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英国文学史资料
英国文学史资料
BritishWritersandWorks
I.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges
贝奥武夫:
thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons
Epic:
longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.
e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey
Artisticfeatures:
1.Usingalliteration
Definitionofalliteration:
arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）
SomeexamplesonP5
2.Usingmetaphorandunderstatement
Definitionofunderstatement:
expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideas
GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340（?
）~1400
（首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
）
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
①坎特伯雷故事集：
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’（双韵体）bymiddleEnglish
②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③声誉之宫
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance（传奇故事）
Famousthree：
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
IITheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
） The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey
① 仙后（for Queen Elizabeth）
The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.
2. Thomasl More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
①乌托邦n
3. Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.n
Writing style:
brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.
①学术的推进
②随笔（famous quotas:
）n
The theme of Of Studies:
uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
①
②狐狸
5. Christopherl Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。
）
Blank verse:
written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
①浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）
②帖木耳大帝n
③马耳他的犹太人
6. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616l
① Historical plays:
Henry VI ; Henry IV :
Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII
②Four Comedies:
皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人
③Four Tragedies:
哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白
④Shakespeare Sonnet :
154
Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
III The 17th Century
1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写 《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
）
①Epics:
失乐园n
复乐园
②Dramatic poem:
< Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
③ 论出版自由n
为英国人民声辩
④ 我的失明
This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.
Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.
2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
）
Puritan poet（清教徒派诗人）
①Religionary Allegory:
天路历程n
3. John Donne
the Metaphysical poet（玄学派诗人）.
Metaphysical Poetry（玄学诗）：
（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, （形式）the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：
love, religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2. syllogism三段论
① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
② Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction:
IV The 18th Century
A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion（抑制情感） and accuracy
The Age of Enlightenment/Reason:
the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason（rationality）, equality&science（the 18th century）
小说崛起：
In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised（realistic novel现实主义小说）
Gothic novel（哥特式小说）：
mystery, horror, castles（from middle part to the end of century）
1. Alexanderl Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
）
One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.
①批评论n
Artistic features:
1.Using “heroic couplets”
② 卷发遇劫记
③ 道德论
人论n
愚人记
2. Samuell Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary =英语大词典n
3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。
）
① 格列佛游记（fictional work）
Four parts:
Lilliput 小人国
Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛
Houyhnhnm 马岛
一个小小的建议n
② 书战
③ 木桶的故事n
④ 一个麻布商的书信
4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.
① 鲁宾逊漂流记
It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.
②
③
④
5. Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。
）
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”（散文体史诗）, and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
① novels:
弃婴汤姆•琼斯
约瑟夫•安德鲁
大诗人江奈生•威尔德
爱米利亚n
② plays:
一七三六年历史记事
堂吉柯德在英国n
6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
① poems:
旅游人
荒村
② novel:
威克菲尔德牧师传n
7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
① 情敌n
② 造谣学校
8. William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
① 天真之歌
A happy and innocent world from children’s eye.
② 经验之歌
A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③ 天堂与地狱的婚姻n
9. Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
① 约翰•安德生，我的爱人
② 一朵红红的玫瑰n
③ 往昔时光
④ 不管那一套n
⑤ 我的心在那高原上
⑥
⑦
V The Romantic Period
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death.
Romanticism:
It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.（人应该是独立自由的个体）
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen （realistic） and Walter Scott （romantic）.
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
The Lake Poets）
① 抒情歌谣集（with Samuel Taylor Coleridge）
②
Theme:
1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.
Comment:
The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils（水仙） and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
② 序曲
2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
① 古舟子颂
② 柯里斯塔贝尔
③
升级会员 