历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、examined on a microscope slide .Pasteurfound that in ordinary air these exists a variety of-solid structures ranging in size from0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of thesebodies resembled the reproductive（15）structures of common molds, single-celledanimals, and various other microbial cells .As many

2、 as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteenliters of ordinary air ,and they couldnot be distinguished from the organisms found inmuch larger numbers in putrefyingmaterials .Pasteur concluded that the organismsfound in putrefying materials originatedfrom the organized bodies present in the air .Hepost

3、ulated that these bodies are constantly（20）being deposited on all objects.Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution wassealed in a glass flask and heated toboiling to destroy all the living organismscontaminating it, it never putrefied .Theproponents of spontaneous generation declaredthat fresh air

4、 was necessary forspontaneous generation and that the air insidethe sealed flask was affected in some way（25）by heating so that it would no longer supportspontaneous generation. Pasteur constructed aswan-necked flask in which putrefying materialscould he heated to boiling, but aircould reenter. The

5、bends in the neck preventedmicroorganisms from getting in the flask.Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy.1,What does the passage mainly discuss?（a）Pasteur sinfluence on the development of the microscope.（b）The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation .（c）The effects of pasteuriz

6、ation on food.（d）Pasteur s argument agai nst the theory of spontaneous generation .2,The phrase “ teeming with ” in line 2 is closest inmeaning to（a）full of（b）developing into（c）resistant to（d）hurt by3,Which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer? （a）Wha

7、t is the origin of the living organisms are seen on some food?（b）How many types of organisms can be found on food?（c）What is the most effective way to prepare living organisms for microscopic examination? （d）How long can food stand before it putrefies?4,The word “ resemble ” in line 9 is closest in

8、meaning to（a）benefit from（b）appear similar to（c）join together with（d）grow from5,The purpose of the “ guncotton ” mentioned inparagraph 2 was to（a）trap particles for analysis（b）slow the process of putrefaction（c）increase the airflow to the microscopic slide（d）aid the mixing of alcohol and ether6,The

9、author mention “ 1.0mm ” in line 14 in describing the（a）thickness of a layer of organisms that wasdeposited on an object（b）diameter of the fibers that were in the guncottonfilters（c）thickness of the microscope slides that were used （d）size of the particles that that were collected7.The word “ postul

10、ated ” inline 19 is closest in（a）analyzed（b）doubted（c）persuaded（d）suggested8.The objects that Pasteut removed from the air inhis experiment were remarkable because they were （a）primarily single-celled organisms（b）no different from objects found in putrefyingmaterials（c）fairly rare（d）able to live in

11、a mixture of alcohol and ether9.The word “ it ” in line 22 refers to （a）a nutrient solution（b）a glass flask（c）boiling（d）spontaneous generation10.According to paragraph 3,proponents of spontaneous generation believed that which of the following was important for the process to succeed ?（a）A sealed co

12、ntainer（b）Fresh air（c）Heat（d）The presence of nutrients11.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that Pasteur employed a swam-necked flask to（a）store sterilized liquids for use in future experiments（b）prevent heat from building up in a solution （c）disprove a criticism of his conclusions （d）estimate the

13、number of organisms in a liter of airQuestions 12-20In the early decades of the United States ,theagrarian movement promoted the farmeras society shero. In the minds of agrarianthinkers and writers ,the farmer was a person onwhose well-being the health of the new countrydepended .The period between

14、theRevolution, which ended in 1783,and the CivilWar ,which ended in 1865 ,was the age of（5 ）the farmer in the United States .Agrarian philosophers ,represented most eloquently byThomas Jefferson, celebrated farmersextravagantly for their supposed centrality in a goodsociety, their political virtue ,

15、and their Superiormorality .And virtually all policy makers, whetherthey subscribed to the tenets of the philosophyheld by Jefferson or not, recognized agriculture asthe key component of the Americaneconomy .Consequently ,government at（10） all levels worked to encourage farmers as asocial group and

16、agriculture as economicenterprise.Both the national and state governmentsdeveloped transportation infrastructure,building canals, roads, bridges, and railroads ,deepeningharbors ,and removing obstructions fromnavigable streams .The national government imported plant and animal varieties and（15） laun

17、ched exploring expeditions into prospectivefarmlands in the West .In addition ,government trade policies facilitated the exportingof agricultural products.For their part ,farmers seemed to meet thesocial expectations agrarian philosophershad for them ,as their broader horizons andgreater self-respec

18、t, both products of theRevolution ,were reflected to some degree in their behavior .Farmers seemed to become（20） more scientific ,joining agricultural societies and reading the farm newspapers that sprangupthroughoutthecountry.Theybeganusingimproved implements, tried new crops andpureanimalbreeds ,a

19、ndbecamemore receptiveto modern theories of soil improvement .They also responded to inducements by nationaland state governments .Farmersstreamedtothe West,fillingfrontierlandswithstunning rapidity .But farmers responded（25）lessexpectationsofagrariansgovernment inducements than to growing marketopp

20、ortunities .European demand for food from theUnitedStatesseemedinsatiable.War,industrialization,urbanizationallkeptdemand high in Europe . United States citiesindustriesgrewas well;evennotdirectly related to farming thrived becausethe market,money,andlabor thatagricultureprovided .12.What does the p

21、assage mainly discuss? （a）The agrarian philosophy of Thomas Jefferson（b）The role of the national government in thedevelopment of agriculture（c）Improvements in farming techniques（d）The impact of the increased importance of the farmer13.The word “ depended ” in line 3 is closest in（a）improved（b）relied

22、（c）demanded（d）explained14.The author mentions Thomas Jefferson inparagraph 1 as an example of（a）a leader during the Revolution（b）an inventor of new farming techniques（c）a philosopher who believed farmers were essential to the creation of a good society（d）a farmer who guided the agrarian movement tow

23、ard an emphasis on economic development15.The phrase “ subscribed to ” in line 8 is closestin meaning to（a）contributed to（b）agreed with（c）thought about（d）expanded on16.Which of the following statements is supported by the information in paragraph 1?（a）All government policy makers acceptedJefferson s

24、 views of agriculture and farme rs.（b）Agricultural production declined between 1783and 1861.（c）The majority of farmers worked for thegovernment.（d）Agriculture was a vital part of the nation seconomy.17.According to the passage , the national and state governments did all of the following EXCEPT （a）b

25、uild roads（b）import new plant varieties（c）give farmers money for their crops（d）develop policies that helped farmers export their products18.All of the following are mentioned as examples offarmers meeting the expectations of agra rian philosophers EXCEPT（a）obtaining information from farm newspapers

26、（b）accumulating personal wealth （c）planting new crops（d）becoming more scientific19.The word “ stunning ” in line 24 is closest in（a）predictable（b）impressive（c）famous（d）gradual20.Whichfollowingstatementsisbestsupported by paragraph 4?（a）Agriculturaldevelopmentcontributeddevelopment in other parts of the economy.（b）Europeanagriculturalproductswereahigherquality than those produced in the United States.（c）The growingsettlementWestledto adecrease in agricultural production.（d）Farmersinfluencedmorebygovernmentpolicies than by m