College English 43大学英语精读第四册Word文件下载.docx
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somedayorother（未来）某一天;
（in）somewayorother（以）某种方法;
Hewenttosomeplaceorother.他去了某个地方.
preface（to）:
introduction（to）（文章或书的）序言;
引言
SaintJoan“圣女贞德”
BernardShaw肖伯纳（Englishdramatist）
remark（v.&
n.）:
say;
comment
gullible（adj.）:
credulous易轻信的;
易受骗的
gull（vt.）:
cheat;
deceivee.g.:
Gull（=deceive/cheat）afooloutofhismoney骗取傻子的钱
gull（n.）:
apersonwhoiseasilydeceived易受欺骗的人
superstitious（adj.）迷信的superstition（U）
theMiddleAges（欧洲）中世纪
credulity（U）易轻信;
易受骗credulous（adj.）
incredulity（U）;
incredulous（adj.）=unbelievable
cite（vt.）引用,引证
e.g.:
Thelawyercitedapreviouscasetosupporthisargument.
average（=ordinary）man普通人
advance:
putforth;
putorbringforward提出
Maryistooshytoadvanceheropinionatthemeeting.
notasingle（强调否定）一个也没有
…canadvancenotasinglereason提不出任何一个理由
Therewasn’tasingleboatonthelake.
merely=onlynotmerely（=notonly）…butalso
swallow（up）:
eatupwithoutbiting;
believeorabsorbwithoutthinkingorreasoning
ItrustedhersomuchthatIcouldhaveswallowedanystoryshetoldme.
appealto:
beattractiveorinterestingto迎合,引起…的兴趣
Koreafilmsalwaysappealtoyoungpeople.
a）appealtothecourt（向法院起诉）
b）appealtohistory（引证历史）
c）appealtothepublic（向大众呼吁）
d）appealtoforce（求助于武力）
mentality（U）:
wayofthinking思维方式
thetwentieth-centurymentality二十世纪的思维方式
exaggerate（vi.&
vt.）:
overstate夸张,夸大其词
Behonest,anddon’texaggerateyoursalesachievement.
…somethingin:
sometruthorvaluein有些对或道理
Thereissomething/nothing/everythinginyouranswer.
Pattern:
beworth+动名词（主动）表示被动含意
Thebookisworth/deserves/meritsreadingtwice.
followup:
study,investigate,findoutmoreabout探究,探讨
Theyfollowupthematteruntiltheygotresults.
forthesakeof=for…’ssake
Oneshouldneverdowrongforthesakeofmoney（=formoney’ssake）.
throwlighton:
explain;
make（asituation）clearer解释,阐明
1.Thenewfactsthrowsomelighton/uponthematter.
2.Noonecouldsayhowthemagician（魔术师）wasabletopullarabbitoutofhishatuntilhelaterthrewlightonhistricks.
speakof提及,谈论andsoforth=andsoon等等
ocular（adj.）:
of,for,bytheeyesocularproof目睹证据=witness=evidencebasedonseeing=evidenceonthespot
not…but…不是…而是:
Heisnotalawyerbutadoctor.
Iamnotspeakingof…but（Iamspeaking）of
Lines14-27
Note:
asfor只能用在句首asto既可用在句首,又可用在句中
1.Asfor（Asto）hisfather,Idon’tknowhimatall
2.Iamindoubtastohisnationality./Nothingastohispastisknown.
theFlatEarththeory地平说
refute（vt.）:
prove（sb）tobemistakenor（astatement）tobeuntrue驳斥,证实…错误
seashore:
seaside,beachmast船桅funnel:
chimney烟囱
visible（adj.）---invisible（adj.）
invisibleship:
shipwhichisoutofthesight
invisibletrade:
exchangeofservices（formoney）inbusinesstrade无形贸易
visibletrade:
importorexport/exchangeofphysicalgoods有形贸易
passingalongthehorizon在地平线上航行
horizontal（analysis）横向分析---vertical（analysis）纵向分析
phenomenon现象（单数）phenomena（复数）
assume:
suppose假定,假设以为
beexplainedbyassuming用假设解释
curved（adj.）:
bending曲线的,弯曲的acurvedline曲线
spherical（adj.）:
shapedlikeaball球状的,球形的
earthsphere地球仪
follow（vi.）因为（由…推断）
Itfollows+from+n.+that…由此而断定（而推断）
Fromthiswitnessitfollowsthathemustbeguilty.
Itdoesnotfollowthat…不能由此而断定（而推断）
Becauseheiskind,itdoesnotfollowthatheiswise.
theOval（卵形,椭圆形）Earththeory地球卵形说
claim+that…:
claimtobe…声称,断言
beshapedlike…:
形状象…Theflowerisshapedlikeabird.
WhatcanIsayagainst（=refute）it?
playcards打牌playthefirstcard打出第一张牌:
Thefigureofspeech（修辞）isoftenusedbysomeonepresentinganargumentpointbypoint.
…thefirstcardIcanplay:
…thefirstpointIcanmaketosupportmyargument
playthefirstcardagainststh针对某事打出第一张牌
…theanalogy（类比,类推）ofthesunandmoon:
theactofcomparingtheearthtothesunandmoon
byanalogywith,ontheanalogyof:
依…类推
HecanbeadmittedintoFudanUniversityontheanalogyofhistestingresults.
promptly（ad.）:
atonce,immediately
bymyownobservation根据我自己的观察（此处为插入语）
body（C）物体,实体heavenlybodies天体asolid（liquid）body
maywellbe/do合理地,可能地mayperfectlywellbe完全可能是…
1.Hisgraduationpapermayperfectlywellbecopieddownfromtheintranet.
2.Thethree-monthmilitarytrainingmaywellworkachangeinhislivinghabits.
disc=disk圆盘（状的东西）
Ihavenoanswertothatone.我对此无言以答
…hegoeson（continuetosay）（此处是插入语）
thesame…as和…相同
NOTE:
too用于肯定句either用于否定句
1.Heisastudenttoo.2.Ican’tattendyourpartyeither.
Lines28–41
cast（cast,cast）:
send（light,shadow,etc.）onasurface
Thecandlecastaflickeringlightonthewall.
…when（itis）castonthemooneclipse（日,月的）蚀
asolar（lunar）eclipse;
日（月）蚀atotaleclipse全蚀
takesthblindlyfrom盲目接受sciencebooklets科普小册子
Defeatedintheminorexchanges:
Defeatedinthetwolessimportantroundsofdebateminorexchanges几个小小的回合/交锋
trump:
（纸牌中的）王牌,将牌
playone’strumpcard打出王牌,使出绝招
theAstronomerRoyal英国格林威治皇家天文台台长
…coversthequeenwithhisking用他的“K”牌压倒我的“Q”牌
cover:
（incardgames）toplayahighercardthan（thecardplayedbytheotherparty）
andwouldIevenknowawayoftestingit?
再说,我知道怎样检验吗?
bringout:
show,produceace:
“A”牌,爱司王牌
1.Suddenlythemanbroughtoutagunandthreatenedthetaxi-driverwithit.
2.Itdidnottakethepolicelongtobringoutthetruth.
foretell（vt.）:
predict;
sayinadvance
Itusedtobeapopularbeliefthatwecouldforetell（=predict）aperson’sfutureonthebasisofthedateandtimeofhisbirth.
suggest（此处是）说明,表明（从句中不用虚拟语气）
prettysound=quiteperfect相当可靠impeccable（adj.）完美无瑕的
toone’sdelight（插入语）令某人高兴的是
bejustifiedindoingsth./insth.有理由的,做…是理所当然的
1.Youarejustifiedinsayingso.
2.Ifthisisthecase,heisfullyjustifiedinblamingher（=haseveryreasontoblameher）.
say-so（n.）说法,如此说,论断acceptone’ssay-soabout
Lines42-62
banggoes…:
表示突然之间,什么东西都化为了泡影
thenbanggoesmyace（倒装句）=thenmyacebanggoes:
thenIlosemyace
I’vebrokenmyleg,sobanggoesplayingbasketball.
sail（vt.&
vi.）:
乘船旅行（n.）船杋
Atwhattimetheshipsails（orpullsupthesails）?
bycalculation通过计算（v.）calculate
aim（vi.）atsth/doingsth目的/标在于;
瞄准…
1.TheirrecenthardstudyaimsatpassingCETBand4.
2.Hisgunaimsatthebirdonthetree.
Ibelievethatfinishes（=overcomecompletely;
kill）theOvalEarthman:
IbelievethislastargumentofminecompletelydefeatstheOvalEarthman.
counter（n.）:
areturnattack还击,反对
Compare:
anti-（后跟概念性词）/counter（后跟的词表示动作或行为）
anti-revolution;
counter-revolutionary
anti-war;
anti-science;
But,counter-attack;
counter-run
precarious（adj.）:
insecure;
dependingupononlyassumption不安全的,靠不住的=notdependable
exceptionally（=unusually,extremely）elementary（=basic,fundamental,essential）（异常）非常基本的
fallbackon:
turntoforhelp,usu.whenallelsehasfailed依靠,依赖
1.Heisamantofallbackoninanemergency.
2.Ifthisplanfails,thereareotherplanswecanfallbackon.
pronouncement=statement公告，声明
much（adv.）修饰比较级或最高级
1.Sheismuchbetternow.2.Thisismuchthebest.
reston:
relyon;
bebasedon依靠,依赖
Noonechallengedhimbecausehisargumentsrestedonsoundfacts.
reasoning（U）推理,推论;
experiment=test实验;
authority权威
He/（Thisbook）isanauthorityonEnglishgrammar.
otherwise（adv.）:
inadifferentway
Andhowcanitbeotherwise不这样,又有什么别的法子呢
range（U）:
范围e.g.:
Thisisbeyondmyrangeofknowledge.
ignoramus:
anignorantperson无知的人
stray（vi.）（strayawayfrom…）:
wanderaway;
moveawayfromthesubject走离,离题
specialty:
aspecialfieldofstudy专业;
专攻profession/major
notbothertodosth不愿费心去干某事
wouldnotevenbothertodo不屑一顾
Ineverbothertoironmyshirt.
weakarguments无力的论据
outline（vt.）:
indicatethemainideasorfactsof概述
ifpressedfurther是iftheywerepressedfurther的省略
Patternsof“press”
1.Catchingherhand,shepressed（vt.）themoneyintoit.
2.Thecrowdpressed
升级会员 