SAT语法讲义全.docx

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SAT语法讲义全

SAT语法讲义

IdentifyingSentenceErrors

一、主谓一致

1.就前原则

(1)N1ofN2verb(SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关,与N2无关)

如:

agroupofstudentsare

thedetailsoftheproblemsare

例:

Thebright(A)fiberglasssculpturesofLuisJimenezhasreceived(B)criticalacclaimnotonly(C)inhishomestate,NewMexico,butalsoin(D)NewYork.

Noerror(E).(P161.1)

(2)名词1+介词+名词2如:

studentsintheclassroom

名词,插入语,verb

名词+doing/done如:

studentsstudyinghard

例:

Flintsfoundin(A)theregionextendingfromtheNileValleyto(B)thehighlandsofeasternIraqatteststo(C)thepresenceofpeoplethereaslongagoas(D)onehundredthousandyears.Noerror(E).(P166.3)

2.“欲擒故纵”法

动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则,如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时,用“欲擒故纵”法。

3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法

(1)anumberof一些;一般情况下其后动词用复数,(不受任何规律限制);

thenumberof…的数量;其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。

量词考点:

agroup/list/lineof使用“就前原则”

(2)倒装结构:

就后原则。

如:

herecomesthebus

a.地点状语+动词+主语

b.Only置于句首的倒装

例:

Inthefoothillsofthatlargemountainrangeis(A)thesourcesofariverwhosecourse(B)wasnotfullymapped(C)until(D)thiscentury.Noerror(E).(P776.19)

例:

Airpollutioncausedbyindustrialfumeshasbeenstudied(A)foryears,but(B)onlyrecentlyhas(C)theharmfuleffectsofnoisepollutionbecome(D)known.Noerror(E).(P167.6)

4.名词

集合名词:

family,group,stuff,team,community,只要这些词以单数结尾,后面的谓语动词都用单数。

people,cattle,police:

其后的谓语动词用复数

以s结尾的词:

means,species,news

以cs结尾的词:

physics,mathematics,不表示复数,是单数。

以us结尾的词:

octopus(章鱼),platypus(鸭嘴兽),-saurus(恐龙)

考点:

名词的单复数

作业:

P410.23、24,P472.22,P602.27,P721.24、26、29,P839.20、27,P894.16,P956.12,P776.12,P839.25,P957.19、28,P471.17,P534.18。

二、平行结构

(1)名词,名词,and名词

例:

EachtimeCarolineturnsonhercomputer,shehas(A)toenteracompanycode,thenherinitials,andthenentersapassword(B)before(C)shecanbeginworking(D).Noerror(E).(P166.2)

例:

Ofthehundredsofwarm-watercoralspecies,onlyafew(A)arehighlyprized(B)foruseinjewelrybecauseoftheir(C)beauty,luster,andtheyarehard(D).Noerror(E).(P533.12)

(2)两者之间的平行

如:

notonly…,butalso…

neither…,nor…

either…,or…

…and/but….

例:

Thelaborunionisnegotiating(A)acontractwiththehospitalthat(B)willsatisfy(C)thedemandsoftheworkersandbeacceptableto(D)alllevelsofmanagement.Noerror(E).(P601.13)

(3)句子的平行

考点:

同类比较

特点:

-er,more,than,as,like,unlike,compareto/with.

如:

ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.

所有格和所有格之间比较时,第二个所有格是不能省略的,需要补充thatof/thoseof/’s。

作业:

P601.13,P777.28,P599.3,P410.21、29,P602.20、22,P659.25,P660.27,P720.14、18。

三、形容词和副词

adj.+n./pron.

adv.+v./adj./adv.

如:

Ifindthebookeasy.

Ifindthebookeasily.

例:

Althoughcanoeingthrough(A)therapidswasexciting,itwas(B)alsoexhausting,andwewerehappyforatimetohavethecanoefloatserene(C)down(D)asmoothstretchoftheriver.Noerror(E).(P838.12)

笔记:

serene平静的;serenely平静地

如:

快速的发展中的国家rapidlydevelopingcountry

例:

Theresearchstudyreveals(A)startlingproofofaconstant(B)changingseafloorthatcomprises(C)themajorpartof(D)theunderwaterlandscape.Noerror(E).(P602.29)

例:

Justhow(A)criticalanimprovedbalanceoftradeisto(B)ahealthyeconomyhasneverbeen(C)moreclearer(D)thanitisnow.Noerror(E).(P659.18)

作业:

P167.7,P192.14,P409.17,P660.29,P721.22,P894.13,P896.27,P957.23。

四、逻辑主语

(1)Doing/done…,SVO.

如:

Beatenblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.

Beatingblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.

例:

Contrastingwith(A)mostother(B)fifteenth-centuryrulers,PortugueseKingscouldcounton(C)thesupportofthearistocracyinany(D)overseasventures.Noerror(E)

例:

Raisedinalargeandnoisycity,itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe.(P955.11)

(A)itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe

(B)whenIwentawaytocollegeIthenrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe

(C)goingawaytocollegemademerealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe

(D)IdidnotrealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbeuntilIwentawaytocollege

(E)delightfullifeinasmalltownwasunrealizedbymeuntilIwentawaytocollege

例:

WhileworkingasanurseinthestreetsofCalcutta,thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor.(P892.1)

(A)thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor

(B)MotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor

(C)thenthedevelopmentofMotherTeresa’sprofoundloveforthepoortookplace

(D)MotherTeresa’sprofoundloveforthepoordeveloped

(E)aprofoundloveforthepoordevelopedinMotherTeresa

例:

Havingthoughttheproblemthroughwithsomecare,thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely.(P599.5)

(A)thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely

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