作文讲义修订版Word文件下载.docx

1、相关词（如：题目online shopping 的相关词可以是：Internet, shopping websites, customers, online stores, goods） 4）. 代词替换：某群体those with/ people who 如：拥有博士学位的人群 those with doctoral degrees/ people who have doctoral degreesb. 深度：弃用第一反应词。2.2句子写作a.造句原则：1） 切忌逐字翻译；2）汉语意思英文结构b.造句基础：1）简单句：主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补 2）并列句：and/ or/ w

2、hile/ but 3）复合句：名词从句、定语从句、状语从句 备注：三种基本句式变体为：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句等c.如何写正确？三个事项： 1）词性；2）单复数；3）动词（时态、语态、语气）2.1 写作翻译常用句式：For CET-41）被动2）名词从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句3）定语从句：写作步骤：1）先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分（中心名词） 2）在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when4）含同位语句式：1）人身份；Eg. I am convinced that As a college student

3、, I am convinced that 2）物性质: A strong will brings us power As a vital quality, a strong will brings us5）it 句式：形式主语1）it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do 形式宾语2）sb find/ notice it difficult to do 6）there be:7）强调句：1）强调谓语：I love you. - I do love you. / I did love you. 2） 强调句式：It is +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分8）（半）倒

4、装：1）表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装（一般疑问句语序）；Eg. I will never agree. Never will I agree. 2）Only +状语位于句首，主句半倒装When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness. Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness. 3） As/though倒装形式Although ZYK is a girl, she is called brothe

5、r Zeng. Girl as ZYK is, she is called brother Zeng. 4）平衡结构性倒装：如图表作文首句：Given is a chart which clearly illustrates the striking contrast/ relation between _ and _. 9）双重否定：用于强调: no _ is / are more _ than _. The importance of _ can not be too emphasized. 10）Ving 状语：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcas

6、e. I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase. Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase. For CET-6:11）with 结构：with+n/pron+adj /ed /ving/ prep a前面有逗号，与整个句子隔开：充当整个句子状语成分b前面无逗号，直接用在名词后：充当前面名词定语成分12） 插入语：第三章 段落及篇章写作a. 六种功能段落及篇章写作思路（四级考试作文一般写三段，每一段完成题目中的一项或两项“内容要求”，篇章层面为六种功能段落的排列组合）b. 现象、危害、原因、建议、观点（利弊）、意义段写作

7、逻辑：“一个中心，四个基本点”：3.1现象描述现象段：_（引出问题+具体描述/看法理解+总结问题）=主题句+具体现象1）引出问题：首句1. On many campuses/ In contemporary society/Nowadays, it has become a （prevalent） trend/tendency for _to _. 首句2.（背景） Living in an era of knowledge/ fierce competition, _doctors and masters have more access to job opportunities. （201

8、2-12真题）首句3. In recent years, （it can be noticed that） _than （ever） before. （比较级引出问题）首句4：In China, _ has/ have gained great/wide popularity among _. 或：In China, _ has been enjoying growing popularity and it is of great importance. 首句5：（背景）The past years /decades have seen the huge/speedy advancement/

9、 development of _. 首句6：Given is an interesting but thought-provoking cartoon: _. 2）具体描述：二句1：（事实描述：相关人+感受）Meanwhile, an increasing number of individuals/people find it difficult/ hard/ troublesome to _. An increasing number of: find- deem/ regard 负面：difficult正面：convenient/ comfortable/ inexpensive/ n

10、atural / necessary二句2：（举例描述1）A case in point is /A typical example is/This phenomenon can be best illustrated by the fact that . （举例描述2）Turning/Taking a look around/at_, we can notice/find a great many/plenty of/a good deal of examples like this: 两个例子. 二句3：（举例描述3）：Our daily life has been filled with

11、 a variety of examples, （but the following will suffice:） _.二句4：（调查法描述：）（According to a recent survey,） a majority/72.34% of people/ students /individuals /citizens /residents admit/reckon /acknowledge that _.二句5：（看法理解）：Obviously, this carton/saying can be naturally associated with the significance

12、of_:3）总结问题：承上+启下（如字数已够，可以不写）三句1：（承上）Thus/Therefore/Hence, （启下）how to _ effectively has become a matter of concern.三句2：（承上）As a result/ Consequently/ Accordingly，（启下）_ requires/ necessitates/ calls for close attention of the whole society.三句3: （承上） So, （启下1）due attention should be paid to _/ （或）we sh

13、ould keep a close eye on _.3.2分析危害危害段：（弊）=主题句+危害1+危害2+总结主题句1：If we keep turning a blind eye, this trend is bound to generate/ result in/lead to serious effects.主题句2: Apparently enough, there are some negative impacts which we should not ignore/neglect. 主题句3：Quite obviously, it is of great necessity

14、to figure out the negative influences （behind it）. 主题句4：To tackle this problem, it is of great/vital significance to analyze the potential negative impacts of this matter. 具体危害写法危害1：To begin with, _ may damage/ hurt/ injure/ harm/ impair/ undermine the over-all /sustainable development of _, （becaus

15、e_）. 危害2：Moreover, （强调句式） it is _ that does/do not enable _to build up / expand /enjoy_.危害3：This trend is particularly worth concern for the background that _ may focus much eyesight on _, ignoring the significance of _. 危害4：Besides, （it can be argued that） _ means/equals a grave amount of time/ener

16、gy/natural resources; （however, _ is definitely valuable/ limited）. 危害5：As a matter of fact, _in mounting/ large numbers have ignored the significance /necessity of _万能危害总结1：And if we let this situation continue as it is, we will not know where _ will be in the forthcoming future. 危害总结2：To conclude,

17、 it is undeniable that the bad impacts of _ can never be turned a blind eye to. 3.3分析原因原因段=主题句+原因1+原因2+总结主题句1：Generally speaking, several reasons can account for this phenomenon. （中性话题）主题句2：In general, there are several factors contributing to this phenomenon （, but the following may be the most cri

18、tical）.（中性话题）It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon are diverse/ various. To solve/deal with this worrying/disturbing issue, it is of vital significance to explore / investigate the possible reasons.原因1：In the first place, _ is the root cause. A good case in point is that _/（According to a

19、 survey）, a majority of _ admit that _. （原因+例子/或调查法描述）原因2：In the second place, _ constitutes another major cause. Specifically/To be specific, _. （原因+具体说明:即现象描述）.万能原因3：（强调句式）Then, it is _ that makes /attracts/ enables _ to _.万能原因4：As a matter of fact, _in mounting/ large numbers have （not） come to r

20、ealize the significance /necessity of _（for _）原因总结1：As a consequence, _ pay relatively less（more） attention to _.原因总结2：Consequently, _ has （not） been emphasized. 3.4 建议措施建议段=总结句+建议1+建议2+展望总结句1: In view of the seriousness of the situation, effective measures should be taken （before things get worse）.

21、 总结句2：Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly, it is high time that we took feasible steps （to stop/ limit/ restrain this trend）. 总结句3：In fact, peoples/our ways to _ do vary/differ.（替换：1. As a _, I am convinced that there are various ways in which _. 或2. It is apparent that ways to _ are various.）Some _; s

22、ome _; some others _. 建议1：First, it is essential that regulations should be worked out and enforced to ban/ forbid/ support/ guide _.建议2：Second, it is suggested that the public should enhance/ promote/ cultivate/ strengthen their awareness of _.建议3：Then, it is （not） advisable/ significant for _ to _

23、建议4：In addition, _ are highly hoped/ expected/ well-advised to _.万能建议5：Lastly, _should educate, advocate and encourage _ （not） to _.展望未来1：Only by doing so/ Only through these measures, can we _.（慎用）展望未来2：If we try our utmost to do so, the future of _ will be promising/ hopeful/ rosy. 或者Sparing no ef

24、forts to do so, we can witness a hopeful and promising future of _. 展望未来：Do bear in mind: no _, no _. 3.5 观点段（利弊）（支持方观点=利；反方观点=弊；我的观点）支持方观点（利）支持方主题句1：Compared with _, _ is superior in several ways. 支持方主题句2：A number of individuals favor /prefer_ because of its/their benefits. 支持方主题句3：Those who are in

25、 favor of _ claim that _is characterized by a lot advantages. 支持方观点（利）1：In their eyes, without _, it is impossible for them to _.支持方观点（利）2: In addition, it is_that helps/ enables _ to expand/ strengthen / enjoy / enrich / attract _. 支持方观点（利）3: As a _, _ brings us _, arouses our enthusiasm for _, and

26、 helps us to _. .支持方观点（利）4：In their opinion, _ will definitely promote the development/efficiency of _, which otherwise would be impossible.支持方观点（利）5：Another evident advantage/ merit/ strength/ benefit is that _ may offer /provide/bring entertainment/ pleasure/ an enjoyable life. 反方观点（弊）（三句=主题句+反方观点

27、1+反方观点2）Even so, others hold a different view that _ carries some risks/doubts. Others, however, regard it differently. Advantageous/beneficial/rewarding/good/popular as it is, others have an opposite perspective. In spite of all these claims, others maintain that it is unnecessary to _反对本质：危害分析。因此，

28、分析弊与分析危害可互用。反方观点（弊）1：First and foremost, _ means a great amount of time, money and energy; therefore, _ may be disturbed.反方观点（弊）2：First, _ means/calls for plenty of/ certain time, energy and money; nonetheless/however, the result/quality/ reality of _is not always as satisfactory as expected. 反方观点（弊）3：In addition, what worries many parents/teachers is that _我的观点 =我的观点（支持、反对或折中）+理由+展望未来我的观点1：By and large/To conclude, the advantages derived from _ far outweigh the disadvantages.我的观点2：T