高考英语一轮复习专题训练第三部分专题三推理判断题.docx
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高考英语一轮复习专题训练第三部分专题三推理判断题
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习专题训练第三部分专题三推理判断题
Passage1[xx甲卷(全国Ⅱ),D]
体裁
话题
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建议时间
说明文
植物如何进行自我保护
289
★★★
6分钟
Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn’tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalsefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganicpounds,VOCsforshort.
ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?
Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.
Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbeeslunch.
Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.
Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?
Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto"overhear"thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.
CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.
32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?
A.Itmakesnoises.
B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.
C.Itstandsquietly.
D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.
33.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"thetablesareturned"inparagraph3?
A.Theattackersgetattacked.
B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.
C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.
D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.
34.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan .
A.predictnaturaldisasters
B.protectthemselvesagainstinsects
C.talktooneanotherintentionally
D.helptheirneighborswhennecessary
35.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.
B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.
C.Theworldismoreplexthanitseems.
D.PeopleinDarwin’stimeweremoreimaginative.
Passage2[xx浙江,B]
体裁
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说明文
晚睡的坏习惯
211
★★★
6分钟
GettinglesssleephasbeeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(调查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.
Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest;mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!
Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?
WatchTV.
"MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunities(机会)tostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone,"saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.
Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsinEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:
25amto8:
30am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.
25.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?
A.Americankids’sleepinghabits.
B.Teenagers’sleep-relateddiseases.
C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness.
D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.
26.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?
A.7hours.B.8hours.
C.10hours.D.18hours.
27.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?
A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.
B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.
C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.
D.Theydon’tneedtogotoschoolearly.
Passage3[xx北京,B]
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