英国文学简史打印分析Word文档格式.docx
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3.Romanlifestyle
4.Christianitywasintroduced.
•③EnglishConquest
•ShortlyafterRomans’retreat,theBritainwasinvadedbyAnglos,SaxonsandJutes.Andbythe7thcenturyOldEnglishemerged.
•Anglo-Saxonperiodwitnessedatransitionfromtribalsocietytofeudalism.
•WiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinBritain,thehistoryofEnglishliteraturebegan.
•CharacteristicsofAnglo-SaxonLiterature
•Anglo-Saxonliterature,thatis,theOldEnglishliteratureisatmostexclusivelyaverseliteratureinoralform.Itcouldbepasseddownbywordofmouthfromgenerationtogeneration.Itscreatorforthemostpartisunknown.Itwasonlygivenawrittenformlongafteritscomposition.
•Beowulf
—NationalepicofEnglishpeople
•Pickoutthecharactersinthisstoryandmakesuretheplaceofthestory.
•Whatarethethreeadventuresmentionedinthestory?
•Whatarethevaluesconveyedinthisstory?
•Artisticfeaturesof“Beowulf”
•1.Usingalliteration
•Alliteration:
arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound(头韵).
•2.Usingmetaphor(kenning)and
understatement
Kenning:
Afigurative,usuallycompoundexpressionusedinplaceofanameornoun,especiallyinOldEnglishandOldNorsepoetry;
forexample,stormofswordsisakenningforbattle.
understatement:
expressingsomethinginacontrolledway
PartTwoMedievalEnglishLiterature
TheDanishInvasion:
•KingAlfredtheGreat,whosucceededindrivingtheDanesoffwithforce,conceived“Anglo-SaxonChronicle”,alsoorganizedandsupervisedthewritingprocessofthebook.
•TheNormanConquest:
•ItmarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland.(Aftertheconquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.)
•TheInfluenceoftheNormanConquestuponEnglishLanguageandliterature.
•TheprevailingformofliteratureinthefeudalEnglandwastheRomance.
•Bytheendofthe14thcentury,theMiddleEnglishemerged.
•ConditionsintheFeudalEngland
•Thechieffeatureofthesocietywasdistinctdivisionintotwoclasses:
landlordsandpeasants.
•Themiseriesofthepeasants
•Therisingof1381
•TheRomance(骑士文学)
•Romance:
alongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.
•Knight
--centralcharacterofromances
•ItisaspecialgroupofpeopleexistedintheMiddleAgeinEurope.Nearlyallnobleswereknights.However,nobodywasbornaknight.Onenoblemanmustexperiencehardtrainingandthenthekingwillgivehimknighthood.
•3.Thegreatmajorityoftheromancesfallintothreegroups:
•mattersofFrance:
Charlemagne,averygreatFrenchemperor.查理曼大帝
•mattersofRome:
AlexandertheGreat,averygreatemperorinancientGreece.亚历山大大帝
mattersofBritain:
TheRomanceofKingArthurandhisRoundTableknights,亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士,iscomparativelythemostimportantforthehistoryofEnglishliterature,especiallytheworkscalled“SirGawainandtheGreenKnight”. 格温爵士和绿衣骑士.
•Malory'
sLeMorteD'
Arthur
•ItisacollectionofstoriesaboutKingArthur,translatedfromFrenchbySirThomasMalory.
•WhoisKingArthur?
•ThelegendsofKingArthurarethefoundationofLeMorteD'
Arthur.
•Amasterpieceinthe15thEnglishliterature.
“PiersthePlowman”
(农夫皮尔斯)
–WilliamLangland
“PiersthePlowman”isoneofthegreatestofEnglishpoems.
Thepoemsetsforthaseriesofwonderfuldreams,throughwhichwecanseeapictureoffeudalEngland,esp.thecorruptionoftheCourtandtheChurch,incontrastwiththehardlifeofthepoorpeasants.
•PiersthePlowman
•1.Theexposureoftherulingclasses
•2.ThestoryoftheCatandRats
•3.ThemarriageofLadyMeed
•4.Theconditionofthepeasants
•5.Thesearchfortruth
•6.TheclassnatureofPiers
Limitations:
conservatism
Socialsignificance:
kindlingthetoilingpeople’ssenseofhumandignityandequalitybeforeGodandplayingapartinarousingtheirrevolutionarysentiment.
•Artisticfeatureoftheproduction:
•1.OneofthegreatestofEnglishpoems,writtenintheformofadreamvision.
•2.theusageofallegory(寓言),personification(拟人),symbolism(象征主义),andalliteration
TheEnglishBallads
Aballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.
Features?
•RobinHood---partlyhistoricalandpartlylegendarycharacter
•“ThecharacterofRobinHoodismany—sided.Strong,braveandclever,heisatthesametimetender-heartedandaffectionate.Heisamanwithatwinkleinhiseye,amanfondofaveryjokeandaheartylaugh.Butthedominantkeyinhischaracterishishatredforthecrueloppressorsandhisloveforthepooranddowntrodden.”
SocialSignificance:
showingthefightingspirit,courageandrevolutionaryenergyofEnglishpeasantry.
examplifyingtheviewsoftheexploitedclassesoffeudalsociety
•Chaucer—thefounderofEnglishpoetry
•threeperiodsofcreation
•1.French:
RomauntoftheRose
玫瑰传奇
•2.Italian:
TroilusandCriseyde
特罗勒斯与克丽西德
•3.British:
TheCanterburyTales
坎特伯雷故事集
•TroilusandCriseyde
•apoemofmorethan8000lines,isChaucer‘smajorworkbesidesTheCanterburyTales.
•ItisChaucer'
slongestcompletepoemandhisgreatestartisticachievement.
•ItisthetragicstoryoftheTrojanprinceTroilusandhisbeloved,Criseyde.
•Plot
•Morethanaromance
•TheCanterburyTales
-Chaucer’masterpiece
Thestoryopenswithageneralprologue,tellingthatonaspringevening,29pilgrims,andthepoetonthewaytoCanterbury,stoppedataninn.AttheproposalofthehostoftheInn,eachwastotell4storiesonthewaytoandbackfromCant.Hostwouldbethejudge,thebesttellerwouldgetafreesupperatthecostofalltherestupontheirreturntotheinn.Thereshouldbe120storiesaltogether.butonly24taleswerewrittenduetotheauthor’sdeathin1400.
•ThePrologue
•
Itwasconsideredthebestpartofthewholework,whichsuppliesanartisticgroupofpeoplefromallwalksoflifeinthemedievalEngland.Sofromtheprologue,weknowatoncehowpeoplelivedinthatera.ThatiswhyChaucerhasbeencalled“thefounderofEnglishrealism.
•TheWifeofBath
---巴斯夫人
Thestoryofthemarriedlifeofawomanofthemiddleclass.WemayseeacolorfulpictureofthedomesticlifeofthatclassinChaucer’sday.
•Socialsignificance:
•affirmman’srighttopursueearthlyhappinessandopposesasceticism禁欲说
•praiseman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife;
(theforerunnerofhumanism)
•exposeandsatirizethesocialevils
•HisContribution
•HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoreplacetheOldEnglishalliterativeverse.
•HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.
•ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.
PartTwo
TheEnglishRenaissance
•
TheRenaissance,whichmeans“rebirth”or“revival”,isactuallyanintellectualmovementwithathirstingcuriosityforclassicalliteratureandthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.
Background
Information:
----theriseofthebourgeoisie
●
1.TheNewMonarchy
HenryVIIfoundedtheTudorDynasty,acentralizedmonarchywhichmettheneedsoftherisingbourgeoisie.
2.Reformation
Resultofthereligiousreformation--theguiseforthebourgeoisieclassforpower
*Protestantismwasfounded.
*EnglishBibleemerged
•TheAuthorizedVersionoftheEnglishBiblewasmadein1611undertheauspicesofJamesI,soalsocalledtheKingJamesBible,whichhashadagreatinfluenceonEnglishlanguageandliterature.
3.EconomicalDevelopment:
*TheEnclosureMovement
*TheCommercialExpansion
*TheWarwithSpain
Atthistime,theEnglishbourgeoisiecametotheforeinthearenaofhistory.
•TheRenaissance
•Anintellectualmovement
•Therebirthofletters
•SprangfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.
•Twostrikingfeatures
•FeaturesofRenaissance
•1.Curiosityfortheclassicalliterature;
•2.Keeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.
•Humanism:
Key-noteoftheRenaissance,andtheveryweaponforthebourgeoisietouseinitsfightagainstfeudalismrestrictionsandthedominatinginfluenceofthechurch,whichhadruledmen’smindsforcenturies.
•RenaissanceinEngland:
•Thetime:
mainlyfromthereignofHenryVIII,Edward,MaryandthentoQueenElizabethandJacobeanEra
•WilliamCaxton
•ThefirstEnglishprinter
•TheRecuyelloftheHistoriesofTroy,translatedfromFrench,isthefirstbookprintedinEnglishin1475.
•ByhisrenderingFrenchbooksintoEnglish,hecontributedtothedevelopmentofstyleof15thcenturyEnglishprose,fixinganationallanguageinEngland,andtothedevelopmentofEnglishcultureasawhole.
•ThomasMore托马斯·
莫尔
----ThegreatestEnglishhumanist
•Utopia《乌托邦》
----themasterpieceofThomasMore
•Itwaswritteni