四级听力短对话 9种常含句式Word格式文档下载.docx
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【解析】观点态度题。
本题考查对but转折句式的理解。
对话中女士提到,这已经不是Jane第一次让她们久等了,男生表示认同,接着用转折句式表示Jane到这里的确要经过交通拥堵的路段,由此可知,男生推断Jane迟到可能是因为在路上遇到了堵车,故答案为[A]。
2.though,yet,however等其他转折
【例2】(06-6-10)
[A]Jimmyisnotseriousinmakingdecisions.
[B]Jimmyisrichenoughtobuyabighouse.
[C]Jimmyswordsareoftennotreliable.
[D]JimmywillregretmarryingaFrenchwoman.
JimmysaidthathewasgoingtomarryarichFrenchbusinesswoman.
Dontbesosure.Heoncetoldmethathehadboughtabighouse,yetheisstillsharinganapartmentwithMark.
女士说Jimmy告诉她说他要娶一位富有的Frenchbusinesswoman,男士话中的Dontbesosure(别这么确定)表明他并不相信Jimmy的话,并解释说Heonce…yetheisstillsharinganapartmentwithMark(Jimmy曾说自己买了一处豪宅,但实际上他仍和Mark同住一所公寓),由此可知,Jimmy爱说大话,即他的话notreliable,故答案为[C]。
二、虚拟句式
1.if虚拟条件句 虚拟条件句,又称非真实条件句,它所表示的假设是根本不可能或不太可能发生的事情。
主、从句谓语的基本形式如下:
表示时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反were/didwould/should/might/could+be/do与过去事实相反hadbeen/haddonewould/should/might/could+havebeen/havedone与将来事实相反should/wereto+be/dowould/should/might/could+be/do
【例3】(10-6-15)
[A]Heunderstandsthewomansfeelings.
[B]Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.
[C]Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.
[D]Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.
Iwassoangryyesterday!
MybiologyteacherdidnotevenletmeexplainwhyImissedthefieldtrip.Hejustwouldntletmepass!
Thatdoesntseemfair.IdfeelthatwaytooifIwereyou.
本题考查对虚拟句式的理解。
女士向男士抱怨说她的生物老师不听她解释为什么她没有去实地见习(fieldtrip),就直接给了她一个不及格,男士通过虚拟句式“如果我是你,我也会有同感”表示,他十分理解女士的感受,故答案为[A]。
2.wish后的虚拟语气动词wish后的宾语从句一般使用虚拟语气,表示不太可能或没有把握实现的愿望。
宾语从句的谓语动词主要有三种形式:
表示对现在的愿望,用were或动词的过去式;
表示对过去的愿望,用“had+过去分词”或“would/should/could/mighthave+过去分词”;
表示对将来的愿望,用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
【例4】
(07-6-13)
[A]Themanregretsbeingabsentminded.
[B]Thewomansavedthemansometrouble.
[C]Themanplacedthereadinglistonadesk.
[D]Thewomanemptiedthewastepaperbasket.
IwishIhadntthrownawaythatreadinglist!
Ithoughtyoumightregretit.ThatswhyIpickeditupfromthewastepaperbasketandleftitonthedesk.
Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
【解析】事实状况题。
男士通过虚拟句式IwishIhadntthrown…!
(我真希望我没有…!
)表示他很后悔扔了那张readinglist,女士则说她想到男士可能会后悔,所以她当时又把那张单子捡回来了,由此可知女士savedthemansometrouble,故答案为[B]。
3.Ithought…表示“原以为…”,但事实并非如此。
【例5】(95-6-9)
[A]Fivelessons.
[B]Threelessons.
[C]Twelvelessons.
[D]Fifteenlessons.
ProfessorClarksaidthatthemidtermexamwouldcoverthefirst15lessons.
Really?
Ithoughtitonlyincludedthefirst12lessons.ThenImustspendtheweekendtogoovertherestofthelessons.
Howmanylessonsmustthemanreviewovertheweekend?
【解析】数字信息题。
男士通过虚拟句式Ithoughtitonlyincluded…(我原以为只包含…)表明自己只复习了12课,但考试范围是15课,所以男士还必须再复习threelessons,故答案为[B]。
4.ifonly后的虚拟语气ifonly后面的句子常用虚拟语气,表达对无法实现的愿望的一种感叹或惋惜,常译为“要是…就好了!
”。
句子的谓语动词主要有三种形式:
表示对过去的愿望,用“had+过去分词”或“couldhave+过去分词”;
表示对将来的愿望,用“would+动词原形”。
【例6】
(06-6-1)
[A]Theyenjoyedthepartybetterthantheotherguests.
[B]Theyknewnoneoftheotherguestsattheparty.
[C]Theydidntthinkmuchofthefoodanddrinks.
[D]Theywentalongwaytoattendtheparty.
Ithinkthehostessreallywentoutofherwaytomakethepartyasuccess.
Yes.Thefoodanddrinksweregreat.Butifonlywehadknownafewoftheotherguests.
Whatdidthetwospeakerssayabouttheparty?
对话中女士通过虚拟语气ifonlywehadknown…(要是我们认识几个其他的客人就好了)来表达心愿未遂的遗憾,其中隐含的事实是“他们不认识其他客人”,故答案为[B]。
5.含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句是指假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表示出来,而是通过without,butfor,butthat,otherwise,or等词或短语引出。
【例7】
[A]Shesuggestedawayoutofthedifficultyfortheman.
[B]Shetookthemantowherehewantedtogo.
[C]Shecamealongwaytomeettheman.
[D]Shepromisedtohelptheman.
Thankyouforyourhelpfulassistance.Otherwise,Idsurelyhavemissedit.Theplaceissooutoftheway.
Itwasapleasuremeetingyou.Goodbye!
Whydidthemanthankthewoman?
男士话中的Idsurelyhavemissedit明显使用了虚拟语气(谓语为wouldhavedone的形式),otherwise在这里相当于虚拟条件句iftherewerentyourhelpfulassistance,实际情况是由于女士的帮助,男士没有错过it,由后一句可知it指代theplace,故答案为[B]。
6.“should/shouldnt/neednt/…+havedone”表虚拟含义 表示“本应该做某事而实际上没有做/本不应该做某事但实际上却做了/本不必做某事但实际上却做了/…”等含义。
【例8】
[A]Themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaid.
[B]Themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospital.
[C]Thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjury.
[D]Thewomanmaynothavefollowedthedoctorsinstructions.
YouseeIstillhavethispaininmyback,thismedicinethedoctorgavemewassupposedtomakemefeelbetterbynow.
Maybeyoushouldvetakenitthreetimesadayasyouweretold.
女士说尽管她已经吃了药,但现在后背仍然很疼,男士通过虚拟句式youshouldvetakenitthreetimes…表明女士本应遵照医嘱每天吃三次药,但实际上却没有吃,由此可知女士可能没有followedthedoctorsinstructions,故答案为[D]。
7.“couldnthavedone+形容词或副词比较级”表虚拟含义 否定形式表肯定含义,即“再不能更…”=“非常…”。
【例9】
[A]Shesneverwatchedabettergame.
[B]Footballisherfavoritepastime.
[C]Thegamehasbeencanceled.
[D]Theirteamplayedverybadly.M:
ImsorryImissedthefootballgame,butIhadaterriblecold.
Youdidntmissanything.Wecouldnthaveplayedworse.
Whatdoesthewomanimply?
女士通过虚拟句式Wecouldnthaveplayedworse表示她们踢得“不可能比这更糟糕了”,也就是说她们队在比赛中playedverybadly,故答案为[D]。
三、建议句式
谈话的一方向另一方提出建议是四级听力考试中常出现的一类场景,因此掌握一些表达建议的常用句式,将对理解对话和解答问题有很大帮助。
1.hadbetterdosth.(最好…)
【例10】(05-12-1)
[A]Seeadoctor.
[B]Stayinbedforafewdays.
[C]Gettreatmentinabetterhospital.
[D]Makeaphonecalltothedoctor.
Caroltoldusonthephonenottoworryabouther.Herleftlegdoesnthurtasmuchasitdidyesterday.
Shedbetterhaveitexaminedbyadoctoranyway.AndIllcallheraboutitthisevening.
WhatdoesthemanthinkCarolshoulddo?
男士通过Shedbetterhaveitexamined…表达了自己的看法:
Carol本应该去看医生的,故答案为[A]。
2.How/Whataboutdoingsth.?
(…怎么样?
)
【例11】(02-6-3)
[A]Havingabreak.
[B]Continuingthemeeting.
[C]Movingontothenextitem.
[D]Waitingalittlelonger.
Ithinkwevecoveredeverything.Whataboutacupofcoffeebeforewemoveontothenextitem?
Goodidea.Ireallycantwaitanotherminute.
Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?
【解析】行为活动题。
女士通过典型句式Whatabout…?
建议在继续工作之前先喝acupofcoffee,而acupofcoffee在英美国家通常指coffeebreak,即喝咖啡的休息时间,故答案为[A]。
3.Whynotdosth.?
或Whydontyou/wedosth.?
(为什么不…?
【例12】(10-6-12)
[A]Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.
[B]Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.
[C]Themanneedntgoshoppingeveryweek.
[D]Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.
DoyouthinkIcouldborrowyourcartogogroceryshopping?
Thesupermarketsoutsidethecityaresomuchcheaper.Idalsobehappytopickupanythingyouneed.
Well,Idontliketoletanyoneelsedrivemycar.Tellyouwhat,whydontwegotogether?
Whatdoesthewomanmean?
男士想借女士的车去超市购物,女士通过whydont…?
句式提议他们一起去,由此可推知,女士会开车载男士去超市,故答案为[A]。
4.may/mightaswelldosth.(还是…的好/最好还是…)
【例13】
(05-1-10)
[A]Theyshouldntchangetheirplan.
[B]Theydbetterchangetheirmind.
[C]Thetennisgamewontlastlong.
[D]Weatherforecastsarenotreliable.
Iftheweatheristhishottomorrow,wemayaswellgiveuptheideaofplayingtennisintheafternoon.
Oh,Idontthinkitwilllastlong.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillcloudoverbymidafternoon.
Whatdoesthemanmean?
女士建议说如果明天还是这么热的话,他们mayaswellgiveuptheidea…(还是取消下午打网球的计划吧),男士则说他认为天气不会一直这么热下去,言外之意是说他们不应该changetheirplan,故答案为[A]。
5.shall(should)/shouldntdosth.(应该/不应该…)
【例14】(03-6-5)
[A]Themanisthinkingabouttakinganewjob.
[B]Themanlikesajobthatenableshimtotravel.
[C]Themanissurethathewillgainmorebytakingthejob.
[D]Themandoesntwanttostayhomeandtakecareoftheirchild.M:
Marydoesntwantmetotakethejob.Shesaysourchildistooyoungandthejobrequiresmuchtraveling.
Youshouldtalktoheragainandseeifyoucanfindawayout.Thinkaboutthegainsandlossesbeforeyoumakeadecision.
由男士所说的Marydoesntwantmetotakethejob可推测,他很可能正在考虑是否接受一份新工作,故答案为[A]。
对话中女士建议男士再好好和Mary谈谈(Youshouldtalk…),进一步说明了男士还在考虑之中。
6.maybe…(或许…)
【例15】
[A]Themanshouldphonethehotelfordirections.
[B]Themancanaskthedepartmentstoreforhelp.
[C]Shedoesnthavethehotelsphonenumber.
[D]Thehotelisjustaroundthecorner.
Excuseme,butcouldyoutellmehowtogettotheFriendshipHotel?
Ithoughtitwasonthiscorner,butIseemtohavemadeamistake.
Iamsorry,butIamastrangerheremyself.Maybeyoucantrycallingthem.Thereisaphoneoverthereoutsidethedepartmentstore.
男士问女士怎么gettotheFriendshipHotel,女士以典型句式Maybeyoucantrycallingthem建议男士打电话给酒店问路,故答案为[A]。
7.反问句表达建议
【例16】(05-1-2)
[A]Tonyshouldcontinuetakingthecourse.
[B]SheapprovesofTonysdecision.
[C]Tonycanchooseanothersciencecourse.
[D]ShecantmeetTonysoearlyinthemorning.
Imgoingtodropmyinformationsci