雅 思 真 题阅 读 1Word格式文档下载.docx

雅 思 真 题阅 读 1Word格式文档下载.docx

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Chancesare,ifyouliveinacity,youhavenotseenoneforsometime.Eveninwetareasonceteemingwithfrogsandtoads,itisbecominglessandlesseasytofindthoseslimy,hoppingandsometimespoisonousmembersoftheanimalkingdom.Allovertheworld,andeveninremotepartsofAustralia,frogsarelosingtheecologicalbattleforsurvival,andbiologistsareatalosstoexplaintheirdemise.Areamphibianssimplyoversensitivetochangesintheecosystem?

Coulditbethattheirrapiddeclineinnumbersissignalingsomecomingenvironmentaldisasterforusall?

　Thisfrighteningscenarioisinparttheconsequenceofadramaticincreaseoverthelastquartercenturyinthedevelopmentofoncenaturalareasofwetmarshland;

homenotonlytofrogsbuttoallmannerofwildlife.However,asyet,therearenoobviousreasonswhycertainfrogspeciesaredisappearingfromrainforestsinAustraliathathavebarely

beentouchedbyhumanhand.Themysteryisunsettlingtosaytheleast,foritisknownthatamphibianspeciesareextremelysensitivetoenvironmentalvariationsintemperatureandmoisturelevels.ThedangeristhatplanetEarthmightnotonlyloseavitallinkintheecologicalfoodchain（frogskeeppopulationsofotherwisepestilentinsectsatmanageablelevels）,butwemightbeincreasingouroutputofairpollutantstolevelsthatmayhavealreadybecomeirreversible.Frogscouldbeinadvertentlywarningusofacatastrophe.

　Anexampleofaspeciesoffrogthat,atfarasisknown,hasbecomeextinct,istheplatypusfrog.Likethewell-knownAustralianmammalitwasnamedafter,itexhibitedsomeverystrangebehaviour;

insteadofgivingbirthtotadpolesinthewater,itraiseditsyoungwithinitsstomach.Thebabyfrogswereactuallybornfromoutoftheirmothersmouth.Discoveredin1981,lessthantenyearslaterthefroghadcompletelyvanishedfromthecrystalclearwatersofBooloumbaCreeknearQueenslandsSunshineCoast.Unfortunately,thisfreakofnatureisnottheonlyfrogspeciestohavebeenlostinAustralia.Sincethe1970s,nolessthaneightothershavesufferedthesamefate.

　　Onetheorythatseemstofitthefactsconcernsthedepletionoftheozonelayer,awelldocumentedphenomenonwhichhasledtoasharpincreaseinultravioletradiationlevels.TheozonelayerismeanttoshieldtheEarthfromUVrays,butincreasedradiationmaybehavingagreatereffectuponfrogpopulationsthanpreviouslybelieved.Anothertheoryisthatworldwidetemperatureincreasesareupsettingthebreedingcyclesoffrogs.

TRUE／FALSE／NOTGIVEN

1.Frogsaredisappearingonlyfromcityareas.

2.Frogsandtoadsareusuallypoisonous.

3.Biologistsareunabletoexplainwhyfrogsaredying.

4.Thefrogsnaturalhabitatisbecomingmoreandmoredeveloped.

5.Attemptsarebeingmadetohaltthedevelopmentofwetmarshland.

6.Frogsareimportantintheecosystembecausetheycontrolpests.

7.Theplatypusfrogbecameextinctby1991.

8.Frogsusuallygivebirthtotheiryounginanunderwaternest.

9.EightfrogspecieshavebecomeextinctsofarinAustralia.

10.Thereisconvincingevidencethattheozonelayerisbeingdepleted.

11.Itisafactthatfrogsbreedingcyclesareupsetbyworldwideincreasesintemperature.

Practice3

　　Almosteveryonewithorwithoutacomputerisawareofthelatesttechnologicalrevolutiondestinedtochangeforeverthewayinwhichhumanscommunicate,namely,theInformationSuperhighway,bestexemplifiedbytheubiquitousInternet.Already,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldarelinkedbycomputersimplybyhavingamodemandanaddressonthe`Net,inmuchthesamewaythatowningatelephonelinksustoalmostanyonewhopaysaphonebill.Infact,sincethecomputerconnectionsaremadeviathephoneline,theInternetcanbeenvisagedasanetworkofvisualtelephonelinks.ItremainstoseeninwhichdirectiontheInformationSuperhighwayisheaded,butmanybelieveitistheeducationalhopeofthefuture.

　　TheWorldWideWeb,anenormouscollectionofInternetaddressesorsites,allofwhichcanbeaccessedforinformation,hasbeenmainlyresponsiblefortheincreaseininterestintheInternetinthe1990s.BeforetheWorldWideWeb,the`Netwascomparabletoanintegratedcollectionofcomputerizedtypewriters,buttheintroductionofthe`Webin1990allowednotonlytextlinkstobemadebutalsographs,imagesandevenvideo.

　　AWebsiteconsistsofa`homepage,thefirstscreenofaparticularsiteonthecomputertowhichyouareconnected,fromwhereaccesscanbehadtoothersubjectrelated`pages（orscreens）atthesiteandonthousandsofothercomputersallovertheworld.Thisisachievedbyaprocesscalled`hypertext.Byclickingwithamousedeviceonvariouspartsofthescreen,apersonconnectedtothe`Netcangotraveling,orsurfingthroughaofthescreen,apersonconnectedtothe`Netcangotraveling,or`surfingthroughawebofpagestolocatewhateverinformationisrequired.

　　Anyonecansetupasite;

promotingyourclub,yourinstitution,yourcompanysproductsorsimplyyourself,iswhattheWebandtheInternetisallabout.Andwhatismore,informationontheInternetisnotownedorcontrolledbyanyoneorganization.Itis,perhaps,truetosaythatnooneandthereforeeveryoneownsthe`Net.Becauseoftherelativefreedomofaccesstoinformation,theInternethasoftenbeencriticisedbythemediaasapotentiallyhazardoustoolinthehandsofyoungcomputerusers.Thisperceptionhasprovedtobelargelyfalsehowever,andthevastmajorityofusersbothyoungandoldgetconnectedwiththeInternetforthedualpurposesforwhichitwasintended-discoveryanddelight.

1.EveryoneisawareoftheInformationSuperhighway.

2.UsingtheInternetcoststheownerofatelephoneextramoney.

3.Internetcomputerconnectionsaremadebyusingtelephonelines.

4.TheWorldWideWebisanetworkofcomputerisedtypewriters.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theInformationSuperhighwaymaybethefuturehopeofeducation.

6.Theprocesscalled`hypertextrequirestheuseofamousedevice.

7.TheInternetwascreatedinthe1990s.

8.The`homepageisthefirstscreenofa`Websiteonthe`Net.

9.ThemediahasoftencriticisedtheInternetbecauseitisdangerous.

10.Thelatesttechnologicalrevolutionwillchangethewayhumanscommunicate.

Practice4

　　TheAustralianpoliticalsceneisdominatedbytwomajorpartiesthathavequitedifferentpoliticalagendas.However,thepoliciesoftheAustralianLaborPartyandtheLiberalPartyhavebecomemuchmoredifficulttotellapartinrecentyears.Infact,itwouldbetruetosaythatbothpartiesconsistofconservative,moderateandradicalelements,andthereforethegeneralpublicisoftenperplexedaboutwhichpartytovotefor.Nonetheless,itisusualtofindthatanAustralianwillleantowardssupportingoneofthesetwopartiesandremainfaithfultothatpartyforlife.

　　TheLaborPartywasformedearlyinthetwentiethcenturytosafeguardtheinterestsofthecommonworkingmanandtogivethetradeunionspoliticalrepresentationinParliament.ThePartyhasalwayshadstrongconnectionswiththeunions,andsupportstheconceptofawelfaresocietyinwhichpeoplewhoarelessfortunatethanothersarefinancially,andotherwise,assistedintheirquestforamoreequitablesliceoftheeconomicpie.Theproblemisthatsuchsocialistpoliticalagendasareextremelyexpensivetoimplementandmaintain,especiallyinacountrythat,althoughcomparativelywealthy,isvastandwithasmallworkingandhencetaxpayingpopulationbase.Welfaresocietiestendtowardsbankruptcyunlessgovernmentspendingiskeptincheck.TheLiberalParty,ontheotherhand,arguesthatthebestwaytoensurea

fairdivisionofwealthinthecountryistoallowmorefreedomtocreateit.This,inturn,meansmoreopportunities,jobscreatedetc.,andthereforemorewealthavailabletoall.Justhowthepooraretoshareinthedistributionofthiswealth（beyondbeinggiven,atleastintheory,theopportunitytocreateit）is,however,lesswellunderstood.Practice,ofcourse,maymakenonsenseofeventhebesttheoreticalintentions,andoftenthelesspoliticallypowerfularebadlycateredforundergovernmentsimplementingfree-for-allpolicies.

　　Itisnowonderthatgiventhetwomajorchoicesofferedthem,Australianvotersareincreasinglyturningtheirattentiontothesmallerpoliticalparties,whichclaimtoofferamorebalancedswagofpolicies,oftenbasedaroundonemajorcurrentissue.Thus,forinstance,atthelastelectiontherewastheNoAircraftNoiseParry,popularincityareas,andtheGreenParty,whichisalmostsolelyconcernedwithenvironmentalissues.

1.Policiesissupportoftheconceptofawelfaresocietyarecostly.

2.Australiansusuallyvoteforthepartytheysupportedearlyinlife.

3.TheLaborPartywasformedbythetradeunions.

4.RadicalgroupsareonlyfoundwithintheLaborParty.

5.TheLiberalPartywasformedaftertheLaborParty.

6.Welfare-basedsocietiesinvariablybecomebankrupt.

7.Accordingtotheauthor,theoriesdonotalwaysworkinpractice.

8.SomeAustralianvotersareconfusedaboutwhotovotefor.

9.TheNo-Aircraft-NoisePartyisonlypopularinthecity.

10.Thesmallerpartiesareonlyconcernedabouttheenvironment.

Practice5

Para1.Theneedforasatisfactoryeducationismoreimportantthaneverbefore.Nowadays,withoutaqualificationfromareputableschooloruniversity,theoddsoflandingthatplumjobadvertisedinthepape