英语九大词性归纳Word下载.docx
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D、表示某国人时,中日不变,英法变,其他国家加s:
(1)Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese
(2)Frenchman-FrenchmenEnglishman-Englishmen
(3)German-GermansRussian-RussiansAmericans
③特殊情况
i.另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。
people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors
ii.有些名词以s结尾,但不是复数形式,如:
news,maths,physics,politics
iii.有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,如:
room(空间)—aroom(房间)work(工作)—works(著作)
(2)不可数名词:
〔前面不能用a,an等来修饰〕
①到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:
A液体类:
water:
juice,tea,soup,milk,cola,coffee
B肉类:
meat,beef,pork,mutton
C粉末类:
bread
D抽象名词类news,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework,houseworkschoolwork,help,fun,health,price
E食物类:
food,broccoli,rice,porridge,junkfood,tofu
②不可数名词计量的表达:
A个数单位词:
piece〔张、片、块、条〕,如:
apieceofnews
B容器单位词:
bottle〔瓶〕,bag〔包〕,box〔盒、箱〕如:
abottleofmilk
文档大全
C位:
kind(种、)
D度量衡位:
kilo(千克、公斤)
▲翻下面的:
1.两杯咖啡:
2.四面包:
3.七袋大米:
4.八只鹿:
5.一滴水:
6.三个男孩:
(3)名所有格〔翻:
⋯⋯的〕:
例句
一般在有生命名后加’s构成
Linda’sdesk
假设以s尾复数名,在s后加’s,假设不
’
是以s尾复数名,加’s
theboysfriends
thechildrensday
表示几个人共同的西,只在最后一个人后
LucyandLily’smother
加’s
表示几个人都分有的西,每个人都
Lucy’sandLily’sbook
表示、距离的名可以加’s或’构成所
Todaysnewspaper
有格形式
Fifteenminutes’walk
表示某人的家、店、所,常省略所有
atmyuncle’s
格后面的名
=atmyuncle’shome
表示无生命事物的所有关系:
一般用..of..构来表示无生命的名所有格:
amapofChina中国地thenameofthefilm的封面
thecoverofthebook影的名字
▲Ⅰ用括号中所的适当形式填空:
1.Thetwogirlsare(Japan)
2.The(baby)areasleep
3.Doyouknowthetwo(manteacher)?
▽当一个名作定明另一个名,个名一般用数。
eg.anappletree,fiveappletrees,agirlfriend,twogirlfriends,atwinsister
但是,当man和woman作定修复数名,就要用其复数形式。
eg.twomenteachers,threewomendoctors
4.
The
(child)arewashingtheir
(foot).
5.Therearetwo
(people)andlotsof
(sheep)inthefields.
6.
September10
is
(teacher)Day.
7.
Ithinkphysics
(be)moreinterestingthanmaths
8.
Don’tyouthinkthe
(radio)aretoonoisy?
9.
Whose
(knife)arethese?
10.“Whosehouseisthis?
〞“It’sthe
(Smith)〞.
2.verb(v.)动词
eg.do,make,go,take,bring
英语中动词根据其后是否可以加宾语又分为:
Vt.(及物动词〕eg.speak,give,sing
Vi.(不及物动词〕eg.run,work
英语中动词有5中形态:
原形,第三人称单数形式,过去式,过去分词〔用于完成时或被动语态中〕,现在分词
do
doesdid
done
doing
work
works
worked
workedworking
I
动词第三人称单数形式变化(三单变化)
动词原形
三单变化
直接+s
help/make
helps/makes
以字母s/x/ch/sh为guess/wash/watch
guesses/washes/watches
结尾+es
以“辅音字母+y〞study/carry/fly
studies/carries/flies
为结尾,变y为i+es
以o为结尾的局部
do/go
does/goes
单词+es
have
特殊变化
has
II.动词过去式和过去分词变化
(1)规那么变化
过去式和过去分词
直接+ed
work/call/want
worked/called/wanted
以“辅音字母+y〞为结尾,study/try/carry
studied/tried/carried
变y为i+ed
重读闭音节元音+辅音结
stop/plan
stopped/planned
尾+ed
以字母e为结尾+d
live/hope
lived/hoped
(2)
不规那么变化需要单独记忆
III
动词的现在分词形式变化
现在分词
直接+ing
help/work
helping/working
以e为结尾,去e加ing
make/move
making/moving
重读闭音节元音+辅音结尾
get/begin
getting/beginning
+ing
lie/die/tie
lying/dying/tying
以ie为结尾,变ie为y+ing
⑴时态〔找时间标志词〕:
一般现在时:
结构:
am/is/areplay/plays
一般将来:
构:
判断:
sometimes,often,usually,always,every,
在if/assoonas等复合句中,主将从
1.
Ifyou________hard,you
willpasstheexam.
A.studies
B.study
C.willstudy
D.isstudying
在行:
am/is/areplaying
Look,Listen,now,Where’ssb?
典型例:
1.--Where’smom?
Iwanttogoshoppingwithher.--She______inthebedroom.
A.readsB.read
C.isreadingD.hasread
一般去:
was/wereplayed
yesterday,last⋯,⋯ago及境.
1.--Youlooktired.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?
--I______tillnight.
A.worksB.worked
willplay
tomorrow,next⋯及境,
在if/assoonas等主从复合句中,主将从.
1.She________meassoonasshegetsthere.
A.callsB.callC.calledD.willcall
去行:
was/wereplaying
atthattime,atthistime,yesterday,by+去,
bytheendof+去常用于有when/while的主从复合句中.
1.Mom______inthekitchenwhenIgothome.
A.cooksB.cook
C.wascookingD.cooked
2.I________myhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.
A.didB.doC.willdoD.wasdoing
在完成〔作从去持到在〕:
has/haveplayed
just,already,yet,ever,never,sofar〔到目前止〕
次数(once,twice)
since+点,for+段,howlong⋯
1.He______inthefactoryfortwoyears.
C.isworkingD.hasworked
⑵被,〔主与构成被关系〕:
主+be(am/is/was/were/willbe)+done
①Theholeshould(dig)deepenough.
②Thestudents(tell)tocleantheclassroom.
情〔can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared)
敢,need等,另外,haveto、hadbetter也当作情使用〕后加原形
▲
(1)
A
Tom_________(come)fromAmerica.Nowhe(teach)
EnglishinamiddleschoolinBeijing.Inhisfreetime,hewouldlike________
(go)inforatraditionalsportsothathecan(learn)more
aboutChinese.
B
Now,peopleusesatellitestodomanythings.Sofar,
man(invent)fourkindsofsatellites.Oneof
them(use)tostudytheweather.
Henry,a14-year-oldboy,used
tothedoctorand(tell)
(be)toofattoplaysports.Hewent
tohaveabalanceddiet.Sohetried___
____(noteat)toomuchmeatorsugarbecausetheymightmakehimgetheavier.Now
heisn’tfatatall.Hedoessportseverydayand(become)a
memberoftheschoolsoccerteam.NextweekHenrywilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeet.
Mymotherisverykindandeasygoing,shehelpsmealot.
I(take)goodcareofinmydailylifebyher.WhenI’mintrouble,shealwaysencouragesmetofacemydifficulties.Withherhelp,
I(become)atopstudentinmyclassalready.Ibelieve
she(be)proudofmeinthenearfuture.
3.adjective(adj.)形容词
eg.good,beautiful,nice,happy,long
英中形容有两种形式:
比和最高eg.good-better-bestnice-nicer-nicest
1.比、最高的构成
①一般在尾加er或est
great--greater——greatest
②以e尾的只加r或st
nice——nicer----nicest
③以音字母加y尾的,先yi,再加e
heavy——heavier——heaviest
或es
easy——easier——easiest
busy——busier——busiest
funny——funnier——funniest
early——earlier
→earliest
④以重音尾的,先双写最末的一个
big——bigger——biggest
,
音字母,再加er或est
thin
——
thinnest
thinner
fat—fatter→fattest,fit—fitter
→fittest
⑤音和局部双音,前加more比,
careful
→morecareful——mostcareful
加(the)most最高
useful——moreuseful——mostuseful
popular
→morepopular→mostpopular
⑥不化的
good/well→better→best
bad/ill/badly→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest(指年大小)/
eldest(指幼序)
far→farther/further→farthest(指距离)/
furthest(指程度)
2.形容和副比、最高的用法(形容最高前面要加定冠the)
(1)形容和副比的用法
①用于两者比,表示“比⋯更⋯〞〔than前加比〕:
eg.Iamtwoyearsolderthanmylittlesister.
②用于两者之的同比,表示“⋯和⋯一〞〔as+原+as⋯〕:
eg.Billisasfunnyashisfather.
③表示甲在某方面不如乙:
“A+系+not+as/so+形容i司原+as十B〞〔as/so+原+as〕
eg.Thesebooksaren’tasinterestingasthose.
④表示某个范内的三者相比:
“the+最高+of短(比范)+复数名〞
eg.Pennyisthetallestofthesegirls..Penny是些女孩中最高的一个。
⑤表示“越来越⋯〞:
“比+and+比〞
eg.Inspringthedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.在春天,白天得越来越。
⑥表示“越⋯越⋯〞:
“the+比⋯the+比〞
eg.Themort:
youpracticeusingEnglish,thebetteryou’lllearn你it英得越多,就会学得越好。
⑦在比中,了防止重复,可用that或those代替前面提到的事情。
Thepantsinthisshoparealotbetterthanthose(=thepants)inthatshop.家商店的子比那家商店的子量好得多。
4.adverb(adv.)副词
eg.fast,quickly,badly,well,happily及率副:
much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too英中副也有两种形式:
比和最高eg.fast-faster-fatest
副可修与形容,分放在之后,形容前。
Eg:
ShespeaksEnglishwell.
Hehasaverynicewatch.
▲
(1)About20minuteslater,Lizziemanagedto(success)pullherself
(2)Theriverwassopollutedthatit______(actual)caughtfireandburned.
(3)Ifso,youcan(simple)dosomeonlineshopping.
(4)Theywere(extreme)close!
5.pronoun(pron.)代词
eg.this,that,it,she,he,I,you,they
英中代有:
人称代,指示代①人称代又有主格和格,形容性物主代和名性物主代
I是主格作主,一般位于句首。
my是形容性物主代,用于名前作定:
我的,
mybook
me的格形式,位于后作,如:
Doyouunderstandme?
你懂我?
mine
是名性物主代,相当于my+名的意
Itismine=itismybook.
Mineismissing=mypenismissing.
主格
you
he
she
It
we
they
宾格
me
him
her
it
us
them
形容词性
my
your
his
its
our
Your
their
物主代词
名词性
mineYourshishersitsoursyoursTheirs
有反身代的常用短。
teachoneself自学helponeselfto随便吃些⋯吧
learn...byoneself自学⋯enjoyoneself得愉快
②不定代
〔1〕each"
每个/各个〞(个体)
〔2〕every"
每个/各个〞(全体)
〔3〕both表示两者“都〞(全体)
〔4〕all全“体/大家/一切〞