八年级英语上册Unit One 不定代词语法讲解深圳牛津版Word文件下载.docx
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Haveyougotanytea?
Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.
Thereisn'
tanyorangeinthebottle.
3)any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。
any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。
---Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
---Ican'
tseeany.
Ifyouhavenomoney,I'
lllendyousome.
与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some,any的用法相同。
something,everything,nothing,anything,somebody,everybody,nobody(=noone),anybody,none
3.few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的区别
1)
(a)few+可数名词,(a)little+不可数名词
2)
afew/alittle为肯定含义,还有一点
3)
few/little 为否定含义,没有多少了。
Hehasafewfriends. 他有几个朋友。
Hehasfewfriends. 他几乎没有朋友。
Westillhavealittletime.我们还有点时间。
Thereislittletimeleft.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
4)
固定搭配:
onlyafew(=few) notafew(=many) quiteafew(=many)
manya(=many)
Manybooksweresold.
Manyabookwassold.
5)alittle和little也可以用作副词,alittle表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。
I'
malittlehungry.(修饰形容词hungry)
Lethimsleepalittle.(修饰动词sleep)
Mary,goalittlefaster,please.(修饰副词比较级)
Shesleptverylittlelastnight.
4.other,theother,another,others,theothers的区别。
用法
代名词
形容词
单数
复数
不定
another
另一个
others
别人,其他人
another(boy)
另一个(男孩)
other(boys)
其他男孩
特定
theother
theothers
其余那些人、物
theother(boy)
另一个男孩
theother(boys)
其余那些男孩
1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别
的”。
Wherearehisotherbooks?
Ihaven'
tanyotherbooksexceptthisone.
2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“theother”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。
常与one搭配构成“one...,theother...”句型。
Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsold.
Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise-bookintheother.
3)other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。
常与some搭配构成“some....,others...”句型。
Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimming.
Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please.
4)“theothers”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
Wegothomeby4o'
clock,buttheothersdidn'
tgetbackuntil8o'
clock.
InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese.
5)another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one.
Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can'
tyou?
Marydoesn'
twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone?
6)another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。
mstillhungryafterI'
vehadthiscake.Pleasegivemeanother.
5.every和each的用法
1) every强调全体的概念,each强调个体概念。
Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.
Eachstudentmayhaveonebook..
2) every指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。
3) every不可以作状语,each可作状语。
4) every有反复重复的意思,如everytwoweeks等;
each没有。
5) every与not连用,表示部分否定;
each和not连用表示全部否定。
Everymanisnothonest.
Eachmanisnothonest.
6.all和both的用法。
1)all和both都表示整体,但all都,指三者以上。
both 都,指两者。
在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。
AllofuslikeMr.Pope.我们都喜欢Pope先生。
(作主语)
=WealllikeMr.Pope.(作同位语)
Allthewaterhasbeenusedup.(作主语)
That'
sallfortoday.(作表语)
Whynoteatall(of)thefish?
(作宾语)
Alltheleadersarehere./Allknowledgecomesfrompractice.(作定语)
2)both和all加否定词是部分否定。
如果表示全部否定,要分别用neither和none。
Bothofusarenotgoodatsinging.
Neitherofusisgoodatsinging.
Alloftheteachersarenotforeigners.
Noneoftheteachersareforeigners..
all与none用法一样。
跟单数名词,用单数动词;
跟复数名词,用复数动词。
Allofthestudentsarethere.
All(of)themilkisthere.
7.
neither与nor的用法
1) 如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用nor。
Ifyoudon'
tdoit,neithershouldI. 如果你不干,我也不干。
如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither。
Hecan'
tsing,nordance,norskate.
8.neither和either的用法
1)neither表示“两者都不”,neither…nor…意为“既不…又不…”。
either表示“两者中的任何一个”,either…or…意为“或是……,或是……”
Neitheroftheanswerisright.
Ihaveneithertimenormoneytotakeatrip.
Eithersentenceisright.
Youcaneithergoorstay.
9.
many,much的用法
Many,much都意为"
许多"
,many+可数名词,much+不可数名词。
Howmanypeoplearethereatthemeeting?
Manyoftheworkerswereatthemeeting.
10
.
anyone/anyone;
noone/none的用法
anyone和anyone
anyone仅指人,anyone既可指人,也可指物。
2)noone和none
a)none后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而noone只单独使用,只指人。
b)none作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而noone作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
Noneofyoucouldliftit.你们中没有人可举起它。
----Didanyonecallmeupjustnow?
--刚才有人打电话给我吗?
----Noone. --没有。
11、代词it的用法:
1)指代前面提到过的事物。
如:
Ofcourse,Ilovejunkfoodtoo,butItrytoeatitonlyonceaweek.
2)用来代替指示代词this或that。
---What’sthis?
---It’sapencil.
3)指婴儿或不明身份的人。
Someoneisknockingatthedoor,pleasegoandseewhoitis.
4)指时间和季节。
---What’sthetimenow?
---It’steno’clock.
5)表天气。
---What’stheweatherliketoday?
---It’ssunny.
6)表距离。
Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?
7)用作形式主语,常用于下列句型中:
a.Itisadj.+(forsb)todosth.如:
Itisimportantforustoworkhard.
b.It’stimetodo/for/that…如:
It’stimetogetup/forlunch/fthatwewenthome.
c.Itseemsthat…
Itseemsthatheisquitehappy.
d.It’sone’sturntodo…
It’syourturntoanswermyquestion.
e.It’s+adj.+that…如:
It’snecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthemeeting.
8)作形式宾语。
Doyouthinkitnecessarytolearntowaitinline?
9)引导强调句型“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”。
Itwasyesterdaythatwewenttoseeafilm.
当堂练习
一.Choosethebestanswer
()1.Thisisaveryoldsong,so______youngpeopleknowit.
A:
fewB:
littlec:
afewD:
alittle
()2.Thetwofishermensaw______intheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver.
A:
somethingstrangeB:
anythingstrange
C:
strangesomething
D:
strangeanything
()3.Therearen’tmanyorangeshere,butyoucantake______ifyouwantto.
afewC:
alittleD:
little
()4.Therearetwentyteachersinthisgrade.Eightofthemarewomenteachersand______arementeachers.
theotherB:
theothersC:
othersD:
other
()5.Mysportsshoesaretoosmall.Iwanttobuy______pair.
theothersB:
theotherC:
otherD:
another
()6.Ididn’tlikethecrosstalk.______oftheactorswasfunny.
BothB:
AllC:
NeitherD:
Either
()7.______ofushasreadthestory.
SomeB:
BothC:
AllD:
None
()8.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning,somelikeswimming,______likeballgames.
othersC:
theotherD:
()9.Therearemanyhigh-riseson______sideofHuaihaiRoad.Whatamagnificentview!
eitherB:
neitherC:
bothD:
all
()10.ShanghaiWaihuantunnelisalreadyopentotraffic,soitwilltakeus______timetogotoPudongInternationalAirport.
afewB:
fewerC:
less
()11.Notlongago,ourcountrysetuparocketwithtwosmallsatellitesintospace.Oneweighed204kilosand______25kilos.
anotherB:
otherC:
theother
()12.Inordertokeephealthy,youshouldeat______fastfood,______freshvegetablesandtakeenoughexercise.
fewer;
fewerB:
less;
moreC:
moreD:
()13.LiuXiangandYaoMingareworld-famoussportsstars.______ofthemhavesetagoodexampletous.
AllB:
NeitherC:
BothD:
()14.Mr.Smithisquitebusytoday.Hehas______meetingstoattend.
littleB:
alittleC:
fewD:
afew
().15.Obeythetrafficrulesandlearntoprotectyourself.______ismoreimportantthanlife.
NothingB:
SomethingC:
EverythingD:
Anything
()16.Canwedoourworkbetterwith______moneyand______people?
less,fewB:
less,fewerC:
little;
lessD:
few,less
()17.HehastwoflatsinLondon.However,______isnew.
bothB:
allD:
none
()18.Thereis______withyourwatch.Itgetsslowereveryday.
nothingwrongB:
somethingwrong
wrongsomethingD:
wrongnothing
()19.Itseemsthathehasgot______toshowus.Let’sgoandenjoyit.
somethinginterestingB:
interestingsomething
nothingsomethingD:
interestingnothing
()20.______ofyouranswersisright.Pleasetryathirdtime.
NeitherB:
NoneC:
EitherD:
Both
()21.______Kathy______Alice______athomelastSunday.
Neither,nor,wereB:
Both,and,was
Either,or,wasD:
Notonly,butalso,were
()22.______ofthewinnershasbeenawardedaprize.
EveryB:
everyoneC:
EachD:
()23.Thereis______inkinmypen.Wouldyougiveme______?
little,alittleB:
alittle,littleC:
few,afewC:
afew,few
()24.Thedaysinwinterareshorterthan______insummer.
thoseB:
thatC:
theseD:
them
()25.Theydon’tgotoEuropeforholiday,_______.
neitherwillweB:
neitherdoweC:
sowillweD:
sowewill
()26.Itmustbeyourfirsttimetomeeteachother.Letmedotheintroduction.
______isMr.Smith.
HeB:
ThereC:
ThisD:
That
()27.I’mhungry.Iwant______toeat.______cando.
something,SomethingB:
anything,Anything
something,AnythingD:
anything,Something
()28.______ofu