作文讲义修订版Word文件下载.docx

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作文讲义修订版Word文件下载.docx

相关词(如:

题目onlineshopping的相关词可以是:

Internet,shoppingwebsites,customers,onlinestores,goods)

4).代词替换:

某群体thosewith/peoplewho

如:

拥有博士学位的人群thosewithdoctoraldegrees/peoplewhohavedoctoraldegrees

b.深度:

弃用第一反应词。

2.2句子写作

a.造句原则:

1)切忌逐字翻译;

2)汉语意思—》英文结构

b.造句基础:

1)简单句:

主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补

2)并列句:

and/or/while/but

3)复合句:

名词从句、定语从句、状语从句

备注:

三种基本句式变体为:

陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句等

c.如何写正确?

三个事项:

1)词性;

2)单复数;

3)动词(时态、语态、语气)

2.1写作翻译常用句式:

ForCET-4

1)被动

 

2)名词从句:

主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

3)定语从句:

写作步骤:

1)先写出正确简单句,确定被修饰成分(中心名词)

2)在中心名词后加入定从,关系词who,whose,whom,where,which,when

4)含同位语句式:

1)人—》身份;

Eg.Iamconvincedthat…Asacollegestudent,Iamconvincedthat

2)物—》性质:

Astrongwillbringsuspower…Asavitalquality,astrongwillbringsus

5)it句式:

形式主语1)itis+被动/形容词/名词+that从句/todo…

形式宾语2)sbfind/noticeitdifficulttodo…

6)therebe:

7)强调句:

1)强调谓语:

Iloveyou.-Idoloveyou./Ididloveyou.

2)强调句式:

Itis+被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分

8)(半)倒装:

1)表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首,主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);

Eg.Iwillneveragree.NeverwillIagree.

2)Only+状语位于句首,主句半倒装

Whenmybelovedisbesidemyself,Icanfeelthetruehappiness.

Onlywhenmybelovedisbesidemyself,canIfeelthetruehappiness.

3)As/though倒装形式

AlthoughZYKisagirl,sheiscalledbrotherZeng.GirlasZYKis,sheiscalledbrotherZeng.

4)平衡结构性倒装:

如图表作文首句:

Givenisachartwhichclearlyillustratesthestrikingcontrast/relationbetween_____and______.

9)双重否定:

用于强调:

no____is/aremore_____than________.

Theimportanceof_____cannotbetooemphasized.

10)Ving状语:

Iclimbedthestairs.Itookasuitcase.

Iclimbedthestairs,takingasuitcase.

Climbingthestairs,Itookasuitcase.

ForCET-6:

11)with结构:

with+n/pron+adj/ed/ving/prep

a.前面有逗号,与整个句子隔开:

充当整个句子状语成分

b.前面无逗号,直接用在名词后:

充当前面名词定语成分

12)插入语:

第三章段落及篇章写作

a.六种功能段落及篇章写作思路

(四级考试作文一般写三段,每一段完成题目中的一项或两项“内容要求”,篇章层面为六种功能段落的排列组合)

b.现象、危害、原因、建议、观点(利弊)、意义段写作逻辑:

“一个中心,四个基本点”:

3.1现象描述

现象段:

______(引出问题+具体描述/看法理解+总结问题)=主题句+具体现象

1)引出问题:

☆首句1.Onmanycampuses/Incontemporarysociety/Nowadays,ithasbecomea(prevalent)trend/tendencyfor_______to______.

首句2.(背景)Livinginaneraofknowledge/fiercecompetition,_doctorsandmastershavemoreaccesstojobopportunities.(2012-12真题)

首句3.Inrecentyears,(itcanbenoticedthat)__________________________than(ever)before.(比较级引出问题)

☆首句4:

InChina,_________has/havegainedgreat/widepopularityamong_______.或:

InChina,______hasbeenenjoyinggrowingpopularityanditisofgreatimportance.

首句5:

(背景)Thepastyears/decadeshaveseenthehuge/speedyadvancement/developmentof_____________.

首句6:

Givenisaninterestingbutthought-provokingcartoon:

____________.

2)具体描述:

二句1:

(事实描述:

相关人+感受)Meanwhile,anincreasingnumberofindividuals/peoplefinditdifficult/hard/troublesometo__________________.

Anincreasingnumberof:

find-->

deem/regard

负面:

difficult正面:

convenient/comfortable/inexpensive/natural/necessary

二句2:

(举例描述1)Acaseinpointis/Atypicalexampleis/Thisphenomenoncanbebestillustratedbythefactthat.

☆(举例描述2)Turning/Takingalookaround/at_______,wecannotice/findagreatmany/plentyof/agooddealofexampleslikethis:

两个例子.

二句3:

(举例描述3):

Ourdailylifehasbeenfilledwithavarietyofexamples,(butthefollowingwillsuffice:

)______________.

二句4:

(调查法描述:

)(Accordingtoarecentsurvey,)amajority/72.34%ofpeople/students/individuals/citizens/residentsadmit/reckon/acknowledgethat_______.

二句5:

(看法理解):

Obviously,thiscarton/sayingcanbenaturallyassociatedwiththesignificanceof________:

3)总结问题:

承上+启下(如字数已够,可以不写)

三句1:

(承上)Thus/Therefore/Hence,(启下)howto_______________effectivelyhasbecomeamatterofconcern.

三句2:

(承上)Asaresult/Consequently/Accordingly,(启下)_____requires/necessitates/callsforcloseattentionofthewholesociety.

三句3:

(承上)So,(启下1)dueattentionshouldbepaidto_____/(或)weshouldkeepacloseeyeon____.

3.2分析危害

危害段:

(弊)=主题句+危害1+危害2+总结

主题句1:

Ifwekeepturningablindeye,thistrendisboundtogenerate/resultin/leadtoseriouseffects.

☆主题句2:

Apparentlyenough,therearesomenegativeimpactswhichweshouldnotignore/neglect.

☆主题句3:

Quiteobviously,itisofgreatnecessitytofigureoutthenegativeinfluences(behindit).

主题句4:

Totacklethisproblem,itisofgreat/vitalsignificancetoanalyzethepotentialnegativeimpactsofthismatter.

具体危害写法

☆危害1:

Tobeginwith,_____maydamage/hurt/injure/harm/impair/underminetheover-all/sustainabledevelopmentof______,(because____________).

☆危害2:

Moreover,(强调句式)itis_____thatdoes/donotenable______tobuildup/expand/enjoy__________.

危害3:

Thistrendisparticularlyworthconcernforthebackgroundthat____mayfocusmucheyesighton_____,ignoringthesignificanceof_________.

☆危害4:

Besides,(itcanbearguedthat)_____means/equalsagraveamountoftime/energy/naturalresources;

(however,______isdefinitelyvaluable/limited).

☆危害5:

Asamatteroffact,______inmounting/largenumbershaveignoredthesignificance/necessityof_____

☆万能危害总结1:

Andifweletthissituationcontinueasitis,wewillnotknowwhere____willbeintheforthcomingfuture.

危害总结2:

Toconclude,itisundeniablethatthebadimpactsof_____canneverbeturnedablindeyeto.

3.3分析原因

原因段=主题句+原因1+原因2+总结

☆主题句1:

Generallyspeaking,severalreasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.(中性话题)

主题句2:

Ingeneral,thereareseveralfactorscontributingtothisphenomenon(,butthefollowingmaybethemostcritical).(中性话题)

Itisevidentthatthecausesofthisphenomenonarediverse/various.

Tosolve/dealwiththisworrying/disturbingissue,itisofvitalsignificancetoexplore/investigatethepossiblereasons.

原因1:

Inthefirstplace,___________istherootcause.Agoodcaseinpointisthat_____________________/(Accordingtoasurvey),amajorityof______admitthat_____________________.(原因+例子/或调查法描述)

原因2:

Inthesecondplace,_____constitutesanothermajorcause.Specifically/Tobespecific,_______________________________.(原因+具体说明:

即现象描述).

☆万能原因3:

(强调句式)Then,itis_____thatmakes/attracts/enables____to___.

☆万能原因4:

Asamatteroffact,______inmounting/largenumbershave(not)cometorealizethesignificance/necessityof_____(for____)

☆原因总结1:

Asaconsequence,_______payrelativelyless(more)attentionto_______.

原因总结2:

Consequently,____has(not)beenemphasized.

3.4建议措施

建议段=总结句+建议1+建议2+展望

☆总结句1:

Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken(beforethingsgetworse).

总结句2:

Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly,itishightimethatwetookfeasiblesteps(tostop/limit/restrainthistrend).

总结句3:

Infact,people’s/ourwaysto___________dovary/differ.(☆替换:

1.Asa____,Iamconvincedthattherearevariouswaysinwhich_____________________.或2.Itisapparentthatwaysto___________arevarious.)Some_____;

some______;

someothers_____.

☆建议1:

First,itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedoutandenforcedtoban/forbid/support/guide_________.

☆建议2:

Second,itissuggestedthatthepublicshouldenhance/promote/cultivate/strengthentheirawarenessof__________.

建议3:

Then,itis(not)advisable/significantfor________to________

建议4:

Inaddition,_______arehighlyhoped/expected/well-advisedto__________.

☆万能建议5:

Lastly,________shouldeducate,advocateandencourage____________________________(not)to______________.

展望未来1:

Onlybydoingso/Onlythroughthesemeasures,canwe__________________________.(慎用)

☆展望未来2:

Ifwetryourutmosttodoso,thefutureof____willbepromising/hopeful/rosy.或者Sparingnoeffortstodoso,wecanwitnessahopefulandpromisingfutureof________.

展望未来:

Dobearinmind:

no__________,no______________.

3.5观点段(利弊)

(支持方观点=利;

反方观点=弊;

我的观点)

支持方观点(利)

支持方主题句1:

Comparedwith______,______issuperiorinseveralways.

☆支持方主题句2:

Anumberofindividualsfavor/prefer_____becauseofits/theirbenefits.

支持方主题句3:

Thosewhoareinfavorof____claimthat_____ischaracterizedbyalotadvantages.

☆支持方观点(利)1:

Intheireyes,without________,itisimpossibleforthemto___________.

☆支持方观点(利)2:

Inaddition,itis______thathelps/enables_____toexpand/strengthen/enjoy/enrich/attract_____________.

☆支持方观点(利)3:

Asa_____,_______bringsus_____,arousesourenthusiasmfor_______,andhelpsusto____________..

支持方观点(利)4:

Intheiropinion,_____willdefinitelypromotethedevelopment/efficiencyof_____,whichotherwisewouldbeimpossible.

支持方观点(利)5:

Anotherevidentadvantage/merit/strength/benefitisthat____mayoffer/provide/bringentertainment/pleasure/anenjoyablelife.

反方观点(弊)(三句=主题句+反方观点1+反方观点2)

Evenso,othersholdadifferentviewthat____carriessomerisks/doubts.

Others,however,regarditdifferently.

Advantageous/beneficial/rewarding/good/popularasitis,othershaveanoppositeperspective.

Inspiteofalltheseclaims,othersmaintainthatitisunnecessaryto____

反对本质:

危害分析。

因此,分析弊与分析危害可互用。

反方观点(弊)1:

Firstandforemost,_________meansagreatamountoftime,moneyandenergy;

therefore,_____maybedisturbed.

☆反方观点(弊)2:

First,____means/callsforplentyof/certaintime,energyandmoney;

nonetheless/however,theresult/quality/realityof_____isnotalwaysassatisfactoryasexpected.

☆反方观点(弊)3:

Inaddition,whatworriesmanyparents/teachersisthat_____________________________

我的观点=我的观点(支持、反对或折中)+理由+展望未来

☆我的观点1:

Byandlarge/Toconclude,theadvantagesderivedfrom_______faroutweighthedisadvantages.

我的观点2:

T

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