文献翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx
《文献翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《文献翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
院(系)电气工程及其自动化
专业应用电子
学生姓名熊晨辰学号Z842C06107
指导老师徐莹隽
起讫日期2010年3月至2010年6月
Single-chip
1.Thedefinitionofasingle-chip
Single-chipisanintegratedonasinglechipacompletecomputersystem.Eventhoughmostofhisfeaturesinasmallchip,butithasaneedtocompletethemajorityofcomputercomponents:
CPU,memory,internalandexternalbussystem,mostwillhavetheCore.Atthesametime,suchasintegratedcommunicationinterfaces,timers,real-timeclockandotherperipheralequipment.Andnowthemostpowerfulsingle-chipmicrocomputersystemcanevenvoice,image,networking,inputandoutputcomplexsystemintegrationonasinglechip.
Alsoknownassingle-chipMCU(Microcontroller),becauseitwasfirstusedinthefieldofindustrialcontrol.Onlybythesingle-chipCPUchipdevelopedfromthededicatedprocessor.Thedesignconceptisthefirstbyalargenumber
ofperipheralsandCPUinasinglechip,thecomputersystemsothatsmaller,moreeasilyintegratedintothecomplexanddemandingonthevolumecontroldevices.INTELtheZ80isoneofthefirstdesigninaccordancewiththeideaoftheprocessor,Fromthenon,theMCUandthedevelopmentofadedicatedprocessorpartedways.
Earlysingle-chip8-bitorallthefour.OneofthemostsuccessfulisINTELs8031,becausetheperformanceofasimpleandreliableaccesstoalotofgoodpraise.Sincethenin8031todevelopasingle-chipmicrocomputersystemMCS51series.basedonsingle-chipmicrocomputersystemofthesystemisstillwidelyuseduntilnow.Asthefieldofindustrialcontrolrequirementsincreaseinthebeginningofa16-bitsingle-chip,butnotidealbecausethepricehasnotbeenverywidelyused.Afterthe90swiththebigconsumerelectronicsproductdevelopment,single-chiptechnologyisahugeimprovement.INTELi960serieswithsubsequentARMinparticular,abroadrangeofapplication,quicklyreplacedby32-bitsingle-chip16-bitsingle-chipperformancehasbeentherapidincreaseinprocessingpowercomparedtothe80storaiseafewhundredtimes.Atpresent,thehigh-end32-bitsingle-chipfrequencyover300MHz,theperformanceofthemid-90scloseontheheelsofaspecialprocessor,whiletheordinarypriceofthemodeldroppedtooneU.Sdollars,themosthigh-endmodels,only10U.Sdollars.Contemporarysingle-chipmicrocomputersystemisnolongeronlythebare-metalenvironmentinthedevelopmentanduseofalargenumberofdedicatedembeddedoperatingsystemiswidelyusedinthefullrangeofsingle-chipmicrocomputer.InPDAsandcellphonesasthecoreprocessingofhigh-endsingle-chiporevenadedicateddirectaccesstoWindowsandLinuxoperatingsystems.
Morethanadedicatedsingle-chipprocessorsuitableforembeddedsystems,soitwasuptotheapplication.Infactthenumberofsingle-chipistheworldslargestcomputer.Modernhumanlifeusedinalmosteverypieceofelectronicandmechanicalproductswillhaveasingle-chipintegration.Phone,telephone,calculator,homeapplicances,electronictoys,handheldcomputersandcomputeraccessoriessuchasamouseintheDepartmentareequippedwith1-2singlechip.Andpersonalcomputersalsohavealargenumberofsingle-chipmicrocomputerintheworkplace.Vehiclesequippedwithmorethan40Departmentofthegeneralsingle-chip,complexindustrialcontrolsystemsandevensingle-chipmayhavehundredsofworkatthesametime!
SCMisnotonlyfarexceedsthenumberofPCandotherintegratedcomputing,evenmorethanthenumberofhumanbeings.
2.single-chipintroduced
Single-chip,alsoknownassingle-chipmicrocontroller,itisnotthecompletionofalogicfunctionofthechip,butacomputersystemintegratedintoachip.Speakingingeneralterms:
asinglechiphasbecomeacomputer.Itssmallsize,lightweight,cheap,forthelearning,applicationanddevelopmentoffacilitiesprovided.Atthesametime,learningtousetheprincipleofsingle-chipcomputertounderstandandstructurethebestchoice.
Single-chipandcomputeruseisalsosimilartothemodule,suchasCPU,memory,parallelbus,aswellastheroleandthesamehardmemory,isitdifferentfromtheperformanceofthesecomponentsarerelativelyweakinourhomecomputeralot,butthepriceislow,thereisgenerallynomorethan10yuan,,canuseittomakesomecontrolforaclassofelectricalworkisnotverycomplexissufficient.Weareusingautomaticdrumwashingmachines,smokehood,VCDandsooninsidethehomeappliancescanseeitsshadow!
Itismainlyaspartofthecorecomponentsofthecontrol.
Itisanonlinereal-timecontrolcomputer,control-lineisatthescene,weneedtohaveastrongeranti-interferenceability,lowcost,andthisisoff-linecomputer(suchashomePC)Themaindifference.
Bysingle-chipprocess,andcanbeamended.Throughdifferentprocedurestoachievedifferentfunctions,inparticularthespecialuniquefeatures,thisistheneedtochargeotherdevicescandoagreateffort,someofitisalsodifficulttomakegreateffortstodoso.AfunctionisnotverycomplicatedfitheUnitedStatesthedevelopmentofthe50sseriesof74or60duringtheCD4000seriestogetthesepurehardware,thecircuitmustbeabigPCBboard!
However,iftheUnitedStatesifthesuccessful70sseriesofsingle-chipmarket,theresultwillbedifferent!
Simplybecausetheadoptionofsingle-chippreparationprocessyoucanachievehighintelligence,highefficiencyandhighreliability!
Becauseofcostofsingle-chipissensitive,sothedominantsoftwareorthelowestlevelassemblylanguage,whichisinadditiontothelowestlevelformorethanbinarymachinecodeofthelanguage,sincesuchalow-levelsowhyshouldweuse?
Manyoftheseniorslanguagehasreachedalevelofvisualprogrammingwhyisitnotinuse?
Thereasonissimple,thatis,single-chipcomputerasthereisnohomeofCPU,alsonotashardasthemassstoragedevice.Avisualizationofsmallhigh-levellanguageprogram,evenifthereisonlyonebuttonwhichwillreachthesizeofdozensofK!
ForthehomePCsharddriveisnothing,butintermsofthesingle-chipmicrocomputerisunacceptable.Single-chipintheutilizationofhardwareresourceshavetodoveryhigh,sothecompilationoftheoriginalwhilestillinheavyuse.Thesametoken,ifthecomputergiantsoperatingsystemandappplicationsrunuptogetthehomePC,homePCcannotaffordtosustainthesame.
Itcanbesaidthatthetwentiethcenturyacrossthethree“power”ofthetimes,thatis,theelectricalera,theelectronicageandhasnowenteredthecomputerage.However,suchacomputer,usuallyreferstoapersonalcomputer,orPC.Itconsisitsofthehost,keyboards,displays.Andothercomponents.Thereisalsoatypeofcomputer,nothowmostpeoplearefamiliarwith.Thiscomputerissmarttogiveavarietyofmechanicalsingle-chip(alsoknownasmicro-controller).Asthenamesuggests,thesecomputersystemsuseonlytheminimumofanintegratedcircuittomakeasimplecalculationandcontrol.Becauseofitssmallsize,areusuallychargedwithpossessionofmachineinthe“belly”in.Itinthedevice,likethehumanmindplaysarole,itiswrong,theentiredevicewasparalyzed.Now,thissinglechiphasaverywidefieldofuse,suchassmartmeters,real-timeindustrialcontrol,communicationsequipment,navigationsystems,andhouseholdappliances.Onceavarietyofproductswiththeuseofthesingle-chip,willbeabletoplaysothattheeffectivenessofproductupgrading,productnamesoftenadjectivebeforetheword“intelligent”,suchaswashingmachinesandsointelligent.Atpresent,sometechnicalpersonneloffactoriesorotheramateurelectrtonicsdevelopersfromengagingincertainproducts,notthecircuitistoocomplex,thatisfunctionalandeasytobetoosimpleimitation.Thereasonmaybetheproductnotonthecardsortheuseofsingle-chipprogrammablelogicdeviceontheother.
3.single-chiphistory
single-chip70wasborninthelate20thcentury,experiencedaSCM,MCU,SOCthreestages.
Single-chipmicro-computer1.SCMthat(SingleChipMicrocomputer)stage,ismainlyasinglefromtofindthebestofthebestembeddedsystemsarchitecture.”Innovationmodel”tobesuccessful,laytheSCMwiththegeneral-purposecomputers,acompletelydifferentpathofdevelopment.Inembeddedsystemstocreateanindependentdevelopmentpath,IntelCorporationcredit.
Thatis2.MCUmicrocontroller(MicroControllerUnit)stage,themaindirectionoftechnologydevelopment:
expandingtomeettheembeddedapplications,thetargetsystemrequirementsforthevariousperipheralcircuitsandinterfacecircuits,tohighlingtthetargetofintelligentcontrol.Itcoversallareasrelatedwiththeobject
System,therefore,thedevelopmentofMCUinevitablyfallontheheavyelectrical,electronicsmanufacturers.Fromthispointofview,IntelsdevelopmentgraduallyMCUhasitsobjectivefactors.MCUinthedevelopment,themostfamousmanufacturerswhenthenumberofPhilipsCorporation.
Philipsinembeddedapplicationsforitsenormousadvantages,theMCS-51fromtherapiddeveplomentofsingle-chipmicro-computertothemicrocontroller.Therefore,whenwelookbackatthepathofdevelopmentofembeddedsystems,IntelandPhilipsdonotforgetthehistoricalmerits.
3.Single-chipisanindependentembeddedsystemsdevelopment,totheMCUanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentstage,isseekingapplicationstomaximizethenaturaltrend.Withthemico-electronicstechnology,ICdesign,EDAtoolsdevelopment,basedonthesingle-chipSOCdesignapplicationsystemswillhavegreaterdevelopment.Therefore,theunderstandingofsingle-chipmicro-computerfromasingle,monolithicsingle-chipmicrocontrollerextendstoapplications.
4.Single-chipapplications
Atpresent,single-chipmicrocomputertoinfiltrateallareasof