英语语言学期末试题练习答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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7.pidgin
8.mistakes
9.interlanguage
10.motivation
11.arbitrariness
petence
13.broadtranscription
14.morphology
15.category
16.errors
ponentialanalysis
18.context
19.blending
20.culture
21.learningstrategies
22.selectionalrestrictions
23.phrasestructurerules
24.culturediffusion
ColumnB
A.Learners’independentsystemofthesecondlanguage,whichisofneitherthenativelanguagenorthesecondlanguage,butacontinuumorapproximationfromhisnativelanguagetothetargetlanguage.9
B.Learner’sattitudesandaffectivestateorlearningdrive,havingastrongimpactonhiseffortsnlearningasecondlanguage.21
C.Therulesthatspecifytheconstituentsofsyntacticcategories.23
D.Throughcommunication,someelementsofcultureAentercultureBandbecomepartofcultureB.24
E.Apersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.6
F.Aspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.7
G.Thekindofanalysiswhichinvolvesthebreakingdownofpredicationsintotheirconstituents----argumentsandpredicates.5
H.Theyrefertoconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhatothers.22
I.ThestructureformedbytheXPruleinaccordancewiththehead’ssubcategorizationproperties.4
J.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.3
K.Thestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesthatgoverntheruleofwordformation.14
L.Theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.2
M.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Itisoneofthedistinctivefeaturesofhumanlanguage.1
N.Learner’sconscious,goal-orientedandproblem-solvingbasedeffortstoachievelearningefficiency.10
O.Thetotalwayoflifeofapeople,includingthepatternsofbelief,customs,objects,institutions,techniques,andlanguagethatcharacterizesthelifeofthehumancommunity.20
P.Thecommonknowledgesharedbyboththespeakerandhearer.18
Q.Thewayofwordformationbywhichnewwordsmaybeformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords.19
R.Agroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguage,suchasasentence,anounphraseoraverb.15
S.Awayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.Thisapproachbelievesthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents.17
T.Theidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.12
U.Oneofthepropertiesofhumanlanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.11
V.Awaytotranscribespeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonly.13
W.Theyreflectgapsinalearner’sknowledgeofthetargetlanguage,notself-corrigible.16
X.Theyreflectoccasionallapsesinperformance.8
Ⅱ.Blank-filling.
Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.
1.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.”Thisquotationisagoodillustrationofthea____natureoflanguage.Arbitrary
2.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistoryisasynchronicstudy;
thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad____study.Diachronic
3.Chomskydefinesc____astheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.Competence
4.Intheproductionofvowelstheairstreamcomingfromthelungsmeetswithnoo____.Thismarkstheessentialdifferencebetweenvowelsandconsonants.Obstruction
5.Thedifferentphonesthatcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthea____ofthephoneme.Allophone
6.Allophonesofthesamephonemecannotoccurinthesamephoneticenvironment.Theyaresaidtobeinc____distribution.Complementary
7.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi____.Intonation
8.Them____unitofmeaningistraditionallycalledmorpheme.Minimum
9.I____morphemesareboundmorphemesthatareforthemostpartpurelygrammaticalmarkers,signifyingsuchconceptsastense,number,caseandsoon.Inflectional
10.Phrasesthatareformedofmorethanonewordusuallycontainthreeelements:
head,specifier,andc____.Complement
11.Concerningthestudyofmeaning,conceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto;
rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofc____inthemind.concept
12.Thesenserelationbetween“animal”and“dog”iscalledh____.hyponymy
13.P____referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.Polysemy
14.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthec____ofuseistakenintoconsideration.Context
15.S____referstothelinguisticvarietycharacteristicofaparticularsocialclass.Sociolect
16.WHOisana____derivedfromtheinitialsof“WorldHealthOrganization”.Acronym
17.AccordingtoHalliday,languagevariesasitsfunctionvaries;
itdiffersindifferentsituations.Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeofsituationisar____.Register
18.Incross-culturalcommunication,someelementsofcultureAentercultureBandbecomepartofcultureB,thusbringingaboutthephenomenonofculturald____.Diffusion
19.Whilethefirstlanguageisacquireds____,thesecondorforeignlanguageismorecommonlylearnedconsciously.Subconsciously
20.Languagea______referstoanaturalabilityforlearningasecondlanguage.Acquisition
21.Vibrationofvocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled“v”,whichisafeatureofallvowelsandsomeconsonantsinEnglish.Voice
22.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentarecalleds____features.Suprasegmental
23.Morphologyreferstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandrulesforwordf____.Formation
24.Theminimalunitofmeaningistraditionallycalledm____.Morpheme
25.Thesenserelationbetween“autumn”and“fall”iscalleds____.Synonym
26.H____referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.Homonymy
27.Indailycommunication,peopledonotalwaysobservethefourmaximsoftheco-operativeprinciple.Conversationali____wouldarisewhenthemaximsareflouted.Implicature
28.SARSisana____derivedfromtheinitialsof“SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome”.Acronym
29.I____isapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.Idiolect
30.RP,theshortformof“R____Pronunciation”referstotheparticularwayofpronouncingstandardEnglish.Received
Ⅲ.Multiplechoice.
Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.
1.____isconsideredtobethefatherofmodernlinguistics.
A.N.ChomskyB.F.deSaussure
C.LeonardBloomfieldD.M.A.K.Halliday
2.Inthescopeoflinguistics,____formthepartoflanguagewhichlinkstogetherthesoundpatternandmeaning.
A.morphologyandsyntaxB.phoneticsandsemantics
C.semanticsandsyntaxD.morphologyandsemantics
3.____studiesthesoundsfromthehearer’spointofview,i.e.,howthesoundsareperceivedbythehearer.
A.auditoryphoneticsB.acousticphoneticsC.articulatoryphonetics
4.Whichofthefollowingwordsbeginswithavelarvoicedstop____
A.godB.bossC.cockD.dog
5.Whichofthefollowingwordsendswithadental,voicelessfricative____
A.roseB.waveC.clothD.massage
6.Whichofthefollowingwordscontainsaback,openandunroundedvowel____
A.godB.bootC.walkD.task
7.WhichofthefollowingisNotavelarsound_____
A.[h]B.[k]C.[g]D.[?
]
8.WhichofthefollowingisNotaminimalpair____
A.bat,biteB.kill,pillC.peak,pig,D.meat,seat
9.Whichofthefollowingisanopenclasswords____
A.emailB.butC.theD.they
10.Theunderlinedmorphemesinthefollowingbelongtotheinflectionalmorphemesexcept____.
A.paintsB.painterC.paintedD.painting
11.Whichofthefollowingwordshasmorethanthreemorphemes____
A.psychophysicsB.boyfriendsC.forefatherD.undesirability
12.Thepairofwords“deadandalive”iscalled____.
A.gradableantonymsB.relationaloppositesC.complementaryantonyms
13.Whichpairofthefollowingwordscanbecategorizedasstylisticsynonyms____
A.torch&
flashlightB.die&
decease
C.amaze&
astoundD.luggage&
baggage
14.X:
Johnhasgivenupsmoking.
Y:
Johnusedtosmoke.
Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis____
A.XentailsYB.XpresupposesY
C.XissynonymouswithYD.XisinconsistentwithY
15.X:
MyfatherhasbeentoLondon.
MyfatherhasbeentoUK.
16.WhenweviolateanyofthemaximsofCo-operativePrinciple,ourlanguagemightbecome____.
A.impoliteB.incorrectC.indirectD.unclear
17.AccordingtoSearl’sclassificationofspeechacts,whichofthefollowingisaninstanceofdirectives____
A.Ifireyou!
B.Yourmoneyoryourlife!
C.I