大学英语专升本打印Word格式文档下载.docx
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关系副词:
when,where,why等。
5．分类:
限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句
二、关系词
（一）关系代词的用法
指人
指物
主语
宾语
定语
that
which
who
whom
whose
用关系代词，连接句子：
1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.
2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.
3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.
4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.
5.Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass。
6.Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.
（二）关系副词的用法
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语;
why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
关系副词=介词（on/at/in/for）+关系代词
1.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.
2.IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.
3.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.
几种易混的情况：
1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.
2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.
3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.
4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.
5.Thisisthereason___________________hewaslate.
6.Thisisthereason_______________hegave.
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
外观区别:
主从句中间有逗号的为非限定性,反之为限定性定语从句。
意义区别：
限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切，而非限定性从句与先行词关系比
较松散，只是对先行词的附加说明。
♦Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.
♦Mr.Wang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.
四、定语从句的常见考点
（一）that与which的区别
1．只能用that不用which的几种情况
1）.当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing,much,little,none等不定代词时,关系代词一般只用that;
2）.当先行词被最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰时,关系代词一般只用that;
3）.当关系词前有介词时,表示物,一般只用which;
4）.非限定性定语从句,不用that做关系词;
5）.当先行词有人又有物时,用that;
6）.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
e.g.
1）.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.
2）.Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.
3）.ThisisthemostbeautifulflowerthatIhaveseen.
4）.Hedidall/everythingthathecouldtohelpme
2．只能用which不用that的几种情况
1）.引导非限制性定语从句;
2）.在介词后。
1）.JacklivesinLondon,whichhasalonghistory.
2）.Hefailedtheexam,whichmadehisparentsverysad.
3）.Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudythesky.
（二）as引导定语从句时的用法
1.as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as….so/such…as…
区分：
ThisisthesamepenasIlost.
ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.
Thisissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.
Thisissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.
2.as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别。
as可放主句前，也可放主句后，用于指代整个句子,常用于下列搭配asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected，翻译为“正如……一样”：
which也可引导非限制性定语从句，但一般只可放主句后，which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。
1）.Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.
2）.Thestreethasn’tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.
Exercises：
1）.Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.
2）.Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall.
3）._____isknowntoall,theearthisround
4）.______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.
（三）关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的单复数应与先行词的数保持一致。
e.g.
1.Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.
2.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.
3.HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.
4.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.
（四）非限制性定语从句与单句的比较：
1.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.
2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.
3.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.
4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.
（五）当介词与关系代词的连用：
1．当介词位于关系代词前面时，只用which和whom两个代词；
2．当介词位于句尾时，关系代词可用which,that,who,whom;
3.当介词与谓语动词一起构成固定词组时，介词一般不提前。
1）.Theboywhom/whoyoutalkedwithismybrother.
=Theboywithwhomyoutalkedismybrother.
2）.ThecitywhichIliveinisabeautifulone.
=ThecityinwhichIliveisabeautifulone.
=ThecitywhereIliveisabeautifulone.
3）.Thatisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor.
4）.Thisisthebabywhomsheistakingcareof.
定语从句练习
1．Mathematicsisthesubject_______.
A.thatheisdeeplyinterestedB.heismuchinterestedin
C.heisdeeplyinterestedD.whichheisverymuchinterested
2.Thereason___Ican’tcomeisthatIhavetoprepareforthecomingexam.
A.forB.asC.becauseD.why
3.Thedictionary______isnowoutofstock.
A.heboughtlastweekB.whichheboughtitlastweek
C.boughtlastweekD.heboughtlastweekbefore
4.Shestudiedhardatschoolwhenshewasyoung，______contributestohersuccessinhercareer.
A.thatB.sothatC.soD.which
5.Themouse______comesoutatnighttonibbleatthecheeseweleaveasbait.
A.whomlivesinthewallB.thatlivesinthewall
C.whomthewalllivesinD.thatliveinthewall
6.I’vegotabottleofbeer,butIhaven’tgotanything____Icanopenitwith.
A.thatB.whatC.whereD.which
7.Allmembers______areadmittedtotheauditorium.
A.havegotticketsB.thathadgotthetickets
C.thathavegottheticketsD.whohavegotthetickets
8.Suchelectronictubes______inaradiosetarealsofoundinaTVset.
A.thatweuseB.asweusethemC.asweuseD.thatweusethem
9.Writerscanaccuratelydescribeobjects______haveneverseen.
A.whoB.iftheyC.theyD.that
10.Itwasn’tsuchagoodpresent_____hehadpromisedme.
A.thatB.whileC.asD.what
11.Perhapsthedaywillcome____peoplewillbeabletobreathecleanairincity.
A.whenB.whileC.asD.since
12.Theonlything______Iknewis_____mybrothersaidtometheotherday.
A.which…whatB.that…whatC.what…thatD.that…which
13.He’stheman______Isupposedwascapableofdoingsuchathing.
A.towhomB.ofwhomC.whoD.whom
14.Sheisthegirl______.
A.whosenameisSusanB.nameofwhomisSusan
C.whonameisSusanD.hernameisSusan
15.Certainlayersoftheatmospherehavespecialnames______.
A.whichindicatedtheircharacterproperties
B.whosecharacteristicpropertiesareindicating
C.whatcharacterizetheirindicateproperties
D.thatindicatetheircharacteristicproperties
16.Theexpressway_____wedrivetoworkisalwayscrowed.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.onwhich
17.Iamgratefultohimforthatadvice,_______Ioweallmysuccess.
A.whichB.thatC.towhichD.bywhich
18.Joseph’scarhasaflattire._______nowistowalktothenearesttelephone.
A.HecandoB.HecandothatC.AllhecandoD.Thatcando
19.Hangzhou,______wespentlastspring,isoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.
A.whereB.whichC.thisD.which
20.Modernstoveshavegascylinders,_____ismuchmoreconvenient.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.which
21.Untilrecently,landinlargeareasofStockholmbelongedeithertotheCrownortothecity;
therewas_____thingasprivateownershipofland.
A.notsuchaB.nosuchC.notsuchD.noso
22.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkis B.whichIthinkitis
C.whichIthinkit D.Ithinkwhichis
23.Theonlything______matteristofindourwayhome.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.who
24.Thespeed______lighttravelsissaidtobethemaximumintheuniverse.
A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.bywhichD.atwhich
25.Thefootandanklearepartsofthebodysystem______.
A.thataidinwalkingB.thatwalkingC.aidinwalkingD.walking
26.Theperson______youweretalkingtowasanAmerican.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.as
27.Thisisthewashingmachine______wehavehadsomuchtrouble.
A.atwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich
28.Englishwasoneofthegreatestmen______everlived.
A.whoB.thatC.whomD.he
29.Inspiteofall______hasbeensaid,thetouristshavebeenpickingleavesandcuttingtheirnamesinthetreetrunks.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as
30.Marywasmuchkindertoheryoungestchildthanshewastotheothers,_____,ofcourse,madealltheothersjealous.
A.thatB.whoC.whatD.which
31.Ohthewallhungapicture,_____colorisblue.
A.whose B.ofwhich C.which D.its
32.Suchproductions______inthisfactoryarealsofoundinthatfactory.
A.thattheyproduceB.astheyproducethem
C.astheyproduceD.thattheyproducesthem
33.Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.
A.who B.whom C.what D.which
34.Ithardtobelievethegirl______nowisafamousactress.
A.IsatnextatschoolB.Isatnexttoitatschool
C.IsatnexttoatschoolD.Isatnexttoschool
35.Wefoundaroom____heusedasthefirstlab.
A.whereB.soC.whichD.why
36.Thewholepath______electricitytravelsisknownasacircuit.
A.alongthatB.inthatC.alongwhichD.which
37.Tomakeupanobjectivetest,theteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,______hasonlyonecorrectanswer.
A.eachofwhichB.someofwhichC.whichD.that
38.All______isacontinuoussupplyofthebasicnecessitiesoflife.
A.whatisneedB.thatisneeded
C.forourneedsD.thingneeded
39._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,
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