatherB.includeC.joinD.collect

解:

选C.join…together“把…连在一起”,gather指“将分散的东西收集起来”,collect“聚集,收藏”,include“包括”.

8.bring.

bringup养大,bringout拿出来,bringdown下跌,bringin引进.

1.Theteacheraskedastosomepaperandhavedictation.

A.bringupB.bringoutC.bringdownD.bringin

解:

选B.bringup养大,bringout拿出来,bringdown下跌,bringin引进.

9.rise,raise,lift.

⑴raise常用作及物动词,意思有“举起、抬起;提高;提出;饲养;种植”等,作“举起,抬起”讲时,raise和lift有时可以通用.Theyraisedtheplayerintheirarms.他们把运动员抱起来.Sheraisedalotofchickens她养了许多鸡.Heraisedaquestionatthemeeting.他在会上提出一个问题.

⑵lift意思是“举起、搬起、抬起”等,有时可以和raise通用.Sheliftedthechildintoherarms.她把孩子抱了起来.Thisboxistooheavyformetolift这箱子太重,我搬不动.

⑶rise意思是“上升、升起;增长、提高;站起身;起来反对”等.作“上升”讲时,是指继续地上升,常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、水蒸气、寒暑表的水印、物价、生病时的温度、河水、潮水、人的职位等.作“起身”讲时,是getup和standup的正式用语.如:

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