职称英语 理工C 真题 代码32文档格式.docx

职称英语 理工C 真题 代码32文档格式.docx

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They'

rethebesttoysoutthere,"

saysHowieChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisaroboticist,apersonwhodesigns,buildsorprogramsrobots.

　　WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved-cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuiltmobilerobotssimilartosmallcars.

　　Hopingtocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset'

slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremotelycontrolledcars:

roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist（扭曲）inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain（地形）."

Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,"

Chosetconcluded.

　　AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebegandevelopingtheirownsnakerobots.Choset'

steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes,suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsalsomovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon'

t,suchasrolling.Choset'

ssnakerobotscouldcrawl（爬行）throughthegrass,swiminapondandevenclimbaflagpole.

　　ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient'

schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoparationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?

　　ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati,aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool,toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonaplasticmodelofthechestandthentestedtherobotinpigs.

　　AcompanycalledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologyforsurgeriesonpeople.

　　Evenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam'

screations,"

Istilldon'

tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,"

Chosetsays.

　　16.Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　17.Snakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfourdirections.

　　18.Chosetdidn'

tbegindevelopinghisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon.

　　19.Choset'

ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothersdeveloped.

　　20.Theapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgerieslesstime-consuming.

　　21.Zenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitinpigs.

　　22.TherobotictechnologyforsurgeriesonpeoplehasbroughtahandsomeprofittoMedrobotics.

　　第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

　　Ecosystem

　　1Theword"

ecosystem"

isshortforecological（生态的）system.Anecosystemiswherelivingcreaturesexpandwithinagivenarea.Youcansaythatanecosystemisthenaturalenvironmentwherebiologicalorganisms（生物）suchasplants,animalsandhumansco-existinthisworld.Sonaturallythatincludesyouandme.Yes,weareallmembersofanecosystem!

　　2Therearedifferentkindsofecosystemsdependingonthetypeofsurfaceorenvironment.Mostarenaturallymadesuchastheoceanorlakeandthedesertorrainforest.Someareman-madeorartificialtoencourageco-habitation（兴居）betweenlivingandnon-livingthingsinamonitoredenvironment,suchasazooorgarden.

　　3Plantsmakeupthebiggestgroupofbiologicalcreatureswithinanecosystem,andthat'

sbecausetheyarethenaturalfoodproducersforeveryone.Plantsraisedintheearthneedairandcollectsunlighttohelpthemgrow.Whentheygrow,theplantsanditsfruitsorflowerseventuallybecomeasourceoffoodtoanimals,microorganisms（微生物）andevenhumans,ofcourse.Foodisthenconvertedtoenergyfortherestofustofunction,andthishappensinanever-endingcycleuntilthelivingcreaturesdieandbreakupbackintheearth.

　　4Ecosystemsarethebasisofsurvivalforalllivingthings.Wedependonplantsandanimalsforfood.Inorderforustoexist,weneedtogrowandcareaboutotherorganisms.Wealsoneedtocareforthenon-livingthingswithinourenvironmentlikeourairandwatersowecancontinuelivingasapopulation.Sinceplants,animalsandhumansareallofvariousspecies（物种）,weallplayaroleinmaintainingtheecosystem.

　　5Topreserveourecosystems,weshouldstopusingtoomuchenergy,whichhappenswhenweconsumemorethanourshareofresources.Humansshouldnotdisturbthenaturalhabitat（栖息地）ofplantsandanimals,andallowthemtogrowhealthilyforthecycletocontinue.Toomanypeopleinahabitatcanmeandisplacement（搬迁）:

imaginebeingthrownoutofyourhomebecausethereisnomorespaceforeveryone.Worse,overpopulationcanalsoruintheenvironmentandcausedestructionofexistingplantsandanimals.

　　23.Paragraph2_________

　　24.Paragraph3_________

　　25.Paragraph4_________

　　26.Paragraph5_________

　　A.Whatcanwedotohelpprotectecosystems?

　　B.Whataredifferenttypesofecosystems?

　　C.Whatisanecosystem?

　　D.Whatdestroysecosystems?

　　E.Howdoesanecosystemwork?

　　F.Whyareecosystemsimportant?

　　27.Inanecosystem,plants,animalsandhumanslivetogetherin_________.

　　28.Plantsareessentialinanecosystembecausetootherlivingcreaturestheyare_________.

　　29.Plants,animalsandhumansarealleffectivein_________.

　　30.Toprotectourecosystemsweshouldnotusemorethan_________.

　　A.ourshareofresources

　　B.abiologicalcreature

　　C.agivenarea

　　D.themaintenanceoftheecosystem

　　E.thesourceoffood

　　F.variousspecies

　　第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇

　　31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

　　A.Publiclandsareoneofthemainsourcesofrevenues.

　　B.Publiclandsshouldbedevelopedtoeaseenergyshortage.

　　C.Publiclandsplayanimportantroleinenergyproduction.

　　D.Publiclandsstorehugeenergyresourcesforfurtherdevelopment.

　　32.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofpubliclandsintheU.S.?

　　A.HalfofUSenergyisproducedthere.

　　B.Mostofcoalwasproducedfromtherein2000.

　　C.Mostenergyresourcesarereservedthere.

　　D.Themajorityofundiscoverednaturalgasisstoredthere.

　　33.Geothermalresources,windturbines,andhydropowerfacilitiesinParagraph4arecitedasexamplestoillustratethat

　　A.alternativeenergyproductionisnolessthanconventionalenergyproduction.

　　B.theyarethemosttypicalconventionalenergyresourcesfrompubliclands.

　　C.geothermalresourcesaremoreimportantthantheothertwo.

　　D.theamountofalternativeenergyproductionfrompubliclandsishuge.

　　34.ThereisamountingpressureonpubliclandstosatisfyUSenergydemandsbecause

　　A.manyAmericansareunhappywithenergydevelopmentinforeigncountries.

　　B.theU.S.isdemandingmoreandmoreenergy.

　　C.quiteafewpubliclandsarebannedforenergydevelopment.

　　D.manyAmericansthinkpubliclandsarebeingabused.

　　35.Publiclandscanbeusedforenergydevelopmentwhen

　　A.theygothroughthelanduseplanningprocess.

　　B.energydevelopmentrestrictionsareeffective.

　　C.federallandmanagersgrantpermissions.

　　D.thereisenoughfederalbudget.

　　第二篇

　　WhenOurEyesServeOurStomach

　　Allwehaveaclocklocatedinsideourbrains.Similartoyourbedsidealarmclock,yourinternalclock2runsona24-hourcycle.Thiscycle,calledacircadianrhythm,helpscontrolwhenyouwake,whenyoueatandwhenyousleep.

　　Somewherearoundpuberty,somethinghappensinthetimingofthebiologicalclock.Theclockpushesforward,soadolescentsandteenagersareunabletofallasleepasearlyastheyusedto.Whenyourmothertellsyouit'

stimeforbed,yourbodymaybepushingyoutostayup3forseveralhoursmore.AndthelightcomingfromyourcomputerscreenorTVcouldbepushingyoutostayupevenlater.

　　Thisshift4isnaturalforteenagers.Butstayingupverylateandsleepinglatecangetyourbody'

sclockoutofsyncwiththecycleoflightanddark5.Itcanalsomakeithardtogetoutofbedinthemorningandmaybringotherproblems,too.Teenagersareputinakindofagraycloud6whentheydon'

tgetenoughsleep,saysMaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityinProvidence,RI7.Itaffectstheirmoodandtheirabilitytothinkandlearn.

　　Butjustlikeyouralarmclock,yourinternalclockcanbereset.Infact,itautomaticallyresetsitselfeveryday.How?

Byusingthelightitgetsthroughyoureyes.

　　Scientistshaveknownforalongtimethatthelightofdayandthedarkofnightplayimportantrolesinsettingourinternalclocks.Foryears,researchersthoughtthatthesignalsthatsynchronizethebody'

sclock8werehandledthroughthesamepathwaysthatweusetosee.

　　Butrecentdiscoveriesshowthatthehumaneyehastwoseparatelight-sensingsystems.Onesystemallowsustosee.Thesecondsystemtellsourbodywhetherit'

sdayornight.

　　36."

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