江西省届高三英语二轮专项训练 阅读理解57Word文件下载.docx

江西省届高三英语二轮专项训练 阅读理解57Word文件下载.docx

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Atfirst,tobaccowasproducedmainlyforpipe-smoking,chewing,andsnuff．Cigarsdidn’tbecomepopularuntiltheearly1800s．Cigarettes,whichhadbeenaroundincrudeformsincetheearly1600s,didn’tbecomewidelypopularintheUnitedStatesuntilaftertheCivilWar,withthespreadof“Bright”tobacco,auniquelycuredyellowleafgrowninVirginiaandNorthCarolina．Cigarettesalessurged（急剧上升）againwiththeintroductionofthe“WhiteBurley”tobaccoleafandtheinventionofthefirstpracticalcigarette-makingmachine,sponsoredbytobaccobaronJamesBuchanan“Buck”Duke,inthelate1880s．

Thenegativehealtheffectsoftobaccowerenotinitiallyknown;

infact,mostearlyEuropeanphysicianssubscribedtotheNativeAmericanbeliefthattobaccocanbeaneffectivemedicine．

Bytheearly20thcentury,withthegrowthincigarettesmoking,articlesaddressingthehealtheffectsofsmokingbegantoappearinscientificandmedicaljournals．

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fueled”inParagraph3mean?

A．Increased．B．Met．

C．Decreased．D．Affected

2．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatdidtheNativeAmericansusethetobaccofor?

A．Economicpurposes．B．Medicalpurposes．

C．Ceremonialpurposes．D．BothBandC．

3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforthepopularityofthecigarette?

A．Thefirstpracticalinventionofcigarettemakingmachine．

B．ThebreakoutoftheCivilWar．

C．Theintroductionofthe“WhiteBurley”tobaccoleaf．

D．Slavelabor’spouringin．

4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsinNotrightaccordingtothepassage?

A．Thetobaccowasfirstusedbythepre-ColumbianAmericanpeople．

B．ThetobaccosmokingspreadveryquicklyinEuropeduringthe16thecentury．

C．Thegrowthoftobaccodirectlyledtotheincreasedemandfortheslavelabor．

D．CigarettehadbecomewidelypopularintheUnitedStatesbeforetheCivilWar．

5．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A．Smokinghasnonegativeeffectstopeople’shealth．

B．Peoplebegantopaymoreattentiontothenegativeeffectsofsmokingbytheearly20thcentury．

C．Therearelotsofarticlespromotingthecigarettessalesbytheearly20thcentury．

D．Smokingwillbesuretoresultincancer．

B

Chinabeganreformingcollegeadmissionsin2020．Sincethattime,inadditiontothenationalcollegeentranceexaminationreforms,thecountryhasallowedsomeuniversitiestosettheirowntestpapers．Inthisway,theyareabletoenrollstudentsindependently．Butstudentshavetogotomanyprovinceswheretheuniversitiesarelocatedtosittheexams．

However,thingswillchangesoon．In2020,fiveuniversities－ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,Xi’anJiaotongUniversity,NanjingUniversityandTsinghuaUniversity－willjoinhandstomakethefreeuniversityenrollmentprogrameasier．Thefiveuniversities’joint（联合的）examswillbeheldatexamsitesinmostofChina’sprovincesandregions．Thismeansthatmoststudentswilljustneedtotaketheexamsintheirhomeprovince．

Eachcandidate（考生）willbeabletoapplyfortwoofthefiveuniversities．Iftheapplicationfails,astudentwillthenbeabletoapplytoathirduniversity．Iftheapplicationissuccessful,astudentstillhastotakethenationalcollegeentranceexam,butheorshewillbegivenextrapointsintheexam．

Theexamwillbemadeupofwrittenexamsandaninterview．Thewrittenexamswillhavetowsections－the“GeneralExam”andthe“SpecialExam”．Inanumberofsubjects,includingChinese,math,English,naturalsciences（forstudentsofscience）,andliberalarts（人文）（forliberalartsstudents）thegeneralexamsectionwillbethesame．IntheSpecialExam,eachuniversitywillhaveitsownexamquestions．Someuniversities’SpecialExamsectionswilltakeplaceatthesametimeastheGeneralExam,whileotherswilltakeplacetogetherwiththeinterview．

Inthejointexams,totalpointswillnotbetheonlycriteriaforcollegeentrance．Thosewhoexcelinaparticularsubjectwillhavetheopportunityofadmissiontoatopuniversity．

YangYanjie,aseniorthreestudentattheAerospaceHighSchoolofZunyi,Guizhouprovince,thinksthejointexamswillbenefitstudents．“Itwillsavestudentstimetheywouldotherwisehavespenttravelingorpreparingfortheexam,”Yangsaid,“Itwillalsoallowstudentstopreparefortheexamonthebasisofspecificfeaturesofuniversities．”

StudentscanapplytotaketheexamsinNovemberandDecember．QualifiedcandidateswilltakethewrittenexamsinJanuarynextyear．Theuniversitieswillpublishthedetailsofthejointexamsprogramsoon．

6．Comparedwiththeformermethods,thenewchangebenefitscandidatesalotbecause___．

A．candidatescanapplytotaketheexaminNovemberandDecember

B．candidatescantaketheexamintheirhomeprovince,whichsavesalot

C．candidatesneedn’ttotakethenationalcollegeentranceexamanymore

D．candidatescanapplyforallthefiveuniversitiesatonce

7．Thefourthparagraphmainlytellsus___．

A．the“GeneralExam”andthe“SpecialExam”

B．theformsmakinguptheexam

C．whichsubjectliberalartsstudentsneedn’tpreparefor

D．whereandwhentheexamisheld

8．Theunderlinedword“excel”inthefifthparagraphmostprobablymeans___．

A．tobesuperiorB．toperformbadly

C．tobecommonD．tobeasgoodasothers

9．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A．Candidateswhofailtoapplyfortwoofthefiveuniversitiesarenotallowedtoapplyforathirduniversity．

B．Allthestudentswhoapplytotaketheexamscantakethewrittenexams．

C．Candidateswhoperformwellinaparticularsubjectcanalsohaveachanceofadmissiontoatopuniversity．

D．Asastudentofscience,hehastohavea“GeneralExam”includingChinese,math,English,naturalsciencesandliberalarts．

10．What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?

A．Tointroduceanewchangeincollegeadmissions．

B．Toadvertiseforthefivefamousuniversities．

C．Toencouragemorestudentstohavethenormalexam．

D．Totellstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily．

C

Theplan:

turnMarsintoablueworldwithstreamsandgreenfields,andthenfillitwithcreaturesfromtheearth．

Thisideamaysoundlikesomethingfromasciencefiction,butitisactuallybeingtakenseriouslybymanyresearchers．

Thissuggeststhefutureforthe“redplanet”willbethemaintopicfordiscussionataninternationalconferencehostedbyNASAthisweek．Leadingresearchersaswellassciencefictionwriterswillattendtheevent．ItcomesasNASA（美国宇航局）ispreparingamulti-billion-dollarMarsresearchprogram．

“TurningMarsintoalittleearthhaslongbeenatopicinsciencefiction,”saidDr．MichaelMeyer,NASA’sseniorscientist．“Now,withscientistsexploringthereality,wecanaskwhataretherealpossibilitiesofchangingMars．”

MostscientistsagreethatMarscouldbeturnedintoalittleearth,althoughmuchtimeandmoneywouldbeneededtoachievethisgoal．Butmanyexpertsareshockedbytheidea．

“Wearedestroyingourownworldatanunbelievablespeedandnowwearetalkingaboutruininganotherplanet,”saidPaulMurdinfromtheInstituteofAstronomy,Cambridge,UK．

Overthepastmonths,scientistshavebecomeincreasinglyconfidenttheywillfindMartianlifeforms．EuropeandAmerica’srobotexplorershavefoundtheproofthatwater,mixedwithsoil,existsinlargeamountsontheplanet．

Inaddition,twodifferentgroupsofscientistsannouncedonMarch28thattheyhadfoundsignsofmethane（甲烷）intheMartianatmosphere,thegasisawasteproductoflivingcreaturesandcouldbeproducedbymicrobes（微生物）livingintheredplanet’ssoil．

ButscientistssuchasDr．LisaPratt,abiologistatIndianaUniversity,saythatthesemicrobeswillbeputindangerbythelittleearthproject．

“BeforewehaveevendiscoveredifthereislifeonMars,wearetalkingaboutcarryingoutprojectsthatwoulddestroyallthesenativelifeforms,allthestrangemicrobesthatwehopetofindburiedinthesoil,”saidDr．Pratt．

MonicaGrady,aplanetaryscientistattheNaturalHistoryMuseum,London,sharesthisview．“Wecannotriskstartingaglobalexperimentthatwouldwipeoutthepreciousinformationwearelookingfor,”shesaid．“Thisisjustwrong”．

11.Accordingtothepassage,besidesscientists,___arealsointerestedinthefutureofMars．

A．thepublicB．sciencefictionwriters

C．thegovernmentsofmanycountriesD．newsreporters

12．ThesignsofmethaneintheMartianatmospheregreatlysupporttheviewthat___onMars．

A．microbesmayexistB．aliensmayexist

C．waterexistsD．soilexists

13．Thosewhoareagainsttheplanareworriedthatitwill___．

A．turnMarsintoalittleearth

B．bringdestructiontotheplanetjustaswhathashappenedontheearth

C．nottocarriedout

D．costtoomuchtimeandmone