生态 自然和环保词汇Word文件下载.docx

1、详析 alternative fuels -替代燃料Alternative fuels include compressed natural gas, alcohols, liquefied petroleum gas （LPG）, and electricity.Bbarrier effect of mountains 山的阻隔效应、栅栏效应beachgoer n. 海滩游客biomes n. 生物群系 详析 biosphere n. 生物圈The terrestrial biosphere includes the living biota （plants and animals） and

2、 the litter and soil organic matter on land, and the marine biosphere includes the biota and detritus in the oceans.详析 biota n. 生态生物区Biota means the animal and plant （fauna and flora） life of a given area.详析 black hole n. 黑洞Black hole is a place where the gravity is so strong that light cant even es

3、cape from it. how would you know where to look for it? it can also be interpreted as gateways to an alternative universe.Ccanopy n. 树冠, 华盖car exhaust n.汽车尾气carbon dioxide （CO2） n. 二氧化碳 carbon monoxide （CO） n. 一氧化碳clean energy n. 清洁能源climate n. 气候climatic anomaly 气候异常climatic zones 气候带Temperate 温带（气候

4、） the cool temperate zone 寒温带the warm temperate zone 暖温带Tropical 热带（气候）Subtropical 亚热带（气候）Tundra 苔原（气候）Equatorial 赤道（气候）Arid 干旱（气候）Mediterranean 地中海式（气候）Polar （arctic） 极地（气候）Mountains 高山（气候）Plateau 高原 （气候）Maritime 海洋性（气候）Continental climate 大陆气候clint n. 石芽coastline n.海岸线combustion n. 燃烧comet n.彗星con

5、tamination n. 污染continental plate 大陆板块continental shelves 大陆架contingency n. 偶发事件convection n对流corrasion n. 侵蚀cost-effective adj. 成本效益好的，合算的cumulonimbus clouds n. 积雨云详析 Clean Air Act n. 清洁空气法案The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments are the most far-reaching revisions of the 1970 law. In this summary, we re

6、fer to the 1990 amendments as the 1990 Clean Air Act.详析 clean fuels n. 清洁燃料Low-pollution fuels that can replace ordinary gasoline详析 confluence n. 汇流（处）A confluence is where a river joins another river.Ddaily maximum temperatures n. 日最高气温daily minimum temperatures n. 日最低气温death toll n. 死亡人数 debris fl

7、ow 泥石流 decomposition n. 分解，腐烂deep water n. 深冷水区domestic sewage n. 生活污水 drought n. 旱灾dust storm n. 沙尘暴例子 deforestation n.森林砍伐Efforts have been made to stop deforestation -the removal of forest stands by cutting and burning to provide land for agricultural purposes, residential or industrial building

8、sites, roads, etc. or by harvesting the trees for building materials or fuel.例子 desertification n.（土壤）沙漠化，荒漠化Overgrazing of rangelands, large-scale cutting of forests and woodlands, drought, and burning of extensive areas all serve to destroy or degrade the land cover and cause desertification.Eeart

9、hquake n. 地震earthquake magnitude 震级eco-agriculture 生态农业 ecological impact 生态影响eco-technology 生态技术 emission n. 排气；排放物eddy n. / v. 旋涡, 起旋涡Environment Abstracts 环境文摘environmental auditing 环境审核environmental awareness 环保意识 environmental benefit 环境效益 environmental degradation 环境恶化 environmental hazards 环境

10、危机environmental lapse rate气温垂直递减率 environmental management 环境管理environmental threats 环境威胁environmentalist n. 环境保护主义者epicenter n. 震中Equator n. 赤道equatorial zone 赤道地区existing environmental regulations 现有环境规范条例extinct species 灭绝的物种详析 ecosystem n. 生态系统An ecosystem is defined as place having unique physi

11、cal features, encompassing air, water, and land, and habitats supporting plant and animal life.详析El Nino Southern Oscillation （ENSO） （气候学）厄尔尼诺南徊现象厄尔尼诺是西班牙语El Nino的音译。厄尔尼诺洋流南美洲西海岸海洋表面的一支暖洋流，那时海底不再有冷的、丰富营养的海水,能引起鲸鱼和鱼类的死亡并且影响大部分太平洋地区的气候。在南美厄瓜多尔和秘鲁沿岸，海水每年都会出现季节性增暖现象，因为这种现象发生在圣诞节前后，则被当地渔民称为厄尔尼诺-即圣婴（上帝之子）

12、的意思。现在厄尔尼诺一词已被气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常增暖的现象（在海洋气象学中规定，该海域海水表层温度高出气候平均值0.5以上，且持续时间超过6个月以上时定为厄尔尼诺出现）。The term El Nino means Christ Child and was first used by Peruvian fishermen in the late 1800s to describe the warm current appearing off the western coast of Peru around Christmas time. El N

13、ino, and its sister event La Nina are the extreme phases of the southern oscillation, with El Nino referring to a warming of the eastern tropical Pacific, and La Nina a cooling.又见L 词条中La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象详析 environment n. 环境Environment refers to the sum of all external conditions affecting the l

14、ife, development, and survival of an organism.Ffjord n. 峡湾flood n. 洪水；洪灾forest coverage rate 森林覆盖率forestation n. 造林 freshwater pollution 淡水污染详析 firn n. 积雪；万年雪；冰原Material that is transitional between snow and glacier ice. It is formed from snow after passing through one summer melt season and becomes

15、 glacier ice after its permeability to liquid water falls to zero.详析 food chain 食物链A sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next lower member of the sequence as a food source.详析 fossil fuel 矿物燃料如石油、煤、天然气等，由古代生物衍生而成Any hydrocarbon deposit that can be burned for heat or power, such as petroleum

16、, coal, and natural gas.详析 fungi （plural form of fungus） n. 真菌 （包括酵母、霉菌、担子菌和蘑菇等）Molds, mildews, yeasts, mushrooms, and puffballs, a group of organisms that lack chlorophyll and therefore are not photosynthetic.glossary 扩展molds n. 霉菌bacteria n. 细菌viruses n. 病毒（单数形式：virus） G详析galaxy n. 星系, 银河1. A gala

17、xy refers to a system of about 100 billion stars.2. The Milky Way 银河系genera n. （生物学）属, 类（genus 单数形式）geothermal energy n. 地热能glacier n. 冰河GMT （Greenwich Mean Time） 格林威治平时grain for green 退耕还林（还草） grassland n 草地，草原greenhouse gases n. 温室气体ground depression n. 面沉降；地面塌陷global warming 全球变暖例句 Worldwide temp

18、eratures have been rising which suggests a global warming. 全世界温度上升,说明全球正在变暖.gorge n. 山峡例句 Geological early-warning system has been set up in three gorges. 在三峡建了地质预警系统详析 greenhouse effect n. 温室效应There is concern that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane,

19、 may enhance the greenhouse effect and cause global warming.详析ground cover n. 地被植物Ground cover refers to plants grown to keep soil from eroding.详析 groundwater n. 地下水It means the supply of fresh water found beneath the surface of the Earth （usually in aquifers） that often supplies wells and springs.

20、H详析 Hazardous air pollutants （HAPs） 危害性空气污染物chemicals that cause serious health and environmental effects.habitat n. 自然环境，栖息地hazardous chemicals 有害化学物质hazardous substance危险品, 有害物质hazardous waste 危险废弃物haze n. 薄雾，霾headland n. 岬Himalayas 喜马拉雅山（脉）hot springs 温泉 详析 heat island effect 热岛效应Cities form heat

21、 islands due to increased carbon dioxide.详析 herbivore n. 食草动物Herbivore is an animal that feeds on plants.扩展geysers 间歇泉human exposure 人体照射hydrocarbon n. 氮氢化合物，烃hydrology n. 水文地理学I详析 ice age 冰河时期， 冰川代Ice Age refers to the latest glacial epoch, the Pleistocene Epoch.详析 ice sheet （continental glacier） （

22、地） 大冰原；冰盾During the Pleistocene Epoch, ice sheets covered large parts of North America and northern Europe but they are now confined to polar regions （e.g., Greenland and Antarctica）.ice shelf （海） 冰架industrial solid wastes工业固体废物 insolation n. 暴晒；（医）中暑international energy forum国际能源论坛international ene

23、rgy foundation国际能源组织isotope n.化同位素详析 infiltration （soil） n. 渗透Infiltration means movement of water from the ground surface into the soil.详析 infrared n. 红外线light that is so red humans cannot see it详析 infrared radiation 红外线辐射Abbreviated IR; also called longwave radiation. （简写为IR， 又称长波辐射）详析 isotherm n.

24、等温线A line that joins places with the same temperature.Kkarst n. 喀斯特地形（由于腐蚀而产生裂隙，落水洞，潜流和洞穴的不规则的石灰岩地区）a karst cave 水蚀石灰洞； 溶洞L详析 La Nina phenomenon （气候）拉尼娜现象拉尼娜：拉尼娜是西班牙语La Nina-小女孩的意思。气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常变冷的现象（海水表层温度低出气候平均值0.5以上，且持续时间超过6个月以上）。拉尼娜也称反厄尔尼诺现象。厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象通常交替出现，对气候的影响大致相反，通过海洋与

25、大气之间的能量交换，改变大气环流而影响气候的变化。从近50年的监测资料看，厄尔尼诺出现频率多于拉尼娜，强度也大于拉尼娜。又见E 词条中El Nino Southern Oscillation （ENSO） （气候学）厄尔尼诺南徊现象land subsidence 地面沉降lapse rate （山区） 气温垂直递减梯度latitudes 纬度longitudes 经度life zone （生） 生物带lava n. 熔岩，火山岩leading-edge research 尖端研究lightning n. 闪电litter v. 乱扔垃圾litter n. （树林里的）枯枝落叶层local to

26、pography 当地地形详析 limestone scenery 岩溶景色Limestone scenery, or karst, forms some of the most attractive scenery in Britain.Mmarine pollution n. 海洋污染marsh gas；methane n. 沼气 mean annual temperatures n. 年平均气温mean monthly temperatures n. 月平均气温Mediterranean n. /adj. 地中海 （的）melting Snow n. 融雪meteor shower n.

27、 流星雨 micro-climates n. 小气候microorganism n. 微生物mid and high latitudes 中高纬度地区mineral n. 矿物mist n. 薄雾moist air 潮湿空气moldy adj. 霉烂的mosquito control n. 蚊虫控制mountainous region n. 山区详析 marsh n.湿地, 沼泽Marsh is a type of wetland that does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous

28、vegetation.详析 monsoon n. 季候风；（印度等地的）雨季, 季风The monsoons are strongest in the southern and eastern sides of Asia, but also occur along the coasts of tropical regions wherever the planetary circulation is not strong enough to inhibit them.详析 mouth n. 入河口（入海口）A mouth is where a river meets the sea or an ocean.NNatural disasters/ hazards n. 自然灾害、危害 详析 natural selection n.生自然选择,物竞天择说The process of survival of the fittest by which organisms that adapt to their environment survive while those that do not adapt disappear.debris fl