英国文学史文档格式.docx

英国文学史文档格式.docx

《英国文学史文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英国文学史文档格式.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

conversation,twopartswhichthefirstcontainsadiscussiononthesocialconditionsofEnglandandtheseconddescribedanidealcommunistsociety,Utopia.

Utopiaisapunmeaningbothgoodplaceand“noplace”

EdmundSpencer（c.1552-99）,

Courtpoet,“thePoets’Poet”

TheShepherd’sCalendar1579

TheFaerieQueene1580

Amoretti1594

FaerieQueene:

dedicatedtoQueenElizabethI

Specialverseformthatconsistsofeightiambichexameterfollowedbyaninthlineofsixiambicfeet,withtherhymeschemeababbcbcc,ThisformhassincebeencalledtheSpenserianStanza.

ChristophorMarlowe（1564-1593）

TheJewofMalta

TamburlainetheGreat

DoctorFaustus（orTheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus）

ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove

CharacteristicsofHisDrama:

thepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsmedievaldogmasandlaw,andtheconvictionoftheboundlesspossibilityofhumaneffortsinconqueringtheuniverse.Man’sreasonandpoweriseverything.Thisistheprogressivesideoftheyoungbourgeoisideal.Ithasplayeditspartinpushinghumansocietyastepforward.

However,theheroesinMarlowe’splaysaremerelyindividualist,Theirindividualisticambitionoftenbringsruinstotheworldandtothemselves.

Commentsontheauthor:

MarlowewasthegreatestofpioneersofEnglishdrama.HereformedtheEnglishdramaandperfectedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks.ItisMarlowewhofirstmadeBlankVersetheprincipalinstrumentofEnglishdrama.

WillamShakespeare（1564-1616）

38play,2narrativepoems:

Venus,theRapeofLucrece,154sonnet

1stperiodupto1594:

oneofexperimentation

TheComedyofErrors,TheTamingoftheShrew,Love’sLabor’sLost

Comedy:

RomeoandJuliet

2ndperiod（1594-1600）:

stylebecamehighlyindividualized.

Plays:

KingJohn,RichardII,HenryIV,andHenryV

Comedies:

TheMerchantofVenice,AMidsummerNigh’sDream,Asyoulikeit,TwelfthNight,TheMerryWivesofWindsor.

3rdperiod1601-1607,thepeakofhiscreation

MajorWorks:

Hamlet,KingLear,Macbeth,Othello,MeasureforMeasure,All’sWellThatEndsWell

4thperiod1608-1613,principalromantictragicomedies.

Cymbeline,Tempest,Winter’sTale,（Theyreflectsachangeinfashioninthedramaoftheperiod

Fourgreattragedies:

Evilandthecorruptionofman’sheartbyevil.

Hamlet:

fightingagainsttheoutsideevil;

Othello:

anoutwardevilcausesaman’sfall;

KingLear:

man’smistakessetfreetheevils;

Macbeth:

anoutwardevildestroysahero.

Fourgreatcomedies:

TheMerchantinVenice

TwelfthNight

AsYouLikeIt

AMidsummerNight’sDream.

FrancisBacon（1561-1626）

Thephilosophicalworks:

TheAdvancementofLearning

TheNewInstrument

Literaryworks（Essays）

OfStudies,

OfTruth

OfWisdom

WritingStyleofBacon’sEssays:

Havingaliterarystylepeculiartotheirown,theyarenotedforheirclearness,brevityandforceofexpression.

Threeprominentqualities:

directness,terseness（精炼）,forcefulness

17世纪

JohnMilton（1608-1674）（thePuritan）

ThegreatestEnglishpoetafterShakespeare

Works:

Homeperiod（1644-1649）:

L’Allegro

Lycidas

Comus

PoliticalPeriod（1649-1660）:

Politicalperiod

Areopagitica

Eikonoklastes

DefensefortheEnglishPeople

Blindperiod（1660-1674）:

ParadiseLost

ParadiseRegained

Samson

Sonnet:

Onhisblindness

Epics:

1.ParadiseLost

2.ParadiseRegained

3.SamsonAgonists

ThreeMajorWesternPoetry:

ParadiseLost,Homer’sEpic,DivinaCommedia

ParadiseLost

Source:

theOldTestamentoftheBible

12-bookepicinblankverse,iambicpentameterwithoutendrhyme

Style:

grand,dignified,loftyandmelodic

theheroicrevoltagainstGod’sauthority

ImageofSatan:

Realheroofthepoem,firmerthantherestoftheangels,invicibleheart,remainssuperiorinnobilityandwelcomeshisdefeatandhistormentsasaglory,alibertyandajoy.SpiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod,MiltonmakesSatanashisownmouthpiece

Milton’sLiteratureImportance:

1.GreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetfthe17thcentury

2.WrotethegreatestepicinEnglishLiterature

3.Masteroftheblankverse（firstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks）

4.Greatstylist,famousforhisgrandstyle

JohnBunyan（1628-1688）（thePuritan）

GraceAbounding

TheLifeandDeathofMr.Badman

TheHolyWar

ThePilgrim’sProgress:

areligiousman’spilgrimageinsearchofsalvation,andgivesatruthfulpictureofEnglishsociety

religiousallegory

Throughtheallegory,itscharactersimpressthereaderlikerealperson.

“VanityFair”isaremarkablepassagewhichisanepitomeoftheEnglishsocietyaftertheRestoration

Deephatredofboththekingandhisgovernment

LanguagestyleischieflyplainandcolloquialandquitemodernincomparisonwiththatofthewritersoftheRenaissance,hislanguageisclear,vivid,natural,homelyfluent,musicalandpowerful.

JohnDonne（1572-1631）（theMetaphysical）

“ThefounderofMetaphysicalpoetry“

SongsandSonnets（loveisthebasictheme,heholdsthatthenatureofloveistheunionofsoulandbody）

TheElegies

TheFirstandSecondAnniversaries

HolySonnets

DevotionsuponEmergentOccasions

Donne’spoetry:

Awiderangeofsecularandreligioussubjects,whichischaracterizedbythefollowing:

1useofconceits

2complicatedreasoning

3suggestionsofsensualandphysicallove

DeathbenotProud

explaintheoverviewthatpeoplearenotafraidofdyingandthereisnousetothreatenthemwithdeath.Itdisplaytheoptimisticattitudetotheessenceofdeathandthenewexplanationofeternitylife.

Meter:

iambicpentameter

Rhymescheme:

abbaabbacddcee

Rhetoricdevices:

personification,paradox

JohnDryden（1631-1700）（theCavalier）

“fatherofEnglishCriticism”

Works:

Allforlove

Alexander’sFeast

AnEssayofDramaticPoesy

InithediscussestheworksofthegreatplaywrightsofGreeceandRome,theEnglishRenaissance,andcontemporaryFrance.

18世纪启蒙时期（1688-1798）（theAgeofReason）

Revivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism

Anageofproseratherthanofpoetry

1.Neo-classicism

2.Sentimentalism

3.Modernnovel

4.Pre-Romanticism

5.Drama

AlexanderPope（1688-1744）

Theearlyperiodofthe18thcenturyhasoftenbeennamedafterhimas“TheAgeofPope”

TheEssayonCriticism（1711）apoemwritteninheroiccoupletsoutliningcriticaltastesandstandards

TheRapeoftheLock（1714）,amock-heroicpoemridiculingthefashionableworldofhisday

EssayonMan

TheDunciad

FeaturesandLimitation

Amasterofheroiccouplet,

Lackslyricalgift,artificialandobscure

JosephAddisonandRichardSteele

TheTatler

TheSpectator:

SirRogerdeCoverley（countrygentry）,SirAndrewFreeport（Commerce）,CaptainSentry（thearmy）,andWillHoneycomb（thetownfolks）

Contribution:

provideanewcodeofsocialmoralityfortherisingbourgeoisie.

GiveatruepictureofthesociallifeofEnglandinthe18thcentury

Englishessayhascompletelyestablisheditselfasaliteraturegenre.

ModernEnglishnovelbeganinthe18thcentury

DanielDefoe（1660-1731）

AjournalofthePlague

ThelifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（1719）

CaptainSingleton

MollFlanders

ColonelJacque

RobinsonCrusoe:

isbasedontheexperienceofAlexanderSelkirk,

Twoparts

infirstpersonsingular

JonathanSwift（1667-1745）

MajorWorks

ATaleofaTub（1697）

TheBattleoftheBooks1698

TheDrapier’sLetters1724

Gulliver’sTravel1726

AModestProposal1729

Gulliverpart1:

satirizetheToriesandWhigsinEngland

Gulliverpart2:

themeaccusedtheEnglishcorruptpoliticsandjingoismthroughthekingswordsinBrobdingnag.

Gulliverpart3:

Thetheme:

satirizedtheivory-toweredresearchworkofEnglishphilosophersandprojectorsthroughdescriptionoftheprojectsintheflyingisland.

GulliverPart4:

thetheme:

Whatonearthishumanbeing?

（thesatireisofthebitterest）

HenryFielding（1707-1754）

FatherofEnglishNovel,FounderofEnglishRealisticNovel

TheHistoryofTomJones,aFounding:

Awholegalleryof40charactersappearinthenovel,whichmarkagreatachievementinEnglishrealisticliterature.

JosephAndrews

TheHistoryofJonathanWildtheGreat

WritingStyle

1.Directly

2.Satire

3.Educationalfunction

Achievement

1.Setupthetheoryofrealisminliterarycreation.

2.Mancentralized

3.Reproducehumannaturefaithfulandaccurately

SamuelRichardson（1689-1761）

Pamela

ClarissaHarlowe

LawrenceSterne（1713-1768）

TheLifeandOpinionsofTristramShandy

TobiasSmollett（1721-1771）

TheAdventuresofRoderickRandom

ThomasGray

ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard

abab（thefirstlinerhymeswiththirdline,andthesecondlinerhymeswiththefourthline）