SAT Writing sample examplesWord格式.docx

SAT Writing sample examplesWord格式.docx

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santiapartheidmovement,hewasinstrumentalinmovingthenationtowardmultiracialgovernmentandmajorityrule.Heisreveredeverywhereasavitalforceinthefightforhumanrightsandracialequality.（138）

MartinLutherKing

MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasanAmericanclergyman,activistandprominentleaderintheAfrican-Americancivilrightmovement.HismainlegacywastosecureprogressoncivilrightsintheUnitedStatesandheisfrequentlyreferencedasahumanrightsicontoday.

Kingledthe1955MontgomeryBusBoycottandhelpedfoundtheSouthernChristianLeadershipConferencein1957,servingasitsfirstpresident.King'

seffortsledtothe1963MarchonWashington,whereKingdeliveredhis"

IHaveaDream"

speech.There,heraisedpublicconsciousnessofthecivilrightsmovementandestablishedhimselfasoneofthegreatestorators

inU.S.history.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1968,hehadrefocusedhiseffortsonendingpovertyandopposingtheVietnamWar,bothfromareligiousperspective.

In1964,KingbecametheyoungestpersontoreceivetheNobelPeacePrizeforhisworktoend

racialsegregationandracialdiscriminationthroughcivildisobedienceandothernon-violentmeans.HewasposthumouslyawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomin1977andCongressionalGoldMedalin2004;

MartinLutherKing,Jr.DaywasestablishedasaU.S.Nationalholidayin1986.（192）

BrightMinds

Newton

Newton’saimatCambridgewasalawdegree.InstructionatCambridgewasdominatedbythephilosophyofAristotlebutsomefreedomofstudywasallowedinthethirdyearofthecourse.Newtonhadagoldenopportunitytostudyanabundanceofgreatminds:

thephilosophyofDescartes,Gassendi,Hobbes,andinparticularBoyle.ThemechanicsoftheCopernicanastronomyofGalileoattractedhimandhealsostudiedKepler’sOptics.ItisafascinatingaccountofhowNewton’sideaswereformed.Hecollectedallthesethoughtsanddevelopedhisownsystembywhichhesuccessfullyexplainedawiderangeofpreviouslyunrelatedphenomena:

theeccentricorbitsofcomets,theprocessionoftheEarth’saxis,andmotionoftheMoonasperturbedbythegravityoftheSun,aswellasthethreelawsofmotionthatmadehimaninternationalleaderinscientificresearchandthegreatestpilotinhuman’scivilization.（157）

Darwin’sOriginofSpecies

Thetheoryofevolutionisoneofthegreatintellectualrevolutionsofhumanhistory.Hundredsofyearsago,peoplewereconfusedwiththecomplexityofdifferentspeciesoftheworld,andbelievedthatspecieswerecreatedbythemysteriousGod.However,Darwindidnotbelieveso.Afterseveralyears'

study,heeventuallydemonstratedthatspecies,howevercomplexseemingly,allevolvedbynaturalselectionfromsimpleandpreliminaryconditions.WhenDarwinpublished

hisfamousresearchresultsontheOriginofSpeciesbyMeansofNaturalSelection,thebookencounteredlotsofcontroversies.Membersofthereligiouscommunity,aswellassomescientificpeers,wereoutragedandprotested.However,Darwin'

sideaofevolutioneventuallydefeatedthetraditionalbeliefandwasacceptedandacknowledgedbysomeinsightfulscientistsandfinallybythesociety.Itisnowreverencedasoneofthegreatestintellectualrevolutionsofhumanhistory.（144）

GalileoGalilei

GalileoGalileiwasanItalianphysicist,mathematician,astronomer,andphilosopherwhoplayed

amajorroleintheScientificRevolution.Hisachievementsincludeimprovementstothetelescopeandconsequentastronomicalobservations,andsupportforCopernicanism.Galileo'

sobservationsaboutfoursatellitesofJupiterwithhisnewtelescopeconvincedhimofthetruthofCopernicus'

ssun-centeredorheliocentrictheory.Galileohasbeencalledthe"

fatherofmodernobservationalastronomy,"

the"

fatherofmodernphysics,"

and"

theFatherofModernScience."

StephenHawkingsays,"

Galileo,perhapsmorethananyothersingleperson,wasresponsiblefor

thebirthofmodernscience."

（96）

ChristopherColumbus

In1485,ColumbuspresentedhisplanstoJohnII,KingofPortugal.Herequestedhebemade"

GreatAdmiraloftheOcean"

appointedgovernorofanyandalllandshediscovered,andgivenone-tenthofallrevenuefromthoselands.Thekingsubmittedtheproposaltohisexpertsandrejectedit.In1488ColumbusappealedtothecourtofPortugalonceagain,andonceagainitalsoprovedunsuccessful.Then,ColumbustraveledfromPortugaltobothGenoaandVenice,buthereceivedencouragementfromneither.In1486,ColumbuspresentedhisplanstoQueenIsabella.Afterthepassingofmuchtime,thesesavantsofSpain,liketheircounterpartsinPortugal,pronouncedtheideaimpractical,andadvisedtheirRoyalHighnessestopassontheproposedventure.ButafterendlessattemptsatestablishingasettlementofHispanism,CatholicMonarchsfinallygavehimanannualallowanceof12,000maravedisandfurnishedhimwithaletterorderingallcitiesandtownsundertheirdomaintoprovidehimfoodandlodgingwithwhichColumbussuccessfullyinitiatedwidespreadcontactbetweenEuropeansandindigenousAmericansandcarvedoutthecross-continentaltrademarket.（183）

ThomasEdison

In19thcentury,peoplecouldonlygetlightfromcandles,butitsufferedfromseveraldisadvantages,includingexorbitantlyhighpriceandinadequatelightness.ThomasEdison,oneofthemostprominentinventorsinthe20thcentury,overcame1500failureandsuitablefilamentforelectriclightbulbwhichwereaffordableforallpeopletobuyanduse.Hetriednumerousmaterialssuchasiron,copper,aluminum,silver,hair,evenhiscolleague’sbrownbeard,buthefailsalltimes.Neverthelesshedidnotgiveupanddedicatedhimselfinfindingthebestmaterial.Thebeliefheldbyhimwasthat“wewillmaketheelectricitysocheapthatonlytherichwillburncandles.”Hehadthefirstsuccessfulexperimentin1879,findingthatcarbonfilamentcanlastover40hours,butheandhisteamwerenotsatisfiedforthat.Throughhundredsoftoughtrying,theyfinallyfoundcarbonizedbamboofilamentwhichcouldlastover1200hours.Furthermore,thelightbulbsinventedbyEdisonwiththemostsuitablefilamenthavenotonlylighteduptheworld,butinfluencedpeople’slivesallovertheworlduntilnow.（185）

YuanLongping

YuanLongpingisaChineseagriculturalscientistandeducator,knownfordevelopingthefirsthybridricevarietiesinthe1970s.Heiscalled"

TheFatherofHybridRice"

.His"

hybridrice"

hassincebeengrownindozensofcountriesinAfrica,America,andAsia—providingarobustfoodsourceinhighfamineriskareas.Byhisachievement,theEarthisabletoproduceextrariceequivalenttothefoodrequirementbytensofmillionsofpopulation.HisachievementasavictoryoverthethreatoffamineandthatYuanwasusheringusintoaworldwithamplefood.（98）

VirtuousHearts

BillGates

BillGates,thechairmanofMicrosoftisoneofthebest-knownentrepreneursofthepersonalcomputerrevolutionandisalsorankedconsistentlyoneoftheworld'

swealthiestpeople.Gateshaspursuedanumberofphilanthropicendeavors,donatinglargeamountsofmoneytovariouscharitableorganizationsandscientificresearchprograms.AfterstudiedtheworkofAndrewCarnegieandJohnD.Rockefeller,Gatesbegantorealizetheexpectationsothershadofhimwhenpublicopinionmountedthathecouldgivemoreofhiswealthtocharity.In2000,GatesandhiswifecombinedthreefamilyfoundationsintoonetocreatethecharitableBill&

MelindaGatesFoundation,whichisthelargesttransparentlyoperatedcharitablefoundationintheworld.Asof2007,BillandMelindaGateswerethesecondmostgenerousphilanthropistsinAmerica,havinggivenover$28billiontocharity.（138）

WarrenBuffett

WarrenBuffettisaU.S.investor,andbusinessman.In2006,heannouncedaplantocharity,with

83%ofhisfortunegoingtotheBill&

MelindaGatesFoundation,makingitthelargestcharitabledonationinhistory.ThefollowingquotationhighlightsWarrenBuffett'

sthoughtsonhiswealth.“Idon'

thaveaproblemwithguiltaboutmoney.ThewayIseeitisthatmymoneyrepresentsanenormousnumberofclaimchecksonsociety.It'

slikeIhavetheselittlepiecesofpaperthatIcanturnintoconsumption.IfIwantedto,Icouldhire10,000peopletodonothingbutpaintmypictureeverydayfortherestofmylifeandIwouldbekeepingthose10,000peoplefromdoingAIDSresearch,orteaching,ornursing.There'

snothingmaterialIwantverymuch.AndI'

mgoingtogivevirtuallyallofthoseclaimcheckstocharitywhenmywifeandIdie.”（156）

HelenKeller

HelenKellerwasawell-knownAmericanauthor,politicalactivistandlecturer.Whenshebecame

blindanddeaffromanundiagnosedillnessattheageoftwo,itwasregardedasamissionimpossibleforhertobeascapableasnormalpeople.However,herambitionofhelpingandlearningfromothersmotivatedhertochangegraduallyfromapessimisttoanoptimist,supportedhertobreakthr