College English 43大学英语精读第四册Word文件下载.docx

1、 some day or other （未来）某一天; （in） some way or other （以）某种方法; He went to some place or other. 他去了某个地方.preface （to）: introduction （to） （文章或书的） 序言; 引言Saint Joan “圣女贞德”Bernard Shaw 肖伯纳 （English dramatist） remark （v. & n.）: say; commentgullible （adj.）: credulous 易轻信的; 易受骗的gull （vt.）: cheat; deceive e.g.:

2、Gull （=deceive / cheat） a fool out of his money骗取傻子的钱gull （n.）: a person who is easily deceived易受欺骗的人superstitious （adj.） 迷信的 superstition （U）the Middle Ages （欧洲）中世纪credulity （U） 易轻信; 易受骗 credulous （adj.）incredulity （U）; incredulous （adj.） = unbelievablecite （vt.） 引用, 引证e.g.: The lawyer cited a prev

3、ious case to support his argument.average （=ordinary） man普通人advance: put forth; put or bring forward提出 Mary is too shy to advance her opinion at the meeting.not a single （强调否定） 一个也没有can advance not a single reason提不出任何一个理由 There wasnt a single boat on the lake.merely = only not merely （=not only） bu

4、t alsoswallow （up）: eat up without biting; believe or absorb without thinking or reasoning I trusted her so much that I could have swallowed any story she told me.appeal to: be attractive or interesting to 迎合, 引起的兴趣 Korea films always appeal to young people.a） appeal to the court （向法院起诉）b） appeal to

5、 history （引证历史）c） appeal to the public （向大众呼吁）d） appeal to force （求助于武力）mentality （U）: way of thinking思维方式the twentieth-century mentality二十世纪的思维方式exaggerate （vi. & vt.）: overstate夸张, 夸大其词 Be honest, and dont exaggerate your sales achievement.something in: some truth or value in有些对或道理 There is someth

6、ing/nothing/everything in your answer.Pattern: be worth + 动名词（主动） 表示被动含意 The book is worth / deserves / merits reading twice.follow up: study, investigate, find out more about 探究, 探讨 They follow up the matter until they got results.for the sake of = for s sake One should never do wrong for the sake

7、of money （= for moneys sake）.throw light on: explain; make （a situation） clearer解释,阐明1. The new facts throw some light on /upon the matter.2. No one could say how the magician （魔术师） was able to pull a rabbit out of his hat until he later threw light on his tricks.speak of 提及, 谈论 and so forth = and s

8、o on 等等ocular （adj.）: of, for , by the eyes ocular proof 目睹证据 = witness = evidence based on seeing = evidence on the spotnot but不是而是 : He is not a lawyer but a doctor.I am not speaking of but （I am speaking） of Lines 14 - 27Note: as for 只能用在句首 as to 既可用在句首, 又可用在句中1. As for （ As to） his father, I don

9、t know him at all2. I am in doubt as to his nationality. / Nothing as to his past is known.the Flat Earth theory地平说refute （vt.）: prove （sb） to be mistaken or （a statement） to be untrue驳斥, 证实错误seashore: seaside, beach mast船桅 funnel: chimney烟囱visible （adj.） - invisible （adj.）invisible ship: ship which

10、 is out of the sightinvisible trade: exchange of services （for money） in business trade 无形贸易visible trade: import or export / exchange of physical goods有形贸易passing along the horizon 在地平线上航行horizontal （analysis） 横向分析- vertical （analysis）纵向分析phenomenon现象 （单数） phenomena （复数）assume: suppose 假定, 假设 以为 be

11、 explained by assuming用假设解释curved （adj.）: bending曲线的, 弯曲的 a curved line 曲线spherical （adj.）: shaped like a ball球状的, 球形的earth sphere 地球仪follow （vi.） 因为（由推断） It follows +from +n. + that由此而断定 （而推断） From this witness it follows that he must be guilty. It does not follow that 不能由此而断定 （而推断） Because he is k

12、ind, it does not follow that he is wise.the Oval （卵形, 椭圆形） Earth theory地球卵形说 claim + that : claim to be 声称, 断言be shaped like: 形状象 The flower is shaped like a bird.What can I say against （=refute） it?play cards打牌 play the first card打出第一张牌: The figure of speech （修辞） is often used by someone presenting

13、 an argument point by point.the first card I can play: the first point I can make to support my argumentplay the first card against sth 针对某事打出第一张牌the analogy （类比, 类推） of the sun and moon: the act of comparing the earth to the sun and moonby analogy with, on the analogy of: 依类推 He can be admitted int

14、o Fudan University on the analogy of his testing results.promptly （ad.）: at once, immediatelyby my own observation 根据我自己的观察 （此处为插入语）body （C） 物体, 实体heavenly bodies 天体a solid （liquid） bodymay well be/do 合理地,可能地may perfectly well be完全可能是1. His graduation paper may perfectly well be copied down from the

15、 intranet.2. The three-month military training may well work a change in his living habits.disc =disk 圆盘（状的东西）I have no answer to that one. 我对此无言以答he goes on （continue to say） （此处是插入语）the sameas 和相同NOTE: too 用于肯定句 either用于否定句 1.He is a student too. 2. I cant attend your party either.Lines 28 41cast

16、（cast, cast）: send （light, shadow, etc.） on a surface The candle cast a flickering light on the wall. when （it is） cast on the moon eclipse （日, 月的） 蚀a solar （lunar） eclipse; 日（月）蚀 a total eclipse全蚀take sth blindly from 盲目接受 science booklets科普小册子Defeated in the minor exchanges: Defeated in the two le

17、ss important rounds of debate minor exchanges几个小小的回合/交锋trump: （纸牌中的） 王牌, 将牌 play ones trump card打出王牌, 使出绝招the Astronomer Royal英国格林威治皇家天文台台长covers the queen with his king用他的“K”牌压倒我的“Q”牌cover: （in card games） to play a higher card than （the card played by the other party）and would I even know a way of

18、 testing it?再说,我知道怎样检验吗?bring out: show, produce ace: “A”牌, 爱司王牌1. Suddenly the man brought out a gun and threatened the taxi-driver with it.2. It did not take the police long to bring out the truth.foretell （vt.）: predict; say in advance It used to be a popular belief that we could foretell （=predi

19、ct） a persons future on the basis of the date and time of his birth.suggest （此处是）说明, 表明 （从句中不用虚拟语气）pretty sound = quite perfect相当可靠 impeccable （adj.）完美无瑕的to ones delight （插入语）令某人高兴的是 be justified in doing sth. / in sth.有理由的, 做是理所当然的1. You are justified in saying so.2. If this is the case, he is full

20、y justified in blaming her （=has every reason to blame her）.say-so （n.） 说法, 如此说, 论断 accept ones say-so aboutLines 42 - 62bang goes: 表示突然之间, 什么东西都化为了泡影then bang goes my ace （倒装句） = then my ace bang goes: then I lose my ace Ive broken my leg, so bang goes playing basketball.sail （vt. & vi.）: 乘船旅行 （n.）

21、 船杋 At what time the ship sails （ or pulls up the sails）?by calculation通过计算 （v.） calculate aim （vi.） at sth / doing sth目的/标在于; 瞄准1. Their recent hard study aims at passing CET Band 4.2. His gun aims at the bird on the tree.I believe that finishes （=overcome completely; kill） the Oval Earth man: I be

22、lieve this last argument of mine completely defeats the Oval Earth man.counter （n.）: a return attack 还击, 反对Compare: anti-（后跟概念性词）/counter（后跟的词表示动作或行为） anti-revolution; counter-revolutionary anti-war; anti-science; But, counter-attack; counter-runprecarious （adj.）: insecure; depending upon only assum

23、ption不安全的, 靠不住的 = not dependableexceptionally （=unusually, extremely） elementary （=basic, fundamental, essential） （异常）非常基本的fall back on: turn to for help, usu. when all else has failed依靠,依赖1. He is a man to fall back on in an emergency.2. If this plan fails, there are other plans we can fall back on

24、.pronouncement = statement公告，声明much （adv.） 修饰比较级或最高级1. She is much better now. 2. This is much the best.rest on: rely on; be based on依靠, 依赖 No one challenged him because his arguments rested on sound facts.reasoning （U）推理, 推论; experiment= test实验; authority权威 He / （This book） is an authority on Engli

25、sh grammar.otherwise （adv.）: in a different wayAnd how can it be otherwise不这样, 又有什么别的法子呢range （U）: 范围 e.g.: This is beyond my range of knowledge.ignoramus: an ignorant person 无知的人stray （vi.） （stray away from ）: wander away; move away from the subject走离,离题specialty: a special field of study 专业; 专攻 pr

26、ofession /majornot bother to do sth不愿费心去干某事 would not even bother to do不屑一顾 I never bother to iron my shirt.weak arguments无力的论据outline （vt.）: indicate the main ideas or facts of 概述if pressed further是if they were pressed further的省略Patterns of “press”1. Catching her hand, she pressed （vt.） the money into it.2. The crowd pressed