雅思阅读动植物类真题及答案ThePearl.docx
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雅思阅读动植物类真题及答案ThePearl
雅思阅读动植物类真题及答案:
ThePearl
做好雅思的阅读题除了把握对的〔方法〕,也离不开我们日常的辛勤练习,下面我给大家带来雅思阅读动〔植物类〕真题及答案:
ThePearl,一起加油吧!
雅思阅读动植物类真题:
ThePearl
ThePearl
A
Throughouthistory,pearlshaveheldauniquepresencewithinthewealthy
andpowerful.Forinstance,thepearlwasthefavoredgemofthewealthy
duringtheRomanEmpire.Thisgiftfromtheseahadbeenbroughtbackfrom
theorientbytheRomanconquests.Romanwomenworepearlstobedso
theycouldberemindedoftheirwealthimmediatelyuponwakingup.Before
jewelerslearnedtocutgems,thepearlwasofgreatervaluethanthediamond.
IntheOrientandPersiaEmpire,pearlsweregroundintopowderstocure
anythingfromheartdiseasetoepilepsy,withpossibleaphrodisiacusesaswell.
Pearlswereonceconsideredanexclusiveprivilegeforroyalty.Alawin1612
drawnupbytheDukeofSaxonyprohibitedthewearingofpearlsbynobility,
professors,doctorsortheirwivesinanefforttofurtherdistinguishroyal
appearance.AmericanIndiansalsousedfreshwaterpearlsfromtheMississippi
Riverasdecorationsandjewelry.
B
Thereareessentiallythreetypesofpearls:
natural,culturedandimitation.A
naturalpearl(oftencalledanOrientalpearl)formswhenanirritant,suchas
apieceofsand,worksitswayintoaparticularspeciesofoyster,mussel,or
clam.Asadefensemechanism,themollusksecretesafluidtocoattheirritant.
Layeruponlayerofthiscoatingisdepositedontheirritantuntilalustrous
pearlisformed.
C
Theonlydifferencenaturalpearlsandculturedpearlsisthattheirritantis
asurgicallyimplantedbeadorpieceofshellcalledMotherofPearl.Often,
theseshellsaregroundoystershellsthatareworth
significantamountsofmoneyintheirownrightas
irritant-catalystsforqualitypearls.Theresulting
coreis,muchlargerthaninanaturalpearl.Yet,
aslongasthereareenoughlayersofnacre(the
secretedfluidcoveringtheirritant)toresultina
beautiful,gem-qualitypearl,thesizeofthenucleus
isofnoconsequencetobeautyordurability.
D
Pearlscancomefromeithersaltorfreshwatersources.Typically,saltwater
pearlstendtobehigherquality,althoughthereareseveraltypesoffreshwater
pearlsthatareconsideredhighinqualityaswell.Freshwaterpearlstendto
beveryirregularinshape,withapuffedriceappearancethemostprevalent.
Nevertheless,itiseachindividualpearlsmeritsthatdeterminesvaluemore
thanthesourceofthepearl.Saltwaterpearloystersareusuallycultivatedin
protectedlagoonsorvolcanicatolls.However,mostfreshwaterculturedpearls
soldtodaycomefromChina.Culturedpearlsaretheresponseoftheshelltoa
tissueimplant.Atinypieceofmantletissuefromadonorshellistransplanted
intoarecipientshell.Thisgraftwillformapearlsacandthetissuewill
precipitatecalciumcarbonateintothispocket.Thereareanumberofoptions
forproducingculturedpearls:
usefreshwaterorseawatershells,transplant
thegraftintothemantleorintothegonad,addasphericalbeadordoitnonbeaded.
Themajorityofsaltwaterculturedpearlsaregrownwithbeads.
E
Regardlessofthemethodusedtoacquireapearl,theprocessusuallytakes
severalyears.Musselsmustreachamatureage,whichcantakeupt03years,
andthenbeimplantedornaturallyreceiveanirritant.Oncetheirritantis
inplace,itcantakeuptoanother3yearsforthepearltoreachitsfullsize.
Often,theirritantmayberejected,thepearlwillbeterrificallymisshapen,or
theoystermaysimplydiefromdiseaseor
countlessothercomplications.Bytheend
ofa5t010yearcycle,only50%ofthe
oysterswillhavesurvived.Andofthepearls
produced,onlyapproximately5%areof
substantialqualityfortopjewelrymakers.
Fromtheoutset,apearlfannercanfigure
onspendingover$100foreveryoyster
thatisfarmed,ofwhichmanywillproduce
nothingordie.
F
Imitationpearlsareadifferentstory
altogether.Inmostcases,aglassbeadis
dippedintoasolutionmadefromfish
scales.Thiscoatingisthinandmay
eventuallywearoff.Onecanusually
tellanimitationbybitingonit.Fake
pearlsglideacrossyourteeth,whilethe
layersofnacreonrealpearlsfeelgritty.
TheIslandofMallorca(inSpain)isknownforitsimitationpearlindustry.
Qualitynaturalpearlsareveryrarejewels.Theactualvalueofanaturalpearl
isdeterminedinthesamewayasitwouldbeforother“precious”gems.
Thevaluationfactorsincludesize,shape,color,qualityofsurface,orient
andluster.Ingeneral,culturedpearlsarelessvaluablethannaturalpearls,
whereasimitationpearlsalmosthavenovalue.Onewaythatjewelerscan
determinewhetherapearlisculturedornaturalistohaveagemlabperform
anx-rayofthepearl.Ifthex-rayrevealsanucleus,thepearlislikelyabeadnucleated
saltwaterpearl.Ifnonucleusispresent,butirregularandsmalldark
innerspotsindicatingacavityarevisible,combinedwithconcentricringsof
organicsubstance,thepearlislikelyaculturedfreshwater.Culturedfreshwater
pearlscanoftenbeconfusedfornaturalpearlswhichpresentashomogeneous
pictureswhichcontinuouslydarkentowardthesurfaceofthepearl.Natural
pearlswilloftenshowlargercavitieswhereorganicmatterhasdriedoutand
decomposed.Althoughimitationpearlslookthepart,theydonothavethe
sameweightorsmoothnessasrealpearls,andtheirlusterwillalsodimgreatly.
Amongculturedpearls,AkoyapearlsfromJapanaresomeofthemostlustrous.
Agoodqualitynecklaceof40Akoyapearlsmeasuring7mmindiametersells
forabout$1,500,whileasuper-highqualitystrandsellsforabout$4,500.Size
ontheotherhand,hastodowiththeageoftheoysterthatcreatedthepearl(the
morematureoystersproducelargerpearls)andthelocationinwhichthepearl
wascultured.TheSouthSeawatersofAustraliatendtoproducethelarger
pearls;probablybecausethewateralongthecoastlineissuppliedwithrich
nutrientsfromtheoceanfloor.Also,thetypeofmusselcommontothearea
seemstopossessapredilectionforproducingcomparativelylargepearls.
G
Historically,theworld’sbestpearlscamefromthePersianGulf,especially
aroundwhatisnowBahrain.ThepearlsofthePersianGulfwerenatural
createdandcollectedbybreath-holddivers.Thesecrettothespeciallusterof
Gulfpearlsprobablyderivedfromtheuniquemixtureofsweetandsaltwater
aroundtheisland.Unfortunately,thenaturalpearlindustryofthePersianGulf
endedabruptlyintheearly1930’swiththediscoveryoflargedepositsof
oil.Thosewhooncedoveforpearlssoughtprosperityintheeconomicboom
usheredinbytheoilindustry.Thewaterpollutionresultingfromspilledoil
andindiscriminateover-fishingofoystersessentiallyruinedtheoncepristine
pearlproducingwatersoftheGulf.Today,pearldivingispracticedonlyas
ahobby.Still,Bahrainremainsoneoftheforemosttradingcentersforhigh
qualitypearls.Infact,culturedpearlsarebannedfromtheBahrainpearl
market,inanefforttopreservethelocation’sheritage.Nowadays,thelargest
stockofnaturalpearlsprobablyresidesinIndia.Ironically,muchofIndia’s
stockofnaturalpearlscameoriginallyfromBahrain.UnlikeBahrain,which
hasessentiallylostitspearlresource,traditionalpearlfishingisstillpracticed
onasmallscaleinIndia.
雅思阅读真题答案解析——pearl珠宝
1A
【原文参考根据-A】第2句话thepearlwasthefavoredgemofthwealthyduringtheRomanEmpire.在罗马帝国时代,珠宝是深受富人宠爱的宝贝。
2E
【原文参考根据-E】第一句话Regardlessofthemethodusedtoacquireapearl,theprocessusuallytakesseveralyears.不管用什么方法去获取珠宝,这个过程通常需要几年。
所以对应题干中的difficulties.
3F
4C
【原文参考根据-c】第一句话TheonlydifferencenaturalpearlsandculturedpearlsisthattheirrtantisasurficallyimplantedbeadorpieceofshellcalledMotherofPearl.自然 珠宝和人工养殖珠宝的唯一差异在于人工养殖珠宝的刺激物是一个通过外科手术植入的珠子或者小块的壳,被称作珠宝母。
5B
【原文参考根据-A】第四句话Romanwomenworepearlstobedsotheycouldberemindedoftheirwealthimmediatelyuponwakingup.罗马女人还戴着珠宝上床睡觉,这样她们一觉醒来看到珠宝的时候,马上就能看到自己是多么的富有。
6J【原文参考根据-A】第6句话IntheorientandPersiaEmpire,pearlsweregroundintopowderstocureanythingfromheartdiseasetoepilepsy,withpossibleaphrodisiacaswell.在亚洲和波斯特帝国,珠宝被磨成珠宝粉用来治疗从心脏病到癫痫的各种疾病。
7K【原文参考根据-F】TheIslandofMallorca(inSpain)isknownforitsimitationpearlindustry.西班牙的马略卡岛以生产人造珠宝首饰而有名
8F【原文参考根据-F】Amongculturedpearls,AkoyapearlsfromJapanaresomeofthemostlustrous.产自日本的珠宝是全部人工养殖珠宝中光泽度最亮的一种。
9C【原文参考根据-F】倒数第二句TheSouthSeawatersofAustraliatendtoproducethelargepearls;probablybecausethewateralongthecoastlineissupplicedwithrichnutrientsfromtheoceanfloor.产自澳大利亚的南海海域的珠宝个头一般更大。
10D【原文参考根据-G末句】UnlikeBahrain,whichhasessentiallylostitspearlresource,traditionalpearlfishingisstillpracticedonasmallinIndia.在印度,小规模的传统〔潜水〕收集珠宝作业仍旧存在。
11TRUE【原文参考根据-C】第三句话Theresultingcoreis,therefore,muchlargerthaninanaturalpearl.因此,人工养殖珠宝的内核比自然 珠宝要大。
12FALSE【原文参考根据-F第10句话】Ingeneral,culturedpearlsarelessvaluablethannaturalpearls,whereasimitationpearlsalmosthavenovalue.总体来说,人工养殖珠宝的价值比不过自然 珠宝,而人造珠宝就更没有价值可言了。
题目中说养殖的珠宝和自然 的珠宝价值是一样的明显是错误的,所以答案是False.
13TRUE【原文参考根据-F倒数第2句话】heSouthSeawatersofAustraliatendtoproducethelargepearls;probablybecausethewateralongthecoastlineissupplicedwithrichnutrientsfromtheoceanfloor.产自澳大利亚的南海海域的珠宝个头一般更大。
14NOTGIVEN
雅思阅读技巧之词汇+〔总结〕
雅思阅读技巧锦囊一:
英语词库
所