英语专业八级(考研)阅读理解模拟试题及解析.doc

英语专业八级(考研)阅读理解模拟试题及解析.doc

《英语专业八级(考研)阅读理解模拟试题及解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语专业八级(考研)阅读理解模拟试题及解析.doc（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语专业八级（考研）阅读理解模拟试题及解析

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise；andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

　　Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

　　Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers'intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha！

experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

　　Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

　　Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

　　1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto

　　[A]Speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

　　[B]Identifyaproblem.

　　[C]Bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

　　[D]Stipulatecleargoals.

　　2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2？

　　[A]Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

　　[B]Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

　　[C]Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

　　[D]Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

　　3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis？

　　[A]ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts；ManagerYdoesnot.

　　[B]ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis；ManagerYdoesnot.

　　[C]ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem；ManagerYdoesnot.

　　[D]ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem；ManagerXdoesnot.

　　4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements？

　　[A]Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

　　[B]Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

　　[C]Managers''intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

　　[D]Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

　　5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext？

　　[A]Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

　　[B]Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandan