亚历山大Word文档格式.docx

亚历山大Word文档格式.docx

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Athesis

submittedinpartialfulfilment

oftherequirementsforthejunioryear

totheSchoolofForeignLanguages

NorthwestUniversityofPolitics&

Law

November28,2011

AlexandertheGreat'

sSexualOrientation

Abstract:

Withtherevivalofhomosexual,AlexandertheGreatcomesintopeople'

smindagain.He,thekingofMacedonia,wasagreatconquerthattheworldhaveeverseen.HeextendedhisrealmtoEurope,AfricaandFarEast.ButwhatimpressedusmostwashisrelationshipwithHephaestion.Itconfusedpeoplewhyakinglikehimtendedtoshowmoreintereststowardmale.ThispaperattemptstorevealthetruththathewasgaybyanalyzingthecultureofancientGreece,theinfluencesfromhisparentsandotherpoliticalfactor.

Keywords:

ancientGreece,boy'

slove,politics,homosexual,education.

摘要：

随着同性恋文化的复兴，亚历山大大帝再一次的进入人们的视野。

亚历山大是马其顿帝国的伟大国王，是举世瞩目前所未有的征服者。

他统治的马其顿帝国领土延伸至欧、亚、非。

但是他给人留下最深刻的影响却是作为一名同性恋者及传说中与赫菲提斯昂矢志不渝的爱情。

人们不明白作为一个伟大的帝王，亚历山大为什么会被同行所吸引。

本文试图通过对古希腊文化、亚历山大大帝的父母及政治等因素的分析来解密亚历山大的性倾向。

关键字：

古希腊、同性之爱、政治、同性恋、教育。

Outline

ThesisStatement:

AlexandertheGreatisahomosexual.

I.Introduction

A.Thedifferencebetweenthehomosexualandthebisexual.

BSexualorientationofAlexandertheGreat

.Reasonsofhissexualorientation

A.Histwomarriages

B.CultureofancientGreece.

1.Socialstatus

2.Education

3.Boy'

slove

C.Influencesfromhisparentsandtheirmarriage

D.Hiscareerandhomosexualityinarmy

.Conclusion.

.Introduction

Homosexuality,asakindofsexualorientation,isasexualtendencythatpeoplearesexuallyattractedbythoseoftheirowngender.Homosexualreferstopeoplewhopreferthepersonoftheirowngendertotheoppositeastheirsexualpartner.（Li10）

Aspeculiarphenomena,homosexualityhasalonghistory.Anditexistsindifferentcornersoftheworldaswellasdifferentformofsocietyinthelonghistory.NomatteritisAmericanorKenya.Nomatteritisawell-developedindustrialcountryorabarbarictribe.Wherethereisaperson,thereishomosexual.Thepropernounforhomohaschanged,too.Fromthediscriminatoryhomosexualitytogay（forthemalehomo）andlesbian（forthefemale）.Fromgayandlesbiantoamodernqueer.Aboutfourthousandyearsago,inancientEgypt,theEgyptiantreatthesexbetweenmalesasaholything.Accordingtothetale,sexbetweengodHorusandgodSethactuallyhappened.Inthepalace,everymankeptaintimatefemalefriend.ThesameoccurredtotheancientIndia.Maya,OneofthethreecivilizationinLatinAmerica,recordedthephenomenaofhomosexualityinyouth.Wecanfindtheresourceabouthomosexualityeverywhere.Itneverstopped.Butitdidnottheygoeswellallthetime.Ithashaddifficultiesallthewayeventoday,butitalsohaditsprimetime.AlexandertheGreat,thegreatkingofMacedoniawastherepresentativeofthistime.

AlexandertheGreatandHephaestionwasintimatefriendsincetheywereveryyoung.Theykeptdevotingtoeachotherthroughouttheirlives.HomosexualsclungtotheirviewswithoutanygroundsthatAlexanderwasabsolutelyagay.OthersclaimedthatAlexanderwasbisexualasmostancientGreekwas.OthersinsistedthatAlexanderwashomosexualwithoutofferingaproof.Heretheauthorholdstheopinionthathewasgay.Therearesomefactorswhichmadetheauthorcredititdeeply.

A.AlexandertheGreta’smarriages

AlthoughAlexandertheGreatmarriedtwoladies,bothareforpoliticalpeaceorhisconquer.Helovedneitherofthem.WhenAlexandertheGreatinvadedthePersiaEmpire,theBackrooms,underBessus,resistedstoutly,butweresubduedfinallyin328.Roxanne,adaughterofBaronOxcartswhoheldterritoryofBessus,wasofferedAlexanderbyherfather.AlexanderchosetomakeverypublicdisplayofhisunionwithRoxanne.Itseemsquiteasplendidceremony.Butactuallyit'

sapoliticalmarriage.Tostartwith,aftersubjugatingthecountry,AlexandertheGreatwantedtocontinueconqueringandexploringtheunknownworldintheFarEast.Ifunnecessary,alongtimestayinacertainplacenevercametohismind.Sohewasinwantofamanwhoiscapableofmaintainingthepeaceandstabilityofthelocalwhenhewasnothere.Andatthesametimeheneedsarulerwhowaswillingtoprovidefoods,clothesandtroopsforthearmiesifneeded.ThusafterBaronshowedhimhisloyalty,Alexanderaccepteditwithpleasure.Toshowhissincerity,AlexandermarriedBaron'

sdaughter.What'

smoreimportantwasthatAlexanderneededasuccessor.LikethefeudalsocietyinancientChina,anempirewithoutasonwasalwaysindanger;

forhisrulewasmenacedbyotherroyalmembersandothercountrieswhichtrytoinvadethecountrywhenthekingisoutofPalaceorheisseriouslysick.Soit'

sbettertohavesomeoneinthefamilystayinthepalacetokeeppoliticalpeace.Thosearewhathisfirstmarriagefor.

StaturetheSecondwasthedaughterofStaturetheFirstandDariustheThirdofPersia,afterhisfather'

sdefeatatthebattleofIssus,Stateiraandhermotherweretreatedverywell.StateriabecameAlexander'

ssecondwifeattheSusaweddingin324BC.It'

sanotherpoliticalmarriage.Firstandforemost,yearsagobeforeDariusfailedcompletely,"

hetemptedtopersuadeAlexandertostopthewarandproposetoformastrongallybyofferinghisdaughterStateira."

（Huf,98-10）ButAlexanderrefusedtheoffer.NowhemarriedStateira,apparently,it'

sapolicyadjustment.

Inhislifespan,heneverkeptanintimateorromanticrelationshipwithafemale.Sowecansafelydrawaconclusionthathedidnotlovewomenatall.

B.CultureofancientGreece

MacedoniawasacountryinthenorthoftheancientGreek,thusitwasdeeplyinfluencedbythecultureofthewell-developedcountry.Aristotle,averyknowledgeablescholarinGreece,wasinvitedtoMacedoniatoteachtheprince，AlexandertheGreat，andhisnoblefriends.AndintherestoftheirlivestheywereaffectedbywhatAristotlehadtaughtthem.Manisabsolutelydifferentfromwomenandsuperiortothem.InancientGreece,womenandmenwerecompletelyseparatedfromeachother.Tobeawomanmeanttostayathomequietlyandsacrificeherlifeforthewholefamilysilently.Neitherpoliticalrightsnorsocialactivitiesbelongedtothem.Whilethemalepossessedquietalot;

theatre,gymnasium,winepartywerestagesespeciallyforthemales,femaledancersandwhoresareallowedtoenterthoseplaceonlyforentertaining.Heretheyshowedtheirtalents,foughtfortheirpoliticalrights,sangsongsanddrankwinewithoutalimit.Apparently,formen,womenwerenothingbutthemotheroftheirchildrenandthekeeperoftheirhouses.Theywereonlypartoftheirhusband'

sproperty.Silenceandnoappearanceinpublicwereviewedbymenasthemostappreciatevirtueofawoman.In431B.C,inafuneralceremonyforasoldierPericlesgaveawarningtowomen:

forawoman,themostrespectedvirtueistobementionedbymanaslessaspossible.Nomatterpraisingorcriticizing.Whichmeans,womenarecompletelydroveoutofthesocietywhichmenrules.Ontheotherhand,menhaverequirementfortheirown.Namely,mancannotaddictthemselvestotherelationshipwithwoman.Andoneshouldbetterreducetheirappointmentswithwomanaspossibleasonecould.ToGreek,womanisasymboloftherestlesslustsincereasonisneverapartofwoman.Theintemperatesex,toaman,isverydangerous.Forsexwouldleadthelossofabstinenceandbraveryofaman,whichareverypreciouscharactersofaman.Betweenmanandwomanisnottheproductofit.UntilMiddleAgethegamesbetweenthenobleknightsandexaltedladiesshowedustheshadowofmodernlove.

EducationinancientGreecepaidmoreattentiontoboys.Boyswerevaluedfortheirminds,heldtobeespeciallycapableofintellect.Onthecontrary,girlswereconsideredcapableofonlyofchitchatandunworthyofeducating.Thustheintellectualdevelopmentofmostgirlswasneglected,whiletherightupbringofboyswasgiventhehighestimportance.Obviously,thiskindofeducationledtothehugespiritualgapbetweenwomenandmen.Thus,there'

snothingbetweenamanandawomanbutflirtation.Converselymencanhaveareasonableconversation;

theycanbeguide,friendandcompanion.Asaresulttheyspentplentyoftimeandwerefriendlierthanfriendsshouldbe.

ThetypicalhomosexualloveinGreecewaslovebetweenmanandaboy.TheGreecemalewasexpectednotonlyformarryandraisechildrenbutalsotobeavailableforfriendshipandhomosexualaffairswithworthyyouth.Themanwascalled'

erastes'

（lover）andtheadolescentyouthwascalled'

eromenos'

（beloved）.It'

sashameifaboycan'

twintheloveofanadult;

it'

salsotrueifamancan'

tcauseaboy'

sattention.Theerastesandtheeromenosmaintainedboththerelationshipofteacher-studentandlover.（Huf,78）

Also,thehomosexualityprevailedinancientAthens.Accordingtotherecord,PatriciaBeard,apoliticianinAthens,wasalegend.Whenseventeenoreighteen,hebecamethetallestandthemosthandsomeboyinAthens.Whereverhewent,hewasfollowedbyplentyofmenwhotreatinghimasabeautifullady,andflirtingwithhim,courtingtohim."

Hewasextremelygoodatactingasaslut,makingfunofhissweethearts,embarrassingthemwhenflirting.Whenhewasingoodmoodorhethoughttheremighthavesomebenefits,hewouldgivethemalittleBounty.Thushebecametheteenager'

sidolinAthens"

.（Hunter，19-20）"

InhisfamousbookSymposiu