Introduction to the Verbal Reasoning MeasureWord格式文档下载.docx

Introduction to the Verbal Reasoning MeasureWord格式文档下载.docx

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ReadingComprehensionQuestions

∙Introduction

∙GeneralAdvice

∙QuestionTypes

∙SampleQuestions

ReadingComprehensionquestionsaredesignedtotestawiderangeofabilitiesthatarerequiredinordertoreadandunderstandthekindsofprosecommonlyencounteredingraduateschool.Thoseabilities 

include:

∙understandingthemeaningofindividualwordsand 

sentences

∙understandingthemeaningofparagraphsandlargerbodiesof 

text

∙distinguishingbetweenminorandmajor 

points

∙summarizingapassage

∙drawingconclusionsfromtheinformation 

provided

∙reasoningfromincompletedatatoinfermissing 

information

∙understandingthestructureofatextintermsofhowthepartsrelatetoone 

another

∙identifyingtheauthor'

sassumptionsand 

perspective

∙analyzingatextandreachingconclusionsabout 

it

∙identifyingstrengthsandweaknessesofa 

position

∙developingandconsideringalternative 

explanations

Asthislistimplies,readingandunderstandingapieceoftextrequiresfarmorethanapassiveunderstandingofthewordsandsentencesitcontains;

itrequiresactiveengagementwiththetext,askingquestions,formulatingandevaluatinghypothesesandreflectingontherelationshipoftheparticulartexttoothertextsand 

information.

EachReadingComprehensionquestionisbasedonapassagethatmayrangeinlengthfromoneparagraphtoseveralparagraphs.Thetestcontainsapproximately10passages,themajorityofwhichareoneparagraphinlengthandonlyoneortwoofwhichareseveralparagraphslong.Passagesaredrawnfromthephysicalsciences,biologicalsciences,socialsciences,business,artsandhumanitiesandeverydaytopicsandarebasedonmaterialfoundinbooksandperiodicals,bothacademicand 

nonacademic.

Typically,abouthalfofthequestionsonthetestwillbebasedonpassages,andthenumberofquestionsbasedonagivenpassagecanrangefromonetosix.Questionscancoveranyofthetopicslistedabove,fromthemeaningofaparticularwordtoassessingevidencethatmightsupportorweakenpointsmadeinthepassage.Many,butnotall,ofthequestionsarestandardmultiple-choicequestions,inwhichyouarerequiredtoselectasinglecorrectanswer;

othersaskyoutoselectmultiplecorrectanswers;

andstillothersaskyoutoselectasentencefromthe 

passage.

∙

∙Readingpassagesaredrawnfrommanydifferentdisciplinesandsources,soyoumayencountermaterialwithwhichyouarenotfamiliar.Donotbediscouragedifyouencounterunfamiliarmaterial;

allthequestionscanbeansweredonthebasisoftheinformationprovidedinthepassage.However,ifyouencounterapassagethatseemsparticularlyhardorunfamiliar,youmaywanttosaveitfor 

last.

∙Readandanalyzethepassagecarefullybeforetryingtoansweranyofthequestions,andpayattentiontocluesthathelpyouunderstandlessexplicitaspectsofthe 

passage.

oTrytodistinguishmainideasfromsupportingideasor 

evidence.

oTrytodistinguishideasthattheauthorisadvancingfromthoseheorsheismerely 

reporting.

oTrytodistinguishideasthattheauthorisstronglycommittedtofromthoseheorsheadvancesashypotheticalor 

speculative.

oTrytoidentifythemaintransitionsfromoneideatothe 

next.

oTrytoidentifytherelationshipbetweendifferentideas.For 

example:

▪Aretheycontrasting?

Arethey 

consistent?

▪Doesonesupportthe 

other?

▪Doesonespelltheotheroutingreater 

detail?

▪Doesoneapplytheothertoaparticular 

circumstance?

∙Readeachquestioncarefullyandbecertainthatyouunderstandexactlywhatisbeing 

asked.

∙Answereachquestiononthebasisoftheinformationprovidedinthepassageanddonotrelyonoutsideknowledge.Sometimesyourownviewsoropinionsmayconflictwiththosepresentedinapassage;

ifthishappens,takespecialcaretoworkwithinthecontextprovidedbythepassage.Youshouldnotexpecttoagreewitheverythingyouencounterinthereading 

passages.

Multiple-choice—SelectOneAnswerChoice

Description

Thesearetraditionalmultiple-choicequestionswithfiveanswerchoices,ofwhichyoumustselectone.

TipsforAnswering

∙Readalltheanswerchoicesbeforemakingyourselection,evenifyouthinkyouknowthecorrectanswerinadvance.

∙Thecorrectansweristheonethatmostaccuratelyandmostcompletelyanswersthequestionposed;

becarefulnottobemisledbyanswerchoicesthatareonlypartiallytrueorthatonlypartiallyanswerthequestion.Also,becarefulnottopickananswerchoicesimplybecauseitisatrue 

statement.

∙Whenthequestionasksaboutthemeaningofawordinthepassage,besuretheanswerchoiceyouselectcorrectlyrepresentsthewaythewordisbeingusedinthepassage.Manywordshavedifferentmeaningswhenusedindifferent 

contexts.

Multiple-choice—SelectOneorMoreAnswerChoices

Thesequestionsprovidethreeanswerchoicesandaskyoutoselectallthatarecorrect;

one,twoorallthreeoftheanswerchoicesmaybecorrect.Togaincreditforthesequestions,youmustselectallthecorrectanswers,andonlythose;

thereisnocreditforpartiallycorrect 

answers.

∙Evaluateeachanswerchoiceseparatelyonitsownmerits;

whenevaluatingoneanswerchoice,donottaketheothersinto 

account.

∙Acorrectanswerchoiceaccuratelyandcompletelyanswersthequestionposed;

∙Donotbedisturbedifyouthinkallthreeanswerchoicesarecorrect,sincequestionsofthistypecanhaveuptothreecorrectanswer 

choices.

Select-in-Passage

Thesequestionsaskyoutoclickonthesentenceinthepassagethatmeetsacertaindescription.Toanswerthequestion,chooseoneofthesentencesandclickonit;

clickinganywhereonasentencewillhighlightit.Inlongerpassages,thequestionwillusuallyapplytoonlyoneortwospecifiedparagraphs,markedbyanarrow（ 

）;

clickingonasentenceelsewhereinthepassagewillnothighlight 

it.

Note:

Becausethesequestionsdependontheuseofthecomputer,theydonotappearonthepaper-basedtest.Equivalentmultiple-choicequestionsareusedintheirplace.

∙Evaluateeachoftherelevantsentencesinthepassageseparatelybeforeselectingyouranswer.Donotevaluateanysentencesthatareoutsidetheparagraphsunder 

consideration.

∙Acorrectanswerchoicemustaccuratelymatchthedescriptiongiveninthequestion;

donotselectasentenceifanypartofthedescriptiondoesnotapplytoit.However,notethatthequestionneednotfullydescribeallaspectsofthe 

sentence.

____________SampleQuestions

Questions1to3arebasedonthispassage.

Revivingthepracticeofusingelementsofpopularmusicinclassicalcomposition,anapproachthathadbeeninhibernationintheUnitedStatesduringthe1960s,composerPhilipGlass（born1937）embracedtheethosofpopularmusicwithoutimitatingit.GlassbasedtwosymphoniesonmusicbyrockmusiciansDavidBowieandBrianEno,butthesymphonies'

soundisdistinctivelyhis.PopularelementsdonotappearoutofplaceinGlass'

sclassicalmusic,whichfromitsearlydayshassharedcertainharmoniesandrhythmswithrockmusic.YetthisuseofpopularelementshasnotmadeGlassacomposerofpopularmusic.Hismusicisnotaversionofpopularmusicpackagedtoattractclassicallisteners;

itishighartforlistenerssteepedinrockratherthanthe 

classics.

Selectonlyoneanswerchoice.

1.ThepassageaddresseswhichofthefollowingissuesrelatedtoGlass'

suseofpopularelementsinhisclassical 

compositions?

A.Howitisregardedbylistenerswhopreferrocktothe 

classics

B.HowithasaffectedthecommercialsuccessofGlass'

s 

music

C.Whetherithascontributedtoarevivalofinterestamongothercomposersinusingpopularelementsintheir 

compositions

D.WhetherithashadadetrimentaleffectonGlass'

sreputationasacomposerofclassical 

E.WhetherithascausedcertainofGlass'

sworkstobederivativein 

quality

Considereachofthethreechoicesseparatelyandselectallthat 

apply. 

2.ThepassagesuggeststhatGlass'

sworkdisplayswhichofthefollowing 

qualities?

A.Areturntotheuseofpopularmusicinclassical 

B.Anattempttoelevaterockmusictoanartisticstatusmorecloselyapproximatingthatofclassical 

C.Along-standingtendencytoincorporateelementsfromtwoapparentlydisparatemusical 

styles

3.Selectthesentencethatdistinguishestwowaysofintegratingrockandclassical 

music.

Explanation

ThepassagedescribesingeneraltermshowPhilipGlassusespopularmus