东西海朝二模CD篇阅读学生版.docx
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东西海朝二模CD篇阅读学生版
2013年海淀二模
C
Theearlylackofexposuretoscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics（STEM）canbeharmfultoachievinggender（性别）balanceinthesefields.Itbeginswhenweareyoungandcontinuesthroughoutourtimeinhighschool.
Whileathome,girlsgenerallydon'tgettoexperiencethelevelofexposureorencouragementinSTEMfieldsthattheirmalecounterpartsdo.Itisoftensubtle,butit’sthefirsthurdlethatfacesandconfusessomanywomen.Boys,ontheotherhand,getontheirpath,andareencouragedtodoso,generallyearlierthangirls.Forexample,boysaremoreoftengivensciencesetsastoys,whichsparkaninterestinthesesubjects.
Inschool,boysareoftenpushedtotakethemorechallengingmathandscienceclasses.Soifwewanttoattractthebestandbrightestmindsintothefieldsthatwilladvanceusasapeople,acountry,andaplanet,wecannolongerlooktoonlyhalfofthepopulation.Younggirlscannotpossiblyconsideropportunitiestheydonotknowexist.Ifgirlsarenotexposedtocertainsubjectandcareerpaths,theyarehighlyunlikelytochoosetofollowthemincollege.
Ourbias（偏见）towardgirls,eitherfromfamiliesorfromschools,issorootedinourculturethatweoftendon’tevenrecognizeit.Althoughthesituationhaschangedgreatlyinthepast20or30years,thereisstillasensethatgirlsaren’tasgoodatmath,forinstance,eventhoughthereisalmostnoevidencetosupportsuchabelief.
Itisimportantthatasasocietywedealwithgenderstereotypeslongbeforeyoungpeoplearefacedwithadecisiontodeclareorchooseamajorincollege.Withoutmakingeffortstobreakthem,wearelimitingthepotentialofouryouth,bothmaleandfemale.Providingthenecessaryresources,exposure,andencouragementwouldhelpyoungwomenunderstandthattheirgendershouldn’tdeterminethecareerpaththeychoose,andthatpursuingaSTEMcareerdoesnotmakethemlessfeminine.
63.Accordingtothepassage,notmanygirlsgrowtoenterSTEMfieldsbecause__________.
A.girlsarenotasgoodatSTEMasboys
B.girlsdonotliketotakescienceclasses
C.girlsgetfewerchancestoknowaboutSTEM
D.girlsseldomsurvivethehighpressurepositions
64.Theunderlinedword“it”inPara.4refersto__________.
A.ourbias
B.ourculture
C.thesituation
D.asense
65.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto__________.
A.showwomen’spotentialsinSTEMfields
B.praisewomen’scontributionstoSTEMfields
C.describethepresentgenderbiasinSTEMfields
D.callformoreinvolvementofwomeninSTEMfields
66.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?
CP:
CentralPointP:
PointSP:
Sub-point（次要点）C:
Conclusion
（一）【词汇扫描】
exposure
beharmfulto
counterpart
subtle
hurdle
spark
stereotype
feminine
（二）【长难句分析】
1.Whileathome,girlsgenerallydon'tgettoexperiencethelevelofexposureorencouragementinSTEMfieldsthattheirmalecounterpartsdo.
解析：
翻译：
2.Soifwewanttoattractthebestandbrightestmindsintothefieldsthatwilladvanceusasapeople,acountry,andaplanet,wecannolongerlooktoonlyhalfofthepopulation.
解析：
翻译：
3.Althoughthesituationhaschangedgreatlyinthepast20or30years,thereisstillasensethatgirlsaren’tasgoodatmath,forinstance,eventhoughthereisalmostnoevidencetosupportsuchabelief.
解析：
翻译：
4.Providingthenecessaryresources,exposure,andencouragementwouldhelpyoungwomenunderstandthattheirgendershouldn’tdeterminethecareerpaththeychoose,andthatpursuingaSTEMcareerdoesnotmakethemlessfeminine.
解析：
翻译：
（三）【重点段落大意归纳】
Paragraph1:
Paragraph2:
Paragraph3:
Paragraph4:
Paragraph5:
（四）【选项分析】
63.
【标准答案】
【试题分析】
【高考考点】
【错误选项】
64.
【标准答案】
【试题分析】
【高考考点】
【错误选项】
65.
【标准答案】
【试题分析】
【高考考点】
【错误选项】
66.
【标准答案】
【试题分析】
【高考考点】
【错误选项】
D
Onlineshopperswouldratherreceiveanofferforaproductorservicethanmaketheirownoffer,accordingtoastudyledbyaMichiganStateUniversityscholarthathasimplicationsforthefast-growinge-commerceindustry.Thefindingsmaycomeasasurprisegiventhatshoppingonlineisananonymous（匿名的）processthatseeminglycangiveconsumersmoreconfidencetodriveahardbargain,saidDonConlon,ProfessorofManagementinMSU’sBroadCollegeofBusiness.
Butthestudyfoundthatparticipantswhomadetheirownofferswerelesssuccessfulinsealingthedealand,whentheyweresuccessful,worriedtheyoverpaid.Manyshoppersfoundtheprocessofresearchinganoffertobeahassle.“Americansareverybusy,andit’slesstime-consumingtobetheonereceivingtheofferratherthantheoneproposingtheoffer,”Conlonsaid.“Peopletendtobehappierwhenthey’reinthereceiverrole.”
OnlinespendingintheUnitedStatesisexpectedtojump45percentinthenextfouryears,from$226billionthisyearto$327billionin2017,accordingtoForresterResearchInc.Nevertheless,researchesintothisprosperousmarketremainlargelyfocusedonthestrategiesofcompanies,ratherthanthoseofshoppers.Conlon’sstudyis,obviously,arareexception.
Conlongottheideaforthestudyafterconsideringthedifferencebetweentwopopularsitesforhotelsandairlineflights:
whichtakesbids,and,whichprovidesoffers.Usingthesetwomodels,Conlonandhisfellowresearchersconductedaseriesofexperimentswithmorethan850peoplewhowerechargedwithbookingafictionalhotelroomandacquiringafictionalantiquecar.Notonlydidparticipantsprefertoreceivebids,Conlonsaid,buttheyalsomademoredealsinthatreceiverrole.Further,whentheyhadtomakethebids,theywereleftmorementallytaxedandregretful.
Fromanindustryperspective,puttingcustomersinthereceiverrolemayhelpfillmorehotelroomsandairplaneseats.“Ifyou’reabusinesswithalotofproduct,”Conlonsaid,“youmaywanttobetheonemakingtheoffers.”However,whensellingsingleitems,suchasanantiquecar,acceptingbidsmaybeabetteroptionsincethattypicallydrivesuptheprice,hesaid.
67.WhatcanwelearnfromPara.1?
A.Theresultofthestudygivescustomersmoreconfidence.
B.Scholarsaren’tsurprisedatthefindingsofthestudy.
C.Onlineshoppersdon’tbargainasmuchasexpected.
D.E-commerceindustrydrivesmorehardbargains.
68.ItcanbeconcludedfromConlon’sexperimentthat__________.
A.onlineshoppingistime-consuming
B.givenpriceshelppromoteonlinesales
C.onlinebusinessesprovidealotofproducts
D.receivingoffersmakesonlineshoppersregretful
69.Theunderlinedword“taxed”inPara.4probablymeans__________.
A.burdened
B.numbed
C.relieved
D.challenged
70.Thepassageismainlyabout__________.
A.thebigadvantagesofonlineshopping
B.therapiddevelopmentofonlineshopping
C.onlineshoppers’preferencefortakingoffers
D.onlinecompanies’strategiestoimproveservice
（一）【词汇扫描】
wouldrather
implication
fast-growing
e-commerce
bargain
hardbargain
participant
seal
overpaid
hassle
time-consuming
prosperous
rare
bid
antique
driveup
（二）【长难句分析】
1.Onlineshopperswouldratherreceiveanofferforaproductorservicethanmaketheirownoffer,accordingtoastudyledbyaMichiganStateUniversityscholarthathasimplicationsforthefast-growinge-commerceindustry.
解析：
翻译：
2.Thefindingsmaycomeasasurprisegiventhatshoppingonlineisananonymous（匿名的）processthatseeminglycangiveconsumersmoreconfidencetodriveahardbargain,saidDonConlon,ProfessorofManagementinMSU’sBroadCollegeofBusiness.
解析：
翻译：
3.Butthestudyfoundthatparticipantswhomadetheirownofferswerelesssuccessfulinsealingthedealand,whentheyweresuccessful,worriedtheyoverpaid.
解析：
翻译：
4.Usingthesetwomodels,Conlonandhisfellowresearchersconductedaseriesofexperimentswithmorethan850peoplewhowerechargedwithbookingafictionalhotelroomandacquiringafictionalantiquecar.
解析：
翻译：
（三）【重点段落大意归纳】
Paragraph1:
Paragraph2:
Paragraph3:
Paragraph4:
Paragraph5:
（四）【选项分析】
67.
【标准答案】
【试题分析】
【高考考点】
【错误选项】
.
68.
【标准答案】
【试题分析】
【高考考点】
【错误选项】
69.
【标准答案】
【试题分析】
【高考考点】
【错误选项】
70.
【标准答案】
【试题分析】
【高考考点】
【错误选项】
2013年西城二模
C
Manyfactoriesandbusinessesaroundtheglobehavebeenstrugglingtodealwiththesevereeconomicrealitiesoftherecession（衰退）,sotheyarehavingtheiremployeestakecompulsoryunpaidleavetosavemoney.Forsomeworkers,theirsalarieshavebeencutby20percent,forcedtostayhomeoneoutofeveryfiveworkingdays.Forsomebusinesses,though,theeconomicdownturnisactuallyagoldmine.
Insteadofgoingouttofancyrestaurantstodinewiththewholefamily,manychoosetostayathome.“Peopleareeatingoutlessandstayinghomemore,whichisdrivingoursales,”reportsDomino’sPizzachiefmanagerChrisMoore.Pizzaisverypopular,anditisalsoveryaffordableforafamilythathaslittleextramoneytospare.Domino’sbusinessinEnglandrose15percentinthefirstsixweeksthisyearcomparedwiththepreviousyear.Morebelievesthatthecustomersnowwillremainloyalwhenthefinancialsituationrightsitself.“Byexceeding（超越）theirexpectationsintermsofproductqualityandspeedofdelivery…thesecustomerswillstaywithDomino’swhentheeconomybecomesbetter.”saidMoore.
Deliveredpizzaisnottheonlywinnerinthestay-at-homeeconomy.Almostallonlinegameshavebeenreportingrecord-highincomesincethemiddleof2008.Onlinegamesaredesignedtoenableplayerstoletoffsteambyinteractingwitheachothersociallyinthecomfortoftheirownhomes.AShanghai-basedonlinegameproducer
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