年大学英语六级考试真题详细解析第三套Word格式文档下载.docx

年大学英语六级考试真题详细解析第三套Word格式文档下载.docx

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ReadingComprehension

40minutes>

SectionA

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword

foreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage

throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ManyEuropeancountrieshavebeenmakingtheshifttoelectricvehiclesandGermanyhas

juststatedthattheyplantobanthesaleofvehiclesusinggasolineanddieselasfuelby2030.The

countryisalsoplanningtoreduceitscarbonfootprintby80-95%by2050,___26___ashiftto

greenenergyinthecountry.Effectively,thebanwillincludetheregistrationofnewcarsinthe

countryastheywillnotallowanygasoline___27___vehicletoberegisteredafter2030.

Partofthereasonthisbanisbeingdiscussedand___28___isbecauseenergyofficialssee

thattheywillnotreachtheiremissionsgoalsby2050iftheydonot___29___alargeportionof

vehicleemissions.Thecountryisstill___30___thatitwillmeetitsemissionsgoals,likereducing

emissionsby40%by2020,butthe___31___ofelectriccarsinthecountryhasnotoccurredas

fastasexpected.

Othereffortstoincreasetheuseofelectricvehiclesincludeplanstobuildover1million

63

hybridandelectriccarbatterychargingstationsacrossthecountry.By2030,Germanyplanson

havingover6millionchargingstations___32___.AccordingtotheInternationalBusinessTimes,

electriccarsalesareexpectedtoincreaseasVolkswagenisstillrecoveringfromitsemissions

scandal.

Thereare___33___around155,000registeredhybridandelectricvehiclesonGermanroads,

dwarfedbythe45milliongasolineanddieselcarsdrivingtherenow.Ascountriescontinuesetting

goalsofreducingemissions,greaterstepsneedtobetakentohavea___34___effectonthe

surroundingenvironment.Whiletheeffortsarecertainlynot___35___,theresultsofsuchbans

willlikelyonlystarttobeseenbygenerationsdowntheline,betteringtheworldforthefuture.

A>

acceptance

B>

currently

C>

disrupting

D>

eliminate

E>

exhaust

F>

futile

G>

hopeful

H>

implemented

I>

incidentally

J>

installed

K>

noticeable

L>

powered

M>

restoration

N>

skeptical

O>

sparking

SectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.

Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfrom

whichtheinformationisderived,Youmaychoosea,paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraph

ismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2.

Apple’sStanceHighlightsaMoreConfrontationalTeachIndustry

ThebattlebetweenAppleandlawenforcementofficialsoverunlockingaterrorist’s

smartphoneistheculminationofaslowturningofthetablesbetweenthetechnologyindustryand

theUnitedStatesgovernment.

AfterrevelationsbytheformerNationalSecurityAgencycontractorEdwardJ.Snowdenin

2013thatthegovernmentbothcoziedupto<

讨好>

certaintechcompaniesandhackedintoothers

togainaccesstoprivatedataonanenormousscale,techgiantsbegantorecognizetheUnited

Statesgovernmentasahostileactor.Butiftheconfrontationhascrystallizedinthislatestbattle,it

mayalreadybeheadingtowardapredictableconclusion:

Inthelongrun,thetechcompaniesare

destinedtoemergevictorious.

64

Itmaynotseemthatwayatthemoment.Ontheoneside,youhavetheUnitedStates

government’smightylegalandsecurityapparatusfightingfordataofthemostsympatheticsort:

thesecretsburiedinadeadmassmurderer’sphone.Theactionstemsfromafederalcourtorder

issuedonTuesdayrequiringAppletohelptheFederalBureauofInvestigation<

F.B.I>

tounlockan

iPhoneusedbyoneofthetwoattackerswhokilled14peopleinSanBernardino,California,in

December.

Intheothercorneristheworld’smostvaluablecompany,whosechiefexecutive,TimothyD.

Cook,hassaidhewillappealthecourt’sorder.Applearguesthatitisfightingtopreservea

principlethatmostofuswhoareaddictedtooursmartphonescandefend:

WeakenasingleiPhone

sothatitscontentscanbeviewedbytheAmericangovernmentandyouriskweakeningall

iPhonesforanygovernmentintruder,anywhere.

Therewillprobablybemonthsoflegaltussling,anditisnotatallclearwhichsidewillprevail

incourt,norinthebattleforpublicopinionandlegislativefavor.Yetunderlyingallofthisisa

simpledynamic:

Apple,Google,Facebookandothercompaniesholdmostofthecardsinthis

confrontation.Theyhaveourdata,andtheirbusinessesdependontheglobalpublic’scollective

beliefthattheywilldoeverythingtheycantoprotectthatdata.

Anycrackinthatfrontcouldbefatalfortechcompaniesthatmustoperateworldwide.IfApple

isforcedtoopenupaniPhoneforanAmericanlawenforcementinvestigation,whatistoprevent

itfromdoingsoforarequestfromtheChineseortheIranians?

IfAppleisforcedtowritecode

thatletstheF.B.I.getintothePhone5cusedbySyedRizwanFarook,themaleattackerintheSan

Bernardinoattack,whowouldberesponsibleifsomehackergotholdofthatcodeandbrokeinto

itsotherdevices?

Apple’sstanceontheseissuesemergedpost-Snowden,whenthecompanystartedputtingin

placeaseriesoftechnologiesthat,bydefault,makeuseofencryptiontolimitaccesstopeople’s

data.Morethanthat,Apple-and,indifferentways,othertechcompanies,includingGoogle,

Facebook,TwitterandMicrosoft-havemadetheiroppositiontothegovernment’sclaimsapoint

ofcorporatepride.

Apple’semergingglobalbrandisprivacy;

ithasstakeditscorporatereputation,nottomention

theinvestmentofconsiderabletechnicalandfinancialresources,onlimitingthesortofmass

surveillancethatwasuncoveredbyMr.Snowden.Sonow,formanycasesinvolvinggovernmental

65

intrusionsintodata,once-lonelyprivacyadvocatesfindthemselvesfightingalongsidethemost

powerfulcompanyintheworld.

"

Acomparisonpointisinthe1990sbattlesoverencryption,"

saidKurtOpsahl,general

counseloftheElectronicFrontierFoundation,aprivacywatchdoggroup."

Thenyouhadafew

companiesinvolved,butnotoneofthelargestcompaniesintheworldcomingoutwithalengthy

andimpassionedpost,likewesawyesterdayfromTimCook.Theprofilehasreallybeenraised."

Appleandothertechcompaniesholdanotherace:

thetechnicalmeanstokeepmakingtheir

devicesmoreandmoreinaccessible.NotethatApple’spublicoppositiontothegovernment’s

requestisitselfahindrancetomassgovernmentintrusion.Andtogetatthecontentsofasingle

iPhone,thegovernmentsaysitneedsacourtorderandApple’shelptowritenewcode;

inearlier

versionsoftheiPhone,onesthatwerecreatedbeforeApplefoundreligionon<

热衷于>

privacy,

theF.B.I.mayhavebeenabletobreakintothedevicebyitself.

Youcanexpectthatnoose<

束缚>

tocontinuetotighten.Expertssaidthatwhetherornot

Applelosesthisspecificcase,measuresthatitcouldputintoplaceinthefuturewillalmost

certainlybeabletofurtherlimitthegovernment’sreach.

That’snottosaythattheoutcomeoftheSanBernardinocaseisinsignificant.AsAppleand

severalsecurityexpertshaveargued,anordercompellingAppletowritesoftwarethatgivesthe

F.B.I.accesstotheiPhoneinquestionwouldestablishanunsettlingprecedent.Theorder

essentiallyasksAppletohackitsowndevices,andonceitisinplace,theprecedentcouldbeused

tojustifylawenforcementeffortstogetaroundencryptiontechnologiesinotherinvestigationsfar

removedfromnationalsecuritythreats.

OncearmedwithamethodforgainingaccesstoiPhones,thegovernmentcouldasktouseit

proactively<

先发制人地>

beforeasuspectedterroristattack-leavingAppleinabindasto

whethertocomplyorriskanattackandsufferapublic-relationsnightmare."

Thisisabrand-new

salvointhewaragainstencryption,"

Mr.Opsahlsaid."

We’vehadplentyofdebatesinCongress

andthemediaoverwhetherthegovernmentshouldhaveabackdoor,andthisisanendrunaround

that-heretheycomewithanordertocreatethatbackdoor."

Yetit’sworthnotingthatevenifAppleultimatelylosesthiscase,ithasplentyoftechnical

meanstocloseabackdoorovertime."

Ifthey’reanywherenearworththeirsaltasengineers,Ibet

66

they’rerethinkingtheirthreatmodelaswespeak,"

saidJonathanZdziarski,adigitalforensic

expertwhostudiestheiPhoneanditsvulnerabilities.

Onerelativelysimplefix,Mr.Zdziarskisaid,wouldbeforAppletomodifyfutureversionsof

theiPhonetorequireausertoenterapasscodebeforethephonewillacceptthesortofmodified

operatingsystemthattheF.B.I.wantsAppletocreate.Thatway,Applecouldnotunilaterally

introduceacode