版第2部分板块2第3讲构词法Word格式文档下载.docx

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版第2部分板块2第3讲构词法Word格式文档下载.docx

4.Yourcompositionisbadly(bad)doyourwritingexercisemoreattentively(attend)nexttime.

1.一般情况加ly。

如:

real→really;

careful→carefully;

polite→politely;

quick→quickly

2.“辅音字母+y”结尾的,将y改为ily。

angry→angrily;

busy→busily;

heavy→heavily

3.以ble结尾的,将ble改为bly。

probable→probably;

possible→possibly

4.个别单词,去掉e再加ly。

true→truly

5.以ic结尾的,加ally。

basic→basically;

energetic→energetically

[名师点津] 有的名词+ly→形容词,如:

friend→friendly;

day→daily

考点二动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.Heisratherselfish(self)sothatnobodypreferstohaveatalkwithhim.

2.Thegoodworkingconditioninthefactoryisattractive(attract).

3.Heisreliable(rely)soyoucandependonhim.

4.Theyarenervous(nerve)abouttheirfirsttripabroad.

5.Theflowerisharmful(harm)toourhealth.

Ⅱ.单句改错

6.Mostpeoplenowadaysaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetimetoenjoyahealthyandbalance→balanced

7.(2019·

大庆调研)Idon'

tthinkitareasonpracticeforthemtobehavethatwayinour→reasonable

后缀

例词

able

accept→acceptable可接受的

comfort→comfortable舒适的

fashion→fashionable时髦的

al

music→musical音乐的

origin→original最初的

person→personal个人的;

私人的

ful

doubt→doubtful怀疑的

forget→forgetful健忘的

harm→harmful有害的

ible

access→accessible容易取得的

horror→horrible可怕的;

恐怖的

terror→terrible可怕的

ive

effect→effective有效的;

生效的

attract→attractive有吸引力的

impress→impressive给人深刻印象的

ous

continue→continuous不断的;

持续的

anxiety→anxious忧虑的

curiosity→curious好奇的

some

tire→tiresome令人厌倦的

trouble→troublesome麻烦的

y

taste→tasty美味的;

可口的

health→healthy健康的

wealth→wealthy富裕的;

丰富的

ern

east→eastern东方的;

向东的

ish

child→childish孩子气的

fool→foolish愚蠢的;

可笑的

self→selfish自私的

ic

science→scientific科学的

economy→economic经济的

history→historic历史上著名的

ary

imagine→imaginary想象中的

考点三动词变名词的后缀

1.(2019·

泰安一模)Itisnecessarytohaveaphysicalexamination(examine)everyyear.

2.Annanwillberememberedforhisabilityandhiswarmth(warm).

3.Withouthesitation(hesitate),Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.

4.(2019·

湖北八校联考)Itisaveryeffectivewaytolearnthelanguageandimproveyour→pronunciation

approve→approval赞成;

批准

arrive→arrival到来;

到达

survive→survival幸存

ance

ence

appear→appearance出现;

外貌

perform→performance表演;

节目

exist→existence存在;

生存

prefer→preference偏爱

ion

tion

ation

compete→competition比赛;

竞争

invite→invitation邀请;

请柬

explain→explanation解释

(ss)ion

discuss→discussion讨论;

辩论

decide→decision决定

admit→admission接纳;

准许入学

ing

hear→hearing听力;

听觉

begin→beginning开始

ment

achieve→achievement功绩;

成就

argue→argument辩论;

论据

treat→treatment对待;

治疗

ure

ture

fail→failure失败;

没做到

press→pressure压力

mix→mixture混合;

混合物

recover→recovery恢复;

痊愈

discover→discovery发现

其他

choose→choice选择

vary→variety多样化;

种类

tend→tendency趋向;

趋势

考点四形容词变名词的后缀

1.I'

mdoingTom'

sjobinhisabsence(absent).

2.Howmuchisthepostage(post)forthepackage.

3.Hehastheability(able)todothejob.

山师大附中月考)Wefearthatwedonothavethestrongandcouragetofacethetruthofour→strength

age

short→shortage不足;

短缺

cy

efficient→efficiency效率;

功效

fluent→fluency流利;

流畅

private→privacy隐私;

私密

dom

free→freedom自由;

自在

wise→wisdom明智;

智慧

ce

different→difference差异

silent→silence沉默

ness

weak→weakness虚弱;

弱点

kind→kindness仁慈;

好意

careless→carelessness粗心大意

th

grow→growth成长;

发展

strong→strength力气;

强项

warm→warmth温暖;

热情

ty

ity

safe→safety安全

disable→disability无能;

伤残

responsible→responsibility责任

考点五表示人的后缀

1.Thefamousactress(act)isdancingwithherfans.

2.Weshouldrespecteveryone,evenabeggar(beg).

3.Mybossisnotyouliketospeaktooneofhisassistants(assist)

er

teach→teacher老师

village→villager村民

strange→stranger陌生人

(注:

cook→cooker炉灶,炉具)

ar

lie→liar说谎者

ee

employ→employee受雇者;

雇员

interview→interviewee被面试者

train→trainee受训练的人;

学员

or

invent→inventor发明家

act→actor男演员

educate→educator教育家;

教师

ess

act→actress女演员

god→goddess女神

host→hostess女主人;

女主持人

ese

China→Chinese中国人

Japan→Japanese日本人

n

America→American美国人

Australia→Australian澳洲人

ian

music→musician音乐家

history→historian历史学家

politics→politician政治家;

政客

ist

novel→novelist小说家

special→specialist专家

tour→tourist旅行者;

观光者

ant

serve→servant仆人

participate→participant参加者

assist→assistant助手;

图书管理员

考点六表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀

青岛一模)Astheycouldn'

tplayoutdoors,theywereunhappy(happy),andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.

2.Peopleonwelfarearewronglyseenaslazyordishonest(honest).

3.Informal(formal)clothesaresuitableforwearingathomeorinordinarysituations.

张掖月考)IknowasanexcellentguideIshouldmakeyourjourneyinterestingand→meaningful

前/后缀

前缀

dis

agree→disagree不同意

advantage→disadvantage缺点

il

legal→illegal不合法的

logical→illogical不合逻辑的

im

polite→impolite无礼的

patient→impatient不耐烦的

in

formal→informal非正式的

convenient→inconvenient不方便的

ir

regular→irregular不规则的

responsible→irresponsible不负责任的

mis

lead→mislead误导

understand→misunderstand误解

non

nonsmoker不吸烟者

nonstop直达的

un

usual→unusual不寻常的

willing→unwilling不愿意的

less

hope→hopeless绝望的

end→endless没完没了的

考点七变动词的前缀和后缀

1.Travellingabroadcanbroaden(broad)ourhorizons.

2.Thecleverboyhastheabilitytosimplify(simple)thatdullstory.

3.Heeventuallyrealized(real)hisambitiontobecomeascientist.

en

able→enable使能够

large→enlarge扩大

rich→enrich使充实

broad→broaden(使)变宽

ripe→ripen(使)成熟

sharp→sharpen使尖锐

wide→widen加宽

ify

class→classify把……分类

just→justify证明……正确

simple→simplify简化

ize

apology→apologize道歉

emphasis→emphasize强调

考点八ed形容词和ing形容词

1.Thefrighteningshoutfrightenedtheboys.

=Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.(frighten)

2.Hissurprisedlooksuggestedthatheknewnothingaboutit.(surprise)

3.Thestorysoundsinterestingandweareinterestedinthestory.(interest)

一些动词,如excite,disappoint,encourage,puzzle,surprise,confuse,interest,satisfy,please,shock,astonish,disturb,bore等,其现在分词(ing)和过去分词(ed)都能转化为形容词。

Thestorywasverymovingandweweredeeplymoved.这个故事非常感人,我们都被深深地感动了。

[易错提示] 此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时,动词的ing形式和动词的ed的区别:

动词的ing形式用来说明主语的特性,表示该表情或声音令人怎么样,因此译作“令人……的”;

动词的ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。

1.Fortunately(fortunate),Natalie'

sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'

sbridgeclosed.

2.It'

sstillausefulandpleasantformofcommunication(communicate).

3.Itisnotsurprising(surprise)thatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.

4.Chinesescientistsrecently(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.

5.Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowth(grow)inautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.

6.Someschoolswillhavetomakeadjustments(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.

7.Weshouldseefailure(fail)asarequirementformovingtowardsourgoals.

8.Youcanliveamorepowerful(power)lifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.

9.Antsaregatheringtheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummerandmakepreparations(prepare)forthelongcoldwinter.

10.Itisdangerous(danger)forawomantowalkaloneatnight.

1.Witheachshovelofdirtwhichhithisback,thedonkeywasdoingsomething→amazing

2.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'

tnaturallysharefoodeither.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,areextremely→cooperative

兰州模拟)Whenwefelthunger,wewentoutandhad→hungry

4.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyand→tasty

5.Theyaretruegoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecovering→truly

Ⅰ.语法填空

Onthefirstdayofherwork,Sallyfoundthataclassfullofproblemswaswaitingforher.Shewastoldsixteachers1.(quit)beforeher.Whenshewalkedintotheclassroom,itwaschaos:

twoboyswerefightinginacorner,yet2.restoftheclassseemednottonoticethem;

somegirlswerechattingandsomewererunningaboutwithpaper,foodpackagesandothergarbage3.(leave)everywhere.

Sallywalkedontotheplatform,4.(pick)upapieceofchalkandwroteontheblackboard:

“Rule1:

Wearefamily!

”Allstudentsstopped5.(look)ather.AndshecontinuedwithRule2,Rule3...Inthefollowingweeks,Sallyworkedout10classrulesandpostedthem6.thewallsofthepatientlyexplainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.

7.(surprise),Sallywasnotdrivenoutliketheformerteachers;

8.,shewonrespectfromthetheyears,shewitnessedgradualchangesintheclass.Atthegraduationceremony,just9.sheexpected,shewasveryproudtostandwithaclassofcare,mannersand10.(confide

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