SAT语法讲义全.docx
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SAT语法讲义全
SAT语法讲义
IdentifyingSentenceErrors
一、主谓一致
1.就前原则
(1)N1ofN2verb(SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关,与N2无关)
如:
agroupofstudentsare
thedetailsoftheproblemsare
例:
Thebright(A)fiberglasssculpturesofLuisJimenezhasreceived(B)criticalacclaimnotonly(C)inhishomestate,NewMexico,butalsoin(D)NewYork.
Noerror(E).(P161.1)
(2)名词1+介词+名词2如:
studentsintheclassroom
名词,插入语,verb
名词+doing/done如:
studentsstudyinghard
例:
Flintsfoundin(A)theregionextendingfromtheNileValleyto(B)thehighlandsofeasternIraqatteststo(C)thepresenceofpeoplethereaslongagoas(D)onehundredthousandyears.Noerror(E).(P166.3)
2.“欲擒故纵”法
动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则,如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时,用“欲擒故纵”法。
3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法
(1)anumberof一些;一般情况下其后动词用复数,(不受任何规律限制);
thenumberof…的数量;其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。
量词考点:
agroup/list/lineof使用“就前原则”
(2)倒装结构:
就后原则。
如:
herecomesthebus
a.地点状语+动词+主语
b.Only置于句首的倒装
例:
Inthefoothillsofthatlargemountainrangeis(A)thesourcesofariverwhosecourse(B)wasnotfullymapped(C)until(D)thiscentury.Noerror(E).(P776.19)
例:
Airpollutioncausedbyindustrialfumeshasbeenstudied(A)foryears,but(B)onlyrecentlyhas(C)theharmfuleffectsofnoisepollutionbecome(D)known.Noerror(E).(P167.6)
4.名词
集合名词:
family,group,stuff,team,community,只要这些词以单数结尾,后面的谓语动词都用单数。
people,cattle,police:
其后的谓语动词用复数
以s结尾的词:
means,species,news
以cs结尾的词:
physics,mathematics,不表示复数,是单数。
以us结尾的词:
octopus(章鱼),platypus(鸭嘴兽),-saurus(恐龙)
考点:
名词的单复数
作业:
P410.23、24,P472.22,P602.27,P721.24、26、29,P839.20、27,P894.16,P956.12,P776.12,P839.25,P957.19、28,P471.17,P534.18。
二、平行结构
(1)名词,名词,and名词
例:
EachtimeCarolineturnsonhercomputer,shehas(A)toenteracompanycode,thenherinitials,andthenentersapassword(B)before(C)shecanbeginworking(D).Noerror(E).(P166.2)
例:
Ofthehundredsofwarm-watercoralspecies,onlyafew(A)arehighlyprized(B)foruseinjewelrybecauseoftheir(C)beauty,luster,andtheyarehard(D).Noerror(E).(P533.12)
(2)两者之间的平行
如:
notonly…,butalso…
neither…,nor…
either…,or…
…and/but….
例:
Thelaborunionisnegotiating(A)acontractwiththehospitalthat(B)willsatisfy(C)thedemandsoftheworkersandbeacceptableto(D)alllevelsofmanagement.Noerror(E).(P601.13)
(3)句子的平行
考点:
同类比较
特点:
-er,more,than,as,like,unlike,compareto/with.
如:
ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.
所有格和所有格之间比较时,第二个所有格是不能省略的,需要补充thatof/thoseof/’s。
作业:
P601.13,P777.28,P599.3,P410.21、29,P602.20、22,P659.25,P660.27,P720.14、18。
三、形容词和副词
adj.+n./pron.
adv.+v./adj./adv.
如:
Ifindthebookeasy.
Ifindthebookeasily.
例:
Althoughcanoeingthrough(A)therapidswasexciting,itwas(B)alsoexhausting,andwewerehappyforatimetohavethecanoefloatserene(C)down(D)asmoothstretchoftheriver.Noerror(E).(P838.12)
笔记:
serene平静的;serenely平静地
如:
快速的发展中的国家rapidlydevelopingcountry
例:
Theresearchstudyreveals(A)startlingproofofaconstant(B)changingseafloorthatcomprises(C)themajorpartof(D)theunderwaterlandscape.Noerror(E).(P602.29)
例:
Justhow(A)criticalanimprovedbalanceoftradeisto(B)ahealthyeconomyhasneverbeen(C)moreclearer(D)thanitisnow.Noerror(E).(P659.18)
作业:
P167.7,P192.14,P409.17,P660.29,P721.22,P894.13,P896.27,P957.23。
四、逻辑主语
(1)Doing/done…,SVO.
如:
Beatenblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.
Beatingblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.
例:
Contrastingwith(A)mostother(B)fifteenth-centuryrulers,PortugueseKingscouldcounton(C)thesupportofthearistocracyinany(D)overseasventures.Noerror(E)
例:
Raisedinalargeandnoisycity,itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe.(P955.11)
(A)itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe
(B)whenIwentawaytocollegeIthenrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe
(C)goingawaytocollegemademerealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe
(D)IdidnotrealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbeuntilIwentawaytocollege
(E)delightfullifeinasmalltownwasunrealizedbymeuntilIwentawaytocollege
例:
WhileworkingasanurseinthestreetsofCalcutta,thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor.(P892.1)
(A)thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor
(B)MotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor
(C)thenthedevelopmentofMotherTeresa’sprofoundloveforthepoortookplace
(D)MotherTeresa’sprofoundloveforthepoordeveloped
(E)aprofoundloveforthepoordevelopedinMotherTeresa
例:
Havingthoughttheproblemthroughwithsomecare,thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely.(P599.5)
(A)thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely