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[详析]alternativefuels--替代燃料
Alternativefuelsincludecompressednaturalgas,alcohols,liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG),andelectricity.
B
barriereffectofmountains山的阻隔效应、栅栏效应
beachgoern.海滩游客
biomesn.生物群系
[详析]biospheren.生物圈
Theterrestrialbiosphereincludesthelivingbiota(plantsandanimals)andthelitterandsoilorganicmatteronland,andthemarinebiosphereincludesthebiotaanddetritusintheoceans.
[详析]biotan.[生态]生物区
Biotameanstheanimalandplant(faunaandflora)lifeofagivenarea.
[详析]blackholen.黑洞
Blackholeisaplacewherethegravityissostrongthatlightcan'
tevenescapefromit.howwouldyouknowwheretolookforit?
itcanalsobeinterpretedasgatewaystoanalternativeuniverse.
C
canopyn.树冠,华盖
carexhaustn.汽车尾气
carbondioxide(CO2)n.二氧化碳
carbonmonoxide(CO)n.一氧化碳
cleanenergyn.清洁能源
climaten.气候
climaticanomaly气候异常
climaticzones气候带
Temperate温带(气候)
thecooltemperatezone寒温带
thewarmtemperatezone暖温带
Tropical热带(气候)
Subtropical亚热带(气候)
Tundra苔原(气候)
Equatorial赤道(气候)
Arid干旱(气候)
Mediterranean地中海式(气候)
Polar(arctic)极地(气候)
Mountains高山(气候)
Plateau高原(气候)
Maritime海洋性(气候)
Continentalclimate大陆气候
clintn.石芽
coastlinen.海岸线
combustionn.燃烧
cometn.彗星
contaminationn.污染
continentalplate大陆板块
continentalshelves大陆架
contingencyn.偶发事件
convectionn对流
corrasionn.侵蚀
cost-effectiveadj.成本效益好的,合算的
cumulonimbuscloudsn.积雨云
[详析]CleanAirActn.清洁空气法案
The1990CleanAirActAmendmentsarethemostfar-reachingrevisionsofthe1970law.Inthissummary,werefertothe1990amendmentsasthe1990CleanAirAct.
[详析]cleanfuelsn.清洁燃料
Low-pollutionfuelsthatcanreplaceordinarygasoline
[详析]confluencen.汇流(处)
Aconfluenceiswhereariverjoinsanotherriver.
D
dailymaximumtemperaturesn.日最高气温
dailyminimumtemperaturesn.日最低气温
deathtolln.死亡人数
debrisflow泥石流
decompositionn.分解,腐烂
deepwatern.深冷水区
domesticsewagen.生活污水
droughtn.旱灾
duststormn.沙尘暴
[例子]deforestationn.森林砍伐
Effortshavebeenmadetostopdeforestation----theremovalofforeststandsbycuttingandburningtoprovidelandforagriculturalpurposes,residentialorindustrialbuildingsites,roads,etc.orbyharvestingthetreesforbuildingmaterialsorfuel.
[例子]desertificationn.(土壤)沙漠化,荒漠化
Overgrazingofrangelands,large-scalecuttingofforestsandwoodlands,drought,andburningofextensiveareasallservetodestroyordegradethelandcoverandcausedesertification.
E
earthquaken.地震
earthquakemagnitude震级
eco-agriculture生态农业
ecologicalimpact生态影响
eco-technology生态技术
emissionn.排气;
排放物
eddyn./v.旋涡,起旋涡
EnvironmentAbstracts《环境文摘》environmentalauditing环境审核
environmentalawareness环保意识
environmentalbenefit环境效益
environmentaldegradation环境恶化
environmentalhazards环境危机
environmentallapserate气温垂直递减率
environmentalmanagement环境管理
environmentalthreats环境威胁
environmentalistn.环境保护主义者
epicentern.震中
Equatorn.赤道
equatorialzone赤道地区
existingenvironmentalregulations现有环境规范条例
extinctspecies灭绝的物种
[详析]ecosystemn.生态系统
Anecosystemisdefinedasplacehavinguniquephysicalfeatures,encompassingair,water,andland,andhabitatssupportingplantandanimallife.
[详析]ElNinoSouthernOscillation(ENSO)(气候学)厄尔尼诺南徊现象
厄尔尼诺是西班牙语"
ElNino"
的音译。
厄尔尼诺洋流南美洲西海岸海洋表面的一支暖洋流,那时海底不再有冷的、丰富营养的海水,能引起鲸鱼和鱼类的死亡并且影响大部分太平洋地区的气候。
在南美厄瓜多尔和秘鲁沿岸,海水每年都会出现季节性增暖现象,因为这种现象发生在圣诞节前后,则被当地渔民称为厄尔尼诺-即"
圣婴"
(上帝之子)的意思。
现在厄尔尼诺一词已被气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常增暖的现象(在海洋气象学中规定,该海域海水表层温度高出气候平均值0.5℃以上,且持续时间超过6个月以上时定为厄尔尼诺出现)。
ThetermElNinomeans‘ChristChild’andwasfirstusedbyPeruvianfishermeninthelate1800’stodescribethewarmcurrentappearingoffthewesterncoastofPeruaroundChristmastime.ElNino,anditssisterevent–LaNina–aretheextremephasesofthesouthernoscillation,withElNinoreferringtoawarmingoftheeasterntropicalPacific,andLaNinaacooling.又见L词条中LaNinaphenomenon拉尼娜现象
[详析]environmentn.环境
Environmentreferstothesumofallexternalconditionsaffectingthelife,development,andsurvivalofanorganism.
F
fjordn.峡湾
floodn.洪水;
洪灾
forestcoveragerate森林覆盖率
forestationn.造林
freshwaterpollution淡水污染
[详析]firnn.积雪;
万年雪;
冰原
Materialthatistransitionalbetweensnowandglacierice.Itisformedfromsnowafterpassingthroughonesummermeltseasonandbecomesglaciericeafteritspermeabilitytoliquidwaterfallstozero.
[详析]foodchain食物链
Asequenceoforganisms,eachofwhichusesthenextlowermemberofthesequenceasafoodsource.
[详析]fossilfuel矿物燃料如石油、煤、天然气等,由古代生物衍生而成
Anyhydrocarbondepositthatcanbeburnedforheatorpower,suchaspetroleum,coal,andnaturalgas.
[详析]fungi(pluralformoffungus)n.真菌(包括酵母、霉菌、担子菌和蘑菇等)
Molds,mildews,yeasts,mushrooms,andpuffballs,agroupoforganismsthatlackchlorophyllandthereforearenotphotosynthetic.
[glossary][扩展]
moldsn.霉菌
bacterian.细菌
virusesn.病毒(单数形式:
virus)
G
[详析]galaxy[]n.星系,银河
1.Agalaxyreferstoasystemofabout100billionstars.
2.TheMilkyWay银河系
generan.(生物学)属,类(genus单数形式)
geothermalenergyn.地热能
glaciern.冰河
GMT(GreenwichMeanTime)格林威治平时
grainforgreen退耕还林(还草)
grasslandn草地,草原
greenhousegasesn.温室气体
grounddepressionn.面沉降;
地面塌陷
globalwarming全球变暖
[例句]Worldwidetemperatureshavebeenrisingwhichsuggestsaglobalwarming.全世界温度上升,说明全球正在变暖.
gorgen.山峡
[例句]Geologicalearly-warningsystemhasbeensetupinthreegorges.在三峡建了地质预警系统
[详析]greenhouseeffectn.温室效应
Thereisconcernthatincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxideandmethane,mayenhancethegreenhouseeffectandcauseglobalwarming.
[详析]groundcovern.地被植物
Groundcoverreferstoplantsgrowntokeepsoilfromeroding.
[详析]groundwatern.地下水
ItmeansthesupplyoffreshwaterfoundbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth(usuallyinaquifers)thatoftensupplieswellsandsprings.
H
[详析]Hazardousairpollutants(HAPs)危害性空气污染物
chemicalsthatcauseserioushealthandenvironmentaleffects.
habitatn.自然环境,栖息地
hazardouschemicals有害化学物质
hazardoussubstance危险品,有害物质
hazardouswaste危险废弃物
hazen.薄雾,霾
headlandn.岬
Himalayas喜马拉雅山(脉)
hotsprings温泉
[详析]heatislandeffect热岛效应
Citiesformheatislandsduetoincreasedcarbondioxide.
[详析]herbivoren.食草动物
Herbivoreisananimalthatfeedsonplants.
[扩展]
geysers间歇泉
humanexposure人体照射
hydrocarbonn.氮氢化合物,烃
hydrologyn.水文地理学
I
[详析]iceage冰河时期,冰川代
IceAgereferstothelatestglacialepoch,thePleistoceneEpoch.
[详析]icesheet(continentalglacier)(地)大冰原;
冰盾
DuringthePleistoceneEpoch,icesheetscoveredlargepartsofNorthAmericaandnorthernEuropebuttheyarenowconfinedtopolarregions(e.g.,GreenlandandAntarctica).
iceshelf(海)冰架
industrialsolidwastes工业固体废物
insolationn.暴晒;
(医)中暑
internationalenergyforum国际能源论坛
internationalenergyfoundation国际能源组织
isotopen.[化]同位素
[详析]infiltration(soil)n.渗透
Infiltrationmeansmovementofwaterfromthegroundsurfaceintothesoil.
[详析]infraredn.红外线
lightthatissoredhumanscannotseeit
[详析]infraredradiation红外线辐射
AbbreviatedIR;
alsocalled"
longwaveradiation"
.(简写为IR,又称长波辐射)
[详析]isothermn.等温线
Alinethatjoinsplaceswiththesametemperature.
K
karstn.喀斯特地形(由于腐蚀而产生裂隙,落水洞,潜流和洞穴的不规则的石灰岩地区)
akarstcave水蚀石灰洞;
溶洞
L
[详析]LaNinaphenomenon(气候)拉尼娜现象
拉尼娜:
拉尼娜是西班牙语"
LaNina"
-"
小女孩"
的意思。
气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常变冷的现象(海水表层温度低出气候平均值0.5℃以上,且持续时间超过6个月以上)。
拉尼娜也称反厄尔尼诺现象。
厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象通常交替出现,对气候的影响大致相反,通过海洋与大气之间的能量交换,改变大气环流而影响气候的变化。
从近50年的监测资料看,厄尔尼诺出现频率多于拉尼娜,强度也大于拉尼娜。
又见E词条中ElNinoSouthernOscillation(ENSO)(气候学)厄尔尼诺南徊现象
landsubsidence地面沉降
lapserate(山区)气温垂直递减梯度
latitudes纬度
longitudes经度
lifezone(生)生物带
lavan.熔岩,火山岩
leading-edgeresearch尖端研究
lightningn.闪电
litterv.乱扔垃圾
littern.(树林里的)枯枝落叶层
localtopography当地地形
[详析]limestonescenery岩溶景色
Limestonescenery,orkarst,formssomeofthemostattractivesceneryinBritain.
M
marinepollutionn.海洋污染
marshgas;
methanen.沼气
meanannualtemperaturesn.年平均气温
meanmonthlytemperaturesn.月平均气温
Mediterraneann./adj.地中海(的)
meltingSnown.融雪
meteorshowern.流星雨
micro-climatesn.小气候
microorganismn.微生物
midandhighlatitudes中高纬度地区
mineraln.矿物
mistn.薄雾
moistair潮湿空气
moldyadj.霉烂的
mosquitocontroln.蚊虫控制
mountainousregionn.山区
[详析]marshn.湿地,沼泽
Marshisatypeofwetlandthatdoesnotaccumulateappreciablepeatdepositsandisdominatedbyherbaceousvegetation.
[详析]monsoonn.季候风;
(印度等地的)雨季,季风
ThemonsoonsarestrongestinthesouthernandeasternsidesofAsia,butalsooccuralongthecoastsoftropicalregionswherevertheplanetarycirculationisnotstrongenoughtoinhibitthem.
[详析]mouthn.入河口(入海口)
Amouthiswherearivermeetstheseaoranocean.
N
Naturaldisasters/hazardsn.自然灾害、危害
[详析]naturalselectionn.[生]自然选择,物竞天择说
Theprocessofsurvivalofthefittestbywhichorganismsthatadapttotheirenvironmentsurvivewhilethosethatdonotadaptdisappear.
debrisfl