托福阅读TPO10试题+答案+译文第1篇 CHINESEPOTTERYWord下载.docx

托福阅读TPO10试题+答案+译文第1篇 CHINESEPOTTERYWord下载.docx

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,orevenritualobjects,aordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheywere___de.The___ramicsfallintothreebroadtypes—earthenware,stoneware,andpor___lain—forvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculptures___deforreligioususe,the___jorityofwhichwereprodu___dinearthenware.

Theearliest___ramicswerefiredtoearthenwaretemperatures,butasearlyasthefifteenth___nturyB.C.,high-temperaturestonewareswerebeing___dewithglazedsu______s.DuringtheSixDynastiesperiod（AD265-5___）,kilnsinnorthChinawereproducinghigh-fired___ramicsofgoodquality.Whitewaresprodu___dinHebeiandHenanprovin___sfromtheseventhtothetenth___nturiesevolvedintothehighlyprizedpor___lainsoftheSongdynasty（AD.960-1279）,longregardedasoneofthehighpointsinthehistoryofChina'

s___ramicindustry.Thetraditionofreligioussculptureextendsovermosthistoricalperiodsbutislessclearlydelineatedthanthatofstonewaresorpor___lains,foritembra___stheoldcustomofearthenwareburial___ramicswithlaterreligiousi___gesandarchitecturalornament.Ceramicproductsalsoincludelead-glazedtombmodelsoftheHandynasty,three-colorlead-glazedvesselsandfiguresoftheTangdynasty,andMingthree-colortempleornaments,inwhichthemotifswereoutlinedinaraisedtrailofslip—aswellasthe___nyburial___ramicsprodu___dinimitationofvessels___dein___terialsofhigherintrinsicvalue.

TradebetweentheWestandthesettledandprosperousChinesedynastiesintrodu___dnewformsanddifferenttechnologies.Oneofthemostfar-reachingexamplesistheimpactofthefineninth-___nturyAD.Chinesepor___lainwaresimportedintotheArabworld.Soadmiredwerethesepie___sthattheyencouragedthedevelopmentofearthenware___deinimitationofpor___lainandinstigatedresearchintothemethodoftheir___nufacture.FromtheMiddleEasttheChineseacquiredabluepigment—apurifiedformofcobaltoxideunobtainableatthattimeinChina—thatcontainedonlyalowlevelof___nganese.CobaltoresfoundinChinahaveahigh___nganesecontent,whichprodu___samoremutedblue-graycolor.Intheseventeenth___ntury,thetradingactivitiesoftheDutchEastIndiaCompanyresultedinvastquantitiesofdecoratedChinesepor___lainbeingbroughttoEurope,whichstimulatedandinfluen___dtheworkofawidevarietyofwares,notablyDelft.TheChinesethemselvesadapted___nyspecificvesselformsfromtheWest,suchasbottleswithlongspouts,anddesignedarangeofdecorativepatternsespeciallyfortheEuropean___rket.

JustaspainteddesignsonGreekpots___yseemtodaytobepurelydecorative,whereasinfacttheywerecarefullyandpreciselyworkedoutsothatatthetime,theirmeaningwasclear,soitiswithChinesepots.Totwentieth-___nturyeyes,Chinesepottery___yappearmerelydecorative,yettotheChinesetheformofeachobjectanditsador___enthadmeaningandsignifican___.Thedragonrepresentedtheemperor,andthephoenix,theempress;

thepomegranateindicatedfertility,andapairoffish,happiness;

___ndarinducksstoodforweddedbliss;

thepinetree,peach,andcraneareemblemsoflonglife;

andfishleapingfromwavesindicatedsuessinthecivilservi___examinations.OnlywhenEuropeandecorativethemeswereintrodu___ddidthesemeaningsbeeobscuredorevenlost.

Fromearlytimespotswereusedinbothreligiousandsecularcontexts.TheimperialcourtmissionedworkandintheYuandynasty（A.D.1279-1368）animperial___ramicfactorywasestablishedatJingdezhen.Potsplayedanimportantpartinsomereligious___remonies.Longandoftenlyricaldescriptionsofthedifferenttypesofwareexistthatassistinclassifyingpots,althoughthesesometimesconfuseanalreadylargeandplicatedpicture.

1.Theword“status”inthepassage（Paragraph2）isclosestinmeaningto

A.origin

B.importan___

C.quality

D.design

2.Aordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChinese___ramics?

A.Thefunctionof___ramicsre___inedthesamefromdynastytodynasty.

B.Theuseof___ramicsastradeobjectsi___etterdocumentedthantheuseof___ramicsasritualobjects.

C.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeof___ramicsovertime.

D.Somereligioussculptureswere___deusingtheearthenwaretypeof___ramics.

3.Theword“evolve”inthepassage（Paragraph3）isclosestinmeaningto

A.divided

B.extended

C.developed

D.vanished

4.Whichofthesenten___sbelowbestexpressestheessentialinfor___tioninthehighlightedsenten___（Paragraph3）inthepassage?

Incorrectchoi___schangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinfor___tion.

A.Whilestonewaresandpor___lainsarefoundthroughoutmosthistoricalperiods,religioussculptureislimitedtotheancientperiod.

B.Religioussculpturewascreatedinmostperiods,butitshistoryislessclearthanthatofstonewaresorpor___lain___ecausesomeoldformscontinuedtobeusedevenwhennewonesweredeveloped.

C.Whilestonewaresandpor___lainschangedthroughouthistory,religioussculpturere___ineduniforminformanduse.

D.Thehistoricaldevelopmentofreligioussculptureisrelativelyunclearbecausereligioussculpturessometimesresembleearthenwarearchitecturalornaments.

5.Paragraph3supportsallofthefollowin___on___rningthehistoryofthe___ramicindustryinChinaEXCEPT:

A.Theearliesthigh-fired___ramicswereofpoorquality.

B.Ceramicsprodu___dduringtheTangandMingdynastiessometimesincorporatedmultiplecolors.

Earthenware___ramicswereprodu___dinChinabeforestonewareswere.

D.TheSongdynastyperiodwasnotablefortheproductionofhighqualitypor___lain___ramics.

6.Theword“instigate”inthepassage（Paragraph4）isclosestinmeaningto

A.improved

B.investigated

C.narrowed

D.caused

7.Aordingtoparagraph4,oneconsequen___ofthetradeofChinese___ramicswas

A.thetransferofadistinctivebluepigmentfromChinatotheMiddleEast

B.animmediatechangefromearthenwareproductiontopor___lainproductioninEuropeancountries

C.Chineseproductionofwares___defortheEuropean___rket

D.adecreasednumberofpor___lainvesselsavailableontheEuropean___rket

8.Theword“whereas”inthepassage（Paragraph5）isclosestinmeaningto

A.while

B.previously

C.surprisingly

D.because

9.Inparagraph5,theauthorparesthedesignsonChinesepotstothoseonGreekpotsinorderto

A.emphasizethatwhileChinesepotsweredecorative,Greekpotswerefunctional

B.arguethatthedesignsonChinesepotshadspecificmeaningsandwerenotjustdecorative

C.arguethattwentieth-___nturyscholarsarebetterabletounderstandthesedesignsthanwereancientscholars

D.explainhowscholarshaveidentifiedthemeaningofspecifici___gesonChinesepots

10.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinparagraph5asbeingsymbolicallyrepresentedonChinese___ramics?

A.Chineserulers

B.loveofhomeland

C.loyallytofriends

D.suessintrade

11.Paragraph5suggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthedecorationsonChinesepottery?

A.Theyhadmoreimportan___foraristocratsthanforordinarycitizens.

B.Theirsignifican______yhavere___inedclearhadtheChinesenoteunderforeigninfluen___.

C.Theycontainsomeofthesamei___gesthatappearonGreekpots

D.Theirsignifican___isnowascleartotwentieth___nturyobserversasitwastotheearlyChinese.

12.Theword“these”inthepassage（Paragraph6）refersto

A.religious___remonies

B.descriptions

C.typesofware

D.pots

13.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsenten___couldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherecouldthesenten___bestfit?

Foreigntradewasalsoresponsiblefor___rtaininnovationsincoloring.

TradebetweentheWestandthesettledandprosperousChinesedynastiesintrodu___dnewformsanddifferenttechnologies.Oneofthemostfar-reachingexamplesistheimpactofthefineninth-___nturyAD.Chinesepor___lainwaresimportedintotheArabworld.■【A】Soadmiredwerethesepie___sthattheyencouragedthedevelopmentofearthenware___deinimitationofpor___lainandinstigatedresearchintothemethodoftheir___nufacture.■【B】FromtheMiddleEasttheChineseacquiredabluepigment—apurifiedformofcobaltoxideunobtainableatthattimeinChina—thatcontainedonlyalowlevelof___nganese.CobaltoresfoundinChinahaveahigh___nganesecontent,whichprodu___samoremutedblue-graycolor.■【C】Intheseventeenth___ntury,thetradingactivitiesoftheDutchEastIndiaCompanyresultedinvastquantitiesofdecoratedChinesepor___lainbeingbroughttoEurope,whichstimulatedandinfluen___dtheworkofawidevarietyofwares,notablyDelft.■【D】TheChinesethemselvesadapted___nyspecificvesselformsfromtheWest,suchasbottleswithlongspouts,anddesignedarangeofdecorativepatternsespeciallyfortheEuropean___rket.

14.Directions:

Anintroductorysenten___forabriefsum___ryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.Completethesum___rybyselectingtheTHREEanswerthatexpressthemostimportantideasint