完整word版英语句子成分教案Word文档格式.docx
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4.
定语分为前置定语和后置定语
1专业专一铸就一致
难点1.句子的主要成分
2.状语的辨别
3.定语的辨别
4.宾语补足语
考点1.区分句子构造
2.辨别句子的主要成分
3.能够正确的翻译句子
技术提高经过本课的学习,使学生能够清楚的区分出句子的主要成分及次要成分,并能够清楚的理解句子构造
教课成效自评及课后反省
2专业专一铸就一致
教课进度和教课内容
(一)句子成分的定义:
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分:
主要成分有主语和谓语;
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:
主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首。
但在therebe构造、疑问句(当
主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或神态动词后边。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
一句话语法:
主语由名词性的词来充任.
比如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular(.名词)
ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher.
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass(.代词)
Theygotoschoolbybus.
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls(.数词)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure(.不定式)
Toseeistobelieve.
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth(.动名词)
WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.
It’snouseregrettingit.
Therichshouldhelpthepoor(.名词化的形容词)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided(主.语从句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage(.it作形式主语,真实的主语为后边的不定式)
(三)谓语:
谓语说明主语所做的动作或拥有的特点和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在
主语以后。
注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语,不可以作谓语。
谓语由动词充任。
有好多同学在写作的时候简单犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.
1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词依据其
3专业专一铸就一致
后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(1)、及物动词作谓语
Weshouldhelpeachother.
Theyrespectoneanother.
Allofthestudentslikethenovel.
Didyouseemanypeoplethere?
(2)、不及物动词作谓语
Helefthereyesterday.
You’redrivingtoofast.
Theteachercamein,bookinhand.
HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.
(3)连系动词表状态
Heisanexcellentteacher.
Hersonisafriendofours.
Oursisagreatcountry.
Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.
2、谓语的组成以下:
(1)、简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语组成。
如:
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
(2)、复合谓语:
(a)由神态动词或其余助动词加动词原形组成。
注意:
这里面的动词原形特别重要.如:
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(b)由系动词加表语组成。
Wearestudents.
(四)表语:
表语用以说明主语的身份、特点和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)以后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
表语使用形容词,不用副词!
比如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican(.名词)
Theyarebrotherandsister.
Johniscaptainoftheteam.
Isityours?
(代词)
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WhatIwanttosayisthis.
Thepoorboywasmyself.
Theweatherhasturnedcold(.形容词)
Thespeechisexciting(.分词)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?
(数词)
Herfatherissixty-five.
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport.
Hishobby(喜好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)
Myfavouritesportisswimming.
Themachinemustbeoutoforder(.介词短语)
副词能够做表语的只有几个,特别简单,考试不考,因此上边说:
表语使用形容词,不用副词!
我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家必定要记着。
Timeisup.Theclassisover(.副词)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad(.表语从句)
(五)宾语:
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后边。
充任宾语的可
以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。
宾语由名词性的词充任,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别组成动宾构造和
介词构造,这点特别重要,务必需切记.比如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday(.名词)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime(.代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?
Ihavefive(.数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday(.名词化形容词)
Hepretendednottoseeme(.不定式短语)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),比如:
Lendmeyourdictionary,please如.果同
学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下边这个句子:
givemeabook.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说
得白一点,双就是两个的意思.
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(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),比如:
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)宾语补足语:
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语之外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完好,宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:
某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充任。
宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.比如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)
Youmustkeepitclean.
Tomfoundtheclimbquiteeasy.
Letthefreshairin.(副词)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)
Ihavealotofworktodo.
Shehasplentyofclothestowear.
Hemademerepeatthestory
Wesawherenteringtheroom(.此刻分词)
Ihavethecarwaiting.
Whydon’tyouhaveyourhaircut?
(-ed分词)
Wehadthemachinerepaired.
Ihadmywatchstolenyesterday
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder(.介词短语)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)
(注意:
后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等;
后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep,find,get,think,make等;
动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等,使役动词如let,have,make等,动词不定式不带to。
)
(七)定语:
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语,是句子中的次要成分。
可
分为前置定语和后置定语。
一般有形容词,形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动
6专业专一铸就一致
词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充任。
定语使用形容词比如:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Mr.Greenhastwosons(.数词)
Themandownstairscouldn’tsleep(副well词).
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;
Americaisadevelopedcountry(.分词)
Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.
Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool(.名词)
Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion.
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised(.代词)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom(.不定式短语)
Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout(.动名词)
Abarkingdogseldombites.
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish(.介词短语)
ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.
DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr.Green?
(从句)
(八)状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
状语用副词,不用形容词,说明动作或状态特点的句子成分,叫做状语。
由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充任。
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination(.不定式短语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane(.分词短语)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue(.状语从句)
状语种类以下:
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Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?
(时间状语)
Hearingthenews,theyfeltveryexcited.
Goalongthisstreetuntilyoureachtheend.
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地址状语)
PandasonlyliveinChina.
Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain(.原由状语)
I’mgladtomeetyou.
Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.
Ihavequitealotofworktodo.(程度状语)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)
Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheothers.
Givenmoreattention,theflowerswouldhavegrownbetter.
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare(.方式状语)
Weusuallygotoschoolonfoot.
PleasedoitasItoldyou.
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand(.陪伴状语)Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.
Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder(.目的状语)
We’llgotothebeachforapicnicthisSunday.
Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.
Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthefirstbus.
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately(.结果状语)
Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.
Heleftearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold(.退步状语)
Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.
Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillneverloseheart.
Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)
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Yourwatchisnotthesameasmine.
Mikeisnotas(so)tallasJack.
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讲堂金思想训练题
指出以下句中主语的中心词
①theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②thereisanoldmancominghere.
③theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)
①idon'
tlikethepictureonthewall.
a.don'
tb.likec.pictured.wall
②thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
a.getb.longerc.daysd.summer
③doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
a.dob.usuallyc.god.bus
④therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
a.willbeb.meetingc.thelibraryd.afternoon
⑤didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
a.didb.twinsc.haved.Breakfast
挑出以下句中的宾语.
abcd
②peopleallovertheworldspeakenglish.
③youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
④howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
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课后学生感悟
课后加强训练题
挑出以下句中的表语
1、theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
2、soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
挑出以下句中的定语
①theyusemr.mrs.withthefamilyname.
②whatisyourgivenname?
③onthethirdlapareclass1andclass3.
11专业专一铸就一致