历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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examinedonamicroscopeslide.Pasteur

foundthatinordinaryairtheseexistsavarietyof

---

solidstructuresranginginsizefrom

0.01mmtomorethan1.0mm.Manyofthese

bodiesresembledthereproductive

（15）structuresofcommonmolds,single-celled

animals,andvariousothermicrobialcells.

Asmanyas20to30ofthemwerefoundinfifteen

litersofordinaryair,andtheycould

notbedistinguishedfromtheorganismsfoundin

muchlargernumbersinputrefying

materials.Pasteurconcludedthattheorganisms

foundinputrefyingmaterialsoriginated

fromtheorganizedbodiespresentintheair.He

postulatedthatthesebodiesareconstantly

（20）beingdepositedonallobjects.

Pasteurshowedthatifanutrientsolutionwas

sealedinaglassflaskandheatedto

boilingtodestroyallthelivingorganisms

contaminatingit,itneverputrefied.The

proponentsofspontaneousgenerationdeclared

thatfreshairwasnecessaryfor

spontaneousgenerationandthattheairinside

thesealedflaskwasaffectedinsomeway

（25）byheatingsothatitwouldnolongersupport

spontaneousgeneration.Pasteurconstructeda

swan-neckedflaskinwhichputrefyingmaterials

couldheheatedtoboiling,butair

couldreenter.Thebendsintheneckprevented

microorganismsfromgettingintheflask..

Materialsterilizedinsuchaflaskdidnotputrefy.

1,Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

（a）Pasteur’sinfluenceonthedevelopmentofthemicroscope.

（b）Theoriginofthetheoryofspontaneousgeneration.

（c）Theeffectsofpasteurizationonfood.

（d）Pasteur’sargumentagainstthetheoryofspontaneousgeneration.

2,Thephrase“teemingwith”inline2isclosestin

meaningto

（a）fullof

（b）developinginto

（c）resistantto

（d）hurtby

3,Whichofthefollowingquestionsdidthetheoryofspontaneousgenerationattempttoanswer?

（a）Whatistheoriginofthelivingorganismsareseenonsomefood?

（b）Howmanytypesoforganismscanbefoundonfood?

（c）Whatisthemosteffectivewaytopreparelivingorganismsformicroscopicexamination?

（d）Howlongcanfoodstandbeforeitputrefies?

4,Theword“resemble”inline9isclosestinmeaningto

（a）benefitfrom

（b）appearsimilarto

（c）jointogetherwith

（d）growfrom

5,Thepurposeofthe“guncotton”mentionedin

paragraph2wasto

（a）trapparticlesforanalysis

（b）slowtheprocessofputrefaction

（c）increasetheairflowtothemicroscopicslide

（d）aidthemixingofalcoholandether

6,Theauthormention“1.0mm”inline14indescribingthe

（a）thicknessofalayeroforganismsthatwas

depositedonanobject

（b）diameterofthefibersthatwereintheguncotton

filters

（c）thicknessofthemicroscopeslidesthatwereused（d）sizeoftheparticlesthatthatwerecollected

7.Theword“postulated”inline19isclosestin

（a）analyzed

（b）doubted

（c）persuaded

（d）suggested

8.TheobjectsthatPasteutremovedfromtheairin

hisexperimentwereremarkablebecausetheywere（a）primarilysingle-celledorganisms

（b）nodifferentfromobjectsfoundinputrefying

materials

（c）fairlyrare

（d）abletoliveinamixtureofalcoholandether

9.Theword“it”inline22refersto（a）anutrientsolution

（b）aglassflask

（c）boiling

（d）spontaneousgeneration

10.Accordingtoparagraph3,proponentsofspontaneousgenerationbelievedthatwhichofthefollowingwasimportantfortheprocesstosucceed?

（a）Asealedcontainer

（b）Freshair

（c）Heat

（d）Thepresenceofnutrients

11.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatPasteuremployedaswam-neckedflaskto

（a）storesterilizedliquidsforuseinfutureexperiments

（b）preventheatfrombuildingupinasolution（c）disproveacriticismofhisconclusions（d）estimatethenumberoforganismsinaliterofair

Questions12-20

IntheearlydecadesoftheUnitedStates,the

agrarianmovementpromotedthefarmer

associety’shero.Inthemindsofagrarian

thinkersandwriters,thefarmerwasapersonon

whosewell-beingthehealthofthenewcountry

depended.Theperiodbetweenthe

Revolution,whichendedin1783,andtheCivil

War,whichendedin1865,wastheageof

（5）thefarmerintheUnitedStates.Agrarianphilosophers,representedmosteloquentlyby

ThomasJefferson,celebratedfarmers

extravagantlyfortheirsupposedcentralityinagood

society,theirpoliticalvirtue,andtheirSuperior

morality.Andvirtuallyallpolicymakers,whether

theysubscribedtothetenetsofthephilosophy

heldbyJeffersonornot,recognizedagricultureas

thekeycomponentoftheAmerican

economy.Consequently,governmentat

（10）alllevelsworkedtoencouragefarmersasa

socialgroupandagricultureaseconomic

enterprise.

Boththenationalandstategovernments

developedtransportationinfrastructure,buildingcanals,roads,bridges,andrailroads,deepening

harbors,andremovingobstructionsfrom

navigablestreams.Thenationalgovernmentimportedplantandanimalvarietiesand

（15）launchedexploringexpeditionsintoprospective

farmlandsintheWest.Inaddition,

governmenttradepoliciesfacilitatedtheexporting

ofagriculturalproducts.

Fortheirpart,farmersseemedtomeetthe

socialexpectationsagrarianphilosophers

hadforthem,astheirbroaderhorizonsand

greaterself-respect,bothproductsofthe

Revolution,werereflectedtosomedegreeintheirbehavior.Farmersseemedtobecome

（20）morescientific,joiningagriculturalsocietiesandreadingthefarmnewspapersthatsprang

up

throughout

the

country

.They

began

using

improvedimplements,triednewcropsand

pure

animal

breeds,

and

became

morereceptive

tomoderntheoriesofsoilimprovement.

Theyalsorespondedtoinducementsbynational

andstategovernments.Farmers

streamed

to

theWest

filling

frontier

lands

with

stunningrapidity.Butfarmersresponded

（25）

less

expectations

of

agrarians

governmentinducementsthantogrowingmarket

opportunities.Europeandemandforfoodfromthe

United

States

seemed

insatiable

.

War,

industrialization

urbanization

all

kept

demandhighinEurope.UnitedStatescities

industries

grew

aswell;

even

not

directlyrelatedtofarmingthrivedbecause

themarket,

money

and

laborthat

agriculture

provided.

12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

（a）TheagrarianphilosophyofThomasJefferson

（b）Theroleofthenationalgovernmentinthe

developmentofagriculture

（c）Improvementsinfarmingtechniques

（d）Theimpactoftheincreasedimportanceofthefarmer

13.Theword“depended”inline3isclosestin

（a）improved

（b）relied

（c）demanded

（d）explained

14.TheauthormentionsThomasJeffersonin

paragraph1asanexampleof

（a）aleaderduringtheRevolution

（b）aninventorofnewfarmingtechniques

（c）aphilosopherwhobelievedfarmerswereessentialtothecreationofagoodsociety

（d）afarmerwhoguidedtheagrarianmovementtowardanemphasisoneconomicdevelopment

15.Thephrase“subscribedto”inline8isclosest

inmeaningto

（a）contributedto

（b）agreedwith

（c）thoughtabout

（d）expandedon

16.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbytheinformationinparagraph1?

（a）Allgovernmentpolicymakersaccepted

Jefferson’sviewsofagricultureandfarmers.

（b）Agriculturalproductiondeclinedbetween1783

and1861.

（c）Themajorityoffarmersworkedforthe

government.

（d）Agriculturewasavitalpartofthenation’s

economy.

17.Accordingtothepassage,thenationalandstategovernmentsdidallofthefollowingEXCEPT（a）buildroads

（b）importnewplantvarieties

（c）givefarmersmoneyfortheircrops

（d）developpoliciesthathelpedfarmersexporttheirproducts

18.Allofthefollowingarementionedasexamplesof

farmers’meetingtheexpectationsofagrarianphilosophersEXCEPT

（a）obtaininginformationfromfarmnewspapers（b）accumulatingpersonalwealth（c）plantingnewcrops

（d）becomingmorescientific

19.Theword“stunning”inline24isclosestin

（a）predictable

（b）impressive

（c）famous

（d）gradual

20.Which

following

statements

is

best

supportedbyparagraph4?

（a）Agricultural

development

contributed

developmentinotherpartsoftheeconomy.

（b）European

agricultural

products

were

a

higher

qualitythanthoseproducedintheUnitedStates.

（c）Thegrowing

settlement

West

led

toa

decreaseinagriculturalproduction.

（d）Farmers

influenced

more

by

government

policiesthanbym