毕业设计论文外语系从关联理论角度分析商务信函模糊语文档格式.docx
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利用关联理论分析了商务信函模糊语言的功能。
第四章主要总结了本篇论文的局限性以及意义。
此篇论文旨在使商务交际中的贸易双更好的交际与理解对方,使得交际双方更好的使用模糊与建立良好的商务关系。
关键词:
商务英语信函;
模糊语;
关联理论
AnalysisofVaguenessinBusinessCorrespondenceLanguagefromthePerspectiveofRelevance-theoreticApproach
Abstract
Vaguenessisoneofthebasicattributesoflanguage,itwidelyexistsinhumanlanguagecommunication.RelevanceTheoryproposesthatcommunicationisanostensive-inferentialprocessandthecommunicatorshouldprovidethemostrelevantinformationsothattheaudiencecanunderstandthecommunicator’sintentionwiththeleasteffort.Usingarelevance-theoreticalframework,thepaperfirstelaboratestheapplicationofvaguenessinbusinesscorrespondencesandthenexploreshowvagueexpressionsallowawritertoconveythecommunicativeintentionspreciselybyprocessingcorrectlytheoptimalrelevanceintherealbusinesscorrespondences.Thuswecanachievesuccessfulcommunication.Thefirstchapterisliteraturereviewwhichreviewspreviousstudiesonvaguenessanddeterminesthedefinitionandthefeaturesofbusinesscorrespondence.Thesecondchapterisaboutrelevancetheoryandprinciplesofrelevancetheory.Thethirdchapterisanalysisofvaguelanguageofbusinesscorrespondenceinrelevantapproach,explainingthefunctionofvaguelanguagefromtheperspectiveofrelevanttheory.Thefourthchapteristhesignificancesandlimitations,Inthischapter,theauthorpointedoutthelimitationsofthestudyandsuggestedfurtherresearchpossibilities.Theaimofthepaperistoachievebettercommunicationwitheachotherinbusinesscommunication.
Keywords:
businesscorrespondence;
vagueness;
relevanttheory
Contents
Introduction1
ChapterOneLiteratureReview2
1.1Englishbusinesscorrespondence2
1.2Vagueness3
ChapterTwoIntroductionofRelevanceTheory6
2.1Overviewofrelevancetheory6
2.2Principlesofrelevancetheory7
ChapterThreeAnalysisofVaguenessinBusinessCorrespondenceLanguagefromthePerspectiveofRelevance-theoreticApproach6
3.1TheinterpretationofrelevancetheorytothevaguelanguageinEnglishbusinesscorrespondence9
3.2ThewaysforsenderusingvaguelanguagetoexpressexplicitinformationtorecipientinEnglishbusinesscorrespondence11
ChapterFourTheSignificancesandLimitations15
4.1Significances15
4.2Limitations15
Conclusion16
Bibliography16
Introduction
Domesticandforeignscholarshavehadprofounddiscussionsaboutthevaguenessinlanguage.Inforeigncountries,theEnglishfamousphoneticianD.Jonesrealizedthevagueattributeoflanguageearlyin1957.In1965,professorZadehintheUniversityofCaliforniamostearlyproposedthevaguetheoryinhisessaycalled“FuzzySet”publishedinthemagazinenamedInformationandControlandstartedthenewdisciplineofvaguenesslanguage.InChina,professorWuinBeijingNormalUniversityfirstresearchedthevagueattributeoflanguageusingvaguetheoriesinhisthesiscalled“ThePrimaryResearchofVagueLanguagein1979andwrotethebookofVagueLinguistics,thushestartedthefuzzylinguisticsofChina,whichsymbolizethebirthofvaguelinguisticsinChina.
Nowadays,vaguenessiswidelyusedinallareassuchaslaw,economy,andteaching.Businesscorrespondencecharacterizedbythecorrectnessoflanguage,theclearnessandorderlinessoflogicofthinking,theprecisenessofstructurearenoexception.Vaguelanguagetransmitsinformationusingvaguenessinitself,theuncertaintyofwhichisoftenexpressedbythewayofimplicitness,objectivity,preciseness,andpoliteness,thesefeaturescanimprovethecommunicativeeffect.Tosomeextent,vaguenessplaysanirreplaceableroleinEnglishbusinesscorrespondence.Theappropriateuseofthelanguagepolicytoolsorskillscanhelpustoachievetheoptimalrelevance.Usingtheframeworkofrelevanttheory,thispapertrestodiscussthephenomenonofvaguenessinEnglishbusinesscorrespondence.Basedontherealcorrespondence,thepaperalsoanalyzeshowthesendersselectandusevaguelanguagetoachieveoptimalrelevance,inordertoachievesuccessfulcommunicationpurpose.
ChapterOneLiteratureReview
Inthischapter,theauthorfirstlyhaveabriefintroductionofbusinessEnglishcorrespondence.Andthenanoverviewofvaguenessaswellasitspragmaticanalysis.
1.1Englishbusinesscorrespondence
1.1.1DefinitionofEnglishbusinesscorrespondence
Correspondenceistheactofexchanginglettersortheletterswhichpassbetweencorrespondents.Businesscorrespondentscanbedefinedasthecorrespondenceusedinbusinesstransaction,inwhichtheparticipantsarecommonlyregardastheaddresserandtheaddressee.Inbusinesscommunication,businesscorrespondenceisusedtosellproductsorservices,requestmaterialorinformation,answercustomerinquiries,maintaingoodpublicrelations,andserveavarietyofotherbusinessfunctions(Channel1994:
20).
1.1.2FeaturesofEnglishbusinesscorrespondence
Englishbusinesscorrespondenceisaneffectivewaytoexpressandkeepinformationinbusinesscontacts,whichcanberoughlydividedintothefollowingparts:
Lettertoestablishbusinessrelations,Informationadvisoryletter,Valuationandquotationletter,Letterfotorder,Processingbusinessletter,Claimsandcomplaintsletterafterbusinesstransactions.Businesslettersatemoreformalofficialdocumentswithcorrectwordsandsuccinctwritingstyle.BusinesscorrespondencegenerallyfollowsthewritingprinciplesofbusinessEnglish,thatis,“7cs”principle:
Correctness,Conciseness,Clearness,Completeness,Concreteness,Courtesy,Consideration(Sperber&
Wilson1986:
40).BusinessEnglishmustbeexpressedaccuratelyandclearlytoconveyinformationandbecarefulofusingmetaphor,hyperboleandsoon.Itshouldtrytoavoidusinguncertainwords,inordertoavoidunnecessarydisputes,becausebusinesslettersareusuallyusedtobethebasisofdeterminingtherightsandobligationsoftheparties.
1.2Vagueness
1.2.1Overviewofvagueness
Thestudyonvaguenesshasbeenalongtime.Butthereisn’tanuniformdefinitionuptonow.AsthefamousphilosopherPiercefirstpointedoutin1902,“Apropositionisvaguewheretherearepossiblestatesofthingsconcerningwhichitisintrinsicallyuncertainwhether,hadtheybeencontemplatedbythespeaker,hewouldhaveregardedthemasexcludedorallowedbytheproposition”(Pierce,1902:
749).CrystalandDavyfromtheperspectiveofAppliedLinguistic,pointedoutfourreasonsthatlanguageusersusevaguelanguage.Thereasonsarethelackofmemory,lackofaccurateandappropriatewords,inaccuratetopic,intentexpressionforspecificmeaningoravoidingstatementingaccurateinformation.Channell(1994:
20)proposedthreekindsofvagueness:
(1)additionalvaguewords,referstothewordswhichareaddedbeforeorafterthewords,inordertomakestatementsbecomeblurred.Like,around,some,kindof,nearlyandsoon.
(2)vaguewords,referstothemeaningofwordsthatarevagueinitself.Like,thingummy,whatsit,loads,heapsofandsoon.(3)vagueimplication,referstoaccurateexpressionthatcontainsfuzzyimplication.Like,Odessahasapopulationofonemillion.Theonemillionisanaccuratenumberwhichdoesn’tmeanthepopulationofthecityisreallyonemillion.
Withthefurtherstudyofvagueness,peoplegraduallyrealizetheimportantanduniquepragmaticfeaturesinlanguagecommunication.Suchas,itcanmakelanguagemorepersuasiveandpolite,orthespeakerforself-protectiondeliberatelyusesvaguelanguagetocoverspecificinformation.Therefore,vaguenessisnotonlyalinguisticphenomenon,butalsoalanguagestrategy.Nowadays,internationaltradeisincreasinglyfrequent,businessEnglishlettershavebecomeanimportantmeansofcommunicationintheeconomicfield.
1.2.2Pragmaticanalysisofvaguenessinbusinesscorrespondence
Beingpolite.Languagecommunicationisanecessarymeanstoexchangefeelings.Infrontofthefeelingsofthings,vaguenesscanharmonizetherelationship.TheprimarybasisofEnglishbusinesscorrespondenceisappropriateandpolitelanguage,theuseofvaguewordscanmakewordseuphemisticandgentle.Especiallyforsomesensitivetopics,suchas,theinterestsofbothsides,thefocusofconflict.Vaguenesscanavoidconflictsandmakediversionaryeffect.Sometimesforthemoderateandcourtesyconsideration,theuseofvaguenessisgoodforbothpartiesoftrade.
Example1:
Ifpossible,pleasealsosendmesamplesofthegoodsyouareinterestedinselling(LiLi,2008:
231-233).
Thewriterreallyhopesthatthereadercansendhimthesamplesheisinterestedinassoonaspossible.Butthedirectexpressionwillmakewordscrude,leavinganuncomfortablefeelingforthereader.Using“ifpossible”herecanmakewordsmoreeuphemisticandgentle.
Beingpersuasive.Oneofthebasicrequirementsofbusinessletteristrueandcorrect.Basedonthissituation,usingvaguenesscanbemorelikelytoarousethereader’sinterestorpersuadethemtoaccepthisviews.
Example2:
Weareverywellconnectedwithallthemajordealershereofindustrialproducts(YuGuixia,2007:
12).
Additionalvaguelanguage”verywell”makestherelationshipbetweenthewriterandthereadercloser,thisrelationshiphasmadeagoodfoundationforbilateralcooperation.Thevaguenessheremakesthewholestatementmorepersuasive.