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要练说,先练胆。
说话胆小是幼儿语言发展的障碍。
不少幼儿当众说话时显得胆怯:
有的结巴重复,面红耳赤;
有的声音极低,自讲自听;
有的低头不语,扯衣服,扭身子。
总之,说话时外部表现不自然。
我抓住练胆这个关键,面向全体,偏向差生。
一是和幼儿建立和谐的语言交流关系。
每当和幼儿讲话时,我总是笑脸相迎,声音亲切,动作亲昵,消除幼儿畏惧心理,让他能主动的、无拘无束地和我交谈。
二是注重培养幼儿敢于当众说话的习惯。
或在课堂教学中,改变过去老师讲学生听的传统的教学模式,取消了先举手后发言的约束,多采取自由讨论和谈话的形式,给每个幼儿较多的当众说话的机会,培养幼儿爱说话敢说话的兴趣,对一些说话有困难的幼儿,我总是认真地耐心地听,热情地帮助和鼓励他把话说完、说好,增强其说话的勇气和把话说好的信心。
三是要提明确的说话要求,在说话训练中不断提高,我要求每个幼儿在说话时要仪态大方,口齿清楚,声音响亮,学会用眼神。
对说得好的幼儿,即使是某一方面,我都抓住教育,提出表扬,并要其他幼儿模仿。
长期坚持,不断训练,幼儿说话胆量也在不断提高。
thepatriot
by
robertrodat
march26,2019
fadein:
ext.theswampsofsouthcarolina-night
dark.ominous.kudzuhangsfromtheswampsmaples.a
darkandforbiddingplace.abirdcrieseerilyinthe
darkness.insectshumominously.
superimposition:
frenchandindianwar
adetachmentoffrenchsoldierswithseveralwagonsmakes
it'
swayalongamuddyroadcutthroughtheswamp.the
soldiersarewary,scanningtheunderbrush,weaponsready.
intheswamp,paralleltotheroad,shadowedfigures,
hiddenamongthebrush,silentlytrackthefrench
soldiers.
astheleadwagonrollsoveramuddypuddle,straddling
it,amud-coveredfigure,reachesup,grabsthewagon'
s
undercarriage,pullsitselfupandclings,unseentothe
undersideofthewagon.thefigure,obscuredbythemud,
barelylookshuman.
astheotherwagonsrolloverothermuddydepressionsin
theroad,threemoremud-coveredfiguresreachup,grab
andclingtotheundersideofotherwagons.
fortcharles
thegatesareopened.therelievedfrenchsoldiers
quickentheirpaceandhurryintotherelativesafetyof
thefort.inthefortyardthewearydetachment
disperses.
undertheleadwagon
thefirstdark,mud-coveredfiguresilentlydropstothe
groundanddrawsadistinctivetomahawkfromhisbeltas
theotherfiguresdropfromtheotherwagons.
thefigurescrawlthroughtheshadowstowardthesentries
whoareclosingthemaingates.theyspring...thelead
figuredashesforward,raiseshistomahawkandhacksdown
ataterrifiedfrenchsentry...
theothermuddyfiguresjointheattack...stiflingthe
screamsofthefrenchsoldierswithviciousknife
slashes...gainingpreciousseconds...
afrenchsoldiercriesout...soundingthealarm...other
frenchsoldierscomerunningoutofthedarkness...
thefourmuddyfigures,makeastandatthegate,brutally
killingthefrenchsoldiersastheycome,holdingthe
gatesopenas...
dozensofothermuddyfiguresraceoutofthesurrounding
swamp,tearingthroughthefortgates,joiningthe
slaughter...
theleadfigure,hacks,againandagainwithhis
tomahawk...
bloodandfleshcoverhisarmastheviciousbladerises
andfallsamidthescreamsinthedarkness...
dissolveto:
ext.southcarolinacountryside-day
beautifulsunlight.aerialshotofapostridergalloping
alongaroadthroughpeacefuluntamedwoodlands.soaring
old-growthelmsarchoverriversidemaplesalongthe
shoresofthegentlycurving,deep-watersanteeriver.
southcarolina
april,1776
thepostriderridesalongaraisedswamproad.oneither
sideoftheroad,gorgeousshaftsofsunlightpiercethe
canopyfallingontosoft,swayingfernsthatcoverthe
highgrounds.hundredsofbirdssing.thewateris
clear,withfieldsoffloatinglilypads,eachwitha
starkwhiteflowerrisingfromit.
ext.freshwaterplantation-day
thepostriderapproachesaplantationbuiltbetweenthe
banksoftheriverandthedeepgreenoftheswamps,
passingacresofperfectlytendedricepaddies.twothreeadultmaleafricanfreedmen,joshua,jonah,mica,
plantingrice.theylookupfromtheirworkastherider
passes.nathanandsamueltakeoffrunningafterthepost
rider.
thehouse
thepostriderapproachesthehouse,builtofnative
brick,well-constructedandwell-maintained.there'
sa
barn,aworkshopandaforge.itisahomeofsubstance
ratherthanwealth.onthefrontporch,margaret,11,
pumpsabutterchurnwhileherbrother,william,6,
watches.theyseethepostrider.margaretexcitedly
runsofftowardtheworkshopwhilewilliamstaresatthe
approachingriderwhoistrailedbynathanandsamuel.
int.workshop-day
aperfectcolonialworkshop,fastidiouslyarrangedwith
everyconceivabletooloftheperiod.afoot-powered
lathe.adrop-forge.aliftingsaw.racksoftools,
planes,hammers,augers,drills,blocks,allhangingin
theirplaces.allverywell-worn.
benjaminmartinmethodicallyworkshislathe,turninga
pieceofhardwood,shavingofftinycurlsofwoodwitha
razor-sharpchisel.he'
sinhislate-forties,strongand
weathered.hishands,thoughbigandcallused,handlethe
chiselwithasurgeon'
sprecision.self-educatedand
self-sufficient,hehasbuilthimself,ashebuilthis
farm,brickbybrick,fromthecoarseclayoftheearth.
afinely-maderockingchair,missingonlythedowelon
whichmartinisworking,sitsontheworktable.the
chairisaworkofart,thinandlight,aspider-webof
perfectlyturnedwood,nonails,noglue.sittingonthe
woodpile,susan,4,asilent,stone-facewispofachild,
watchesherfather.margaretracesin.
margaret
father!
apostrider!
martinpointedlycontinueshisworkwithoutlookingup.
martin
verywell.
margaretwaits,then,seeingthatherfatherisn'
tgoing
tocome,sheturnsandracesout.
thepostriderridesuptothehouse.abigaleandabner,
amiddle-agedafricancouple,stepout.abigalecallsout
tonathanandsamuelastheyrunupbreathlessly.
abigale
yougotellyourfather,therea
postrider.
theyracetowardtheworkshop,passinganexcited
margaret.
martincalmlytakesthepieceofwoodoutofthelathe,
carefullyfitsitintothechair,insertsapegandtaps
itintoplace.thenhestepsbackandappraiseshis
handiwork.hepicksupthechairandhooksthetoprail
toascale,counteringwithathree-poundweight.the
chairfloats.martinblowssoftlyontheweightwhich
sinks.susannods,sofar,sogood.nathanandsamuel
burstintotheroom.
nathan
samuel
mail!
martinnods,keepinghisattentiononthechair.
theboyswaitformore.nothing.theyraceout.
gabriel,18,strongandhandsome,walksoutofthewoods
withamusketinhishandandadozengame-birdsoverhis
shoulder.athissidewalksthomas,14,alsocarryinga
musket.theyseethepostridergivingthemailto
abigalewiththeotherchildrenexcitedlywatch.thomas
runsover.gabrielrestrainshimselfandstridestoward
theworkshop.
martintakesthechairoffthescaleandputsitonthe
floor.hewalksslowlyaroundit,checkingeveryangle.
hetakesadeepbreathandstartstositdownbutstopsas
gabrielenters.
gabriel
father,apostrider.
iknow.
gabrielwaitsformartintosharehisexcitement.he
doesn'
t.
mayibringittoyou?
martinpointedlykeepshisattentiononthechair.
no.
mayiopenit?
martinturnswithasurprisedandauthoritarianglare.
uh...icanwait.
gabrielleaves.martinexchangesalookwithsusan,then
turnsbacktothechair.hetakesadeepbreathand
lowershimselfontotheseat,gingerlyaddinganounceat
atime.notacreak.hesmilesandsitsbackwitha
sigh.
crack!
thechairsplintersundermartin'
sweight,dumping
himonhisassonapileofbrokenwood.
damnation!
hepicksupsomeofthewood,abouttoflingitacrossthe
roombutstopsassusanshootshimadisapprovinglook.
hecalmshimself.
sorry.
susangetsdownfromthewoodpileandputstheremainsof
thechairinthefireplace.martinstepsovertohiswood
rackandextractsafreshdowel.assusanclimbsbackup
toherperch,martinfitsthedowelintothelatheand
startsitup.
themailsits,unopened,onthehalltable.margaret,
william,nathan,samuel,thomasandgabrielhover.
abigalebustlesinandshoosthemaway.
yougetawayfromthere,now.
that'
snotyourmail.youwashup
forsupper...youleavethat
alone...
thechildrenreluctantlyfollowherorders,leavingthe
unopenedmailonthetable.
ext.hilltop-freshwaterfarm-sunset
theloveliestspotonthefarm.abeautifulviewofthe
house,barns,river,fieldsandhillsbeyond.a
gravestonestandsintheshadeofasoaringoaktree
coveredwithspanishmoss.itreads:
elizabethputnammartin1738-1773
aboveher