349694608小学英语知识点归纳.docx
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349694608小学英语知识点归纳
小学英语知识点归纳
1、话题
（1）字母：
（大小）辨认、书写顺序:
AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz.
元音字母：
Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu
半元音字母:
Yy
书写容易错误的字母：
E,F,G,M,N,d,i,p,q,x,y.
（2）数字：
基数词和序数词的运用，如计算、购物等.
基数词:
One,two,three,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen…twenty,twenty-one…thirty,forty,fifty…eighty,ninety,one/ahundred,one/ahundredandone…twohundred.
序数词:
first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth…twentieth,twenty-first,twenty-second,twenty-third,twenty-four…thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth…eightieth,ninetieth…
相关句型:
1）What’sthirtyandforty?
Thatcomestoseventy.
2）What’syourtelephonenumber?
Mytelephonenumberis83555723.
3）Whattimeisit?
It’shalfpastten.
4）Whendoyouusuallygetup?
Atsixthirty-five.
5）Wheredoyoulive?
IliveatNo.48RenminRoad.
6）Howoldareyou?
I’mtwelve.
7）Howmuchdoesitcost?
Itcosts50yuan.
8）Howmanycarshaveyougot?
Ihavegot6cars.
9）Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthetree?
Icansee3.
10）Howmanydollsarethereonthebed?
Thereisone/adoll.
11）Howmanydollsarethereonthebed?
Therearefourdolls.
12）Whichfloordoyouliveon?
Iliveonthefifthfloor.
13）Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytoBaiyunhotel?
Yes,godownthisstreet,thenturnleftatthethirdcrossing….
14）Who’sthefifthgirlfromtheright?
She’smycousin.
注意：
数词的应用;不可数名词及它的量的表示方法;many与much在用法上的区别;thereis/are与have/has在用法上的区别.
（3）颜色：
实物的颜色
colours:
red,pink,yellow,brown,blue,purple,orange,black,white,grey,darkblue,lightblue.
相关句型:
1）Whatcolourisyourcoat?
It’s...
2）What’syourfavouritecolour?
Myfavouritecolouris…
（4）时间：
年、季节、月、星期、日、时刻
year,season（spring,summer,autumn,winter）,
month:
January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December.
Week:
Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday.
Day:
1stMay（thefirstofMay）,May2nd（Maythesecond）
Time:
（an）hour,minute,second
10:
05（fiveminutespastten,tenofive）
10:
10（tenminutespastten,tenten）
10:
15（quarterpastten,tenfifteen）
10:
30（halfpastten,tenthirty）
10:
45（quartertoeleven,tenforty-five）
11:
00（eleveno’clock）
相关句型:
1）Howoldisyourmother?
She’sthirty-sixyearsold.
2）Howmanymonthsarethereinayear?
Thereare12.
3）When’syourbirthday?
Mybirthdayison15thJanuary（thefifteenthofJanuary）.
4）Whendoyougetup?
Igetupatsixo’clock.
5）Whendoesspringlast?
Itlastsfor3monthsfromMarchtoMay.
6）Whattimeisit?
It’squartertonine.
（5）食品与饮料：
人对食品与饮料的喜好;东西方食品
food:
meat,rice,fish,bread,egg,cake,
drinks:
water,milk,orange/apple/watermelon/banana/strawberryjuice,coke,coffee,black/greentea…
相关句型:
1）Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink/eat?
Yes,I’dlikesome…
No,thanks.
2）Wouldyouliketoeat/drink?
I’dliketoeat/drink…
No,thanks.
3）What’syourfavouritefood/drink?
Myfavouritefood/drinkis…
4）CouldIhavesome…?
Yes,please.
（6）服装：
服装的颜色:
人对服装的喜好;某人的穿戴;
所属关系
clothes:
hat,cap,coat,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,dress,sweater,jacket,trousers,sock,shoe
puton,wear
所属关系:
形容词性的物主代词:
my,your,his,her,its,our,their
名词性的物主代词:
mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs
相关句型:
1）Whatdoesitlooklike?
Itlikeswearingablueshirt.
2）Whoseshoesarethese?
They’remine.
They’reTom’s.
3）Isthis/that/ityourbook?
Yes,itis.
No,itisn’t.
4）Isthispencilyours?
Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.
5）Arethese/those/theyyourcoatsandtrousers?
Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.
6）Arethoseclothestheirs?
Yes,theyare.
No,theyaren’t.
7）Thisismyhat.Thathatishis.
注意：
名词单，复数;物主代词（名词性的物主代词，形容词性的物主代词）;名词所有格，如：
Tom’s,myfather’s,theteachers’.
（7）玩具和文具：
特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置
Toys:
doll,toy…
文具:
desk,book,bag,pen,pencil,pencil-box,ruler,chair,ball
存在的位置:
in,on,under,beside,behind,infrontof,inthefrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebackof…（aplace/aperson）.
相关句型:
1）Thereisacupofteaonthetable.
2）Therearesomeorangesinthefridge.
3）Isthereanymilkintheglass?
Yes,thereis.
No,thereisn’t.
4）Arethereanyorangesinthefridges?
Yes,thereare.No,therearen’t.
5）What’sunderthedesk?
Thereisanorange./Therearesomeoranges.
（8）日常生活用品：
特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置
words:
shelf,table,clock,brush,telephone,light,computer,bike,fridge,glass,knife,keyboard,bottle,box,plate,photo,photograph,fax,radio,super-market,bookstore,noodles/cake/clothes/shoe/TVshop.
特点:
big,small,heavy,light,white,black,empty,full,old,new,beautiful,cute,tall,short,strong,plump,nice,good,bad…
（9）动物：
家畜、家禽;农场动物、动物园及野生动物的特点;生活地点和所属关系
words（animals）:
cat,dog,duck,goose（geese）fish,sheep,bird,panda,monkey,rabbit,hen,cock,chicken,tiger,lion,pig,cow,mouse（mice）,giraffe,dolphin,
生活地点：
athome,inafarm,inazoo…
所属关系：
同上话题（7）
（10）植物：
特点、所属关系;存在的位置
words:
tree,rose,flower,leaf（leaves）…
（11）环境与建筑：
特点、所属关系;存在的位置
buildings:
factory,hospital,park,house,library,museum,office,farm,postoffice,bank,policestation,trainstation,sportsstadium,departmentstore,store,school,classroom,house:
bathroom,living-room,sitting-room,bedroom,washroom,kitchen,garden…
房子的基本构造：
door,gate,wall,window,floor…
相关句型:
1）Wheredoyoustudyat?
IstudyatLongdongPrimarySchool.
2）Wheredoesyourmotherworkat?
Sheworksatahospital.
3）Let’smeetatthegateofthepark.
4）Mybrotherisplayinginthegarden.
（12）身体：
特点
body:
head,hair,eye,nose,ear,mouth,neck,shoulder,hand,finger,foot（feet）,toe…
外貌:
fat,thin,plump,tall,short,old,young,roundface,twobigblueeyes,longhair,shorthair,blackhair,whitehair…
相关句型:
1）I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/We’re/They’re（not）tall.
2）Ishe/shetallorshort?
He’s/She’stall（short）.
3）I/We/They/Youhave（got）blackhair.
4）He/Shehas（got）aroundface.
5）Hashe/shegotlonghair?
Yes,he/shehas.
No,he/shehasn’t.
注意：
描述人的外貌时，have与has用法上的区别;形容词的用法，如:
tall,short,old,young,black,long…
（13）个人情况：
姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好
age,year,address,e-mailaddress,hobby,
hobby:
collectingstamps（coins）,goingswimming…doingsth
相关句型:
1）Howoldareyou?
I’mthirteenyearsold.
2）I’mathirteen-yearoldboy.
3）What’syouraddress?
IliveatNo.48Renminroad.
4）What’syoure-mailaddress?
Mye-mailaddressis123VIP@.
5）What’syourhobby?
Myhobbyisgoingrunning.
Or:
Ilikegoingrunning.
6）I/You/Theylikemusic.
7）Helikessightseeing.
8）Doyoulikereading?
Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.
9）Doeshe/shelikeplayingbasketball?
Yes,he/shedoes.No,he/shedoesn’t.
注意：
描述个人的喜好时：
名词和动词-ing形式作宾语;主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化。
动词ing的变化规律：
1）直接加ing，如：
open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,…
2）去掉词尾不发音的e，如：
take-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…
3）重读闭音节的，双写最后的字母，加ing,如：
sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,…
主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律（与名词变复数规律相同）：
1）直接加s，如：
cook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes,…
2）以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:
teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…
3）辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i，+es，如：
fly-flies,worry-worries,carry-carries,…
4）以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es.
5）特殊：
have-has,…
（14）家庭、亲属和朋友：
姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱
好：
与你的关系
words:
family,grandfather（grandpa/granddad）,grandmother（grandma/grandmum）,father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend
相关句型:
1）Ishe/sheTom’scousin?
Yes,he/sheis.
No,he/sheisn’t.
2）Who’she/she?
He’s/She’smyfriend.
3）Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?
Whoarethey?
Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.
注意：
1）名词单复数，如：
family-families;
名词单数--复数规律:
1）直接加s，如：
boy-boys,term-terms,
2）以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:
box-boxes,class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,
3）辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i，+es，如：
baby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,
4）以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es:
leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…
5）特殊:
man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,
6）不变:
hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,meat,people,fish,sheep,…
2）名词所有格，表明是“谁的”如：
mycousin’s,hisparents’
它的构成规则：
单数名词后+“’s”，Mike’smother.
复数名词词尾有，其后只+“’”，Teachers’Da教师节.
若是两人共有时，只在后者+“’s”,
JimandTom’smother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。
不是两者所共有的，两者都+“’s”,
Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。
名词若是无生命，所有格构成用of,
amapofChina.一幅中国地图
（15）学校：
学校建筑和学校生活
words:
schoolbuilding,classroom,dormitory,playground,library…
subjects:
Chinese,maths,English,music,computer,PE,art,biology,politics,history,meeting,geography…
相关句型:
1）What’syourfavouritesubject?
English.
2）Where’sthelibrary?
It’sbehindthedormitory.
3）Whendoyougotoschool?
At7:
20.
4）WhendoesChinesebeginonMonday?
AtEighto’clock.
5）DoesgeographybeginattwentytotenonMonday?
Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.
6）We’rehavinganEnglishclass.
（16）社交礼仪：
礼貌用语;询问与应答
1.Greetings:
Hello!
Hi!
Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
Howareyou?
Fine,thanks.Andyou?
Pleasesayhellotoyourparentsforme.
2.Introduction:
Mynameis…I’mapupil.I’mnewhere.
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