自考商务英语05844课后问答题答案.docx

自考商务英语05844课后问答题答案.docx

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自考商务英语05844课后问答题答案

Lesson1

1.whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?

Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.?

Internationalbusinessrefertotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport,suchasbusinessbetweenHongkongandTaiwan.Internationalbusinesstakesplacebetweencountrieswhiledomesticbusinesstakesplaceinthesamecountry.

2.Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?

Visibletraderefertothefromofcommoditytrade,.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.Invisibletradereferstothekindoftradeintheformoftransportation,communication,bankinginsurance,consulting,informationetc.Thelatterisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade.

3.Canyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiness?

Yes,Ican.Inbusinessactivities,AmericansaremoreinformalthanEuropeans.Americansarepleasedtobecalledtheirfirstnamestoclosetherelationship.Europeanswillthinkitimpolitetobecalledthefirstnames,especiallythefirsttimetheymeet.

4.Pleaseelaborateonthetwocategoriesofinternationalinvestment.Whatistheirmajordifference?

Internationalinvestmentcanbeclassifiedintotwocategories,thatis,foreigndirectinvestment（FDI）andportfolioinvestment.ThemajordifferencebetweenthemisthatFDIismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.Portfolioinvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.

5.Whatislicensing?

Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasameansofenteringaforeignmarket?

Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Firmschooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostartbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.Beside,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantagesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipormanagement.

6.Whatisfranchising?

Howisdifferentfromlicensing?

Franchisingcanberegardedasaspecialformoflicensing.Underfranchising,afirm,calledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperatethefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks.brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.Incomparisonwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.

7.whatismanagementcontract?

Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?

Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume.Whenagovernmentforbidsforeignownershipincertainindustries,itismostapplicable.

8.whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?

InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTfromit?

Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.ForBOT,Bstandsforbuild,OforoperateandTfortransfer.BOTisapopularvariantoftheturkeyproject.ForaBOTproject,afirmoperateafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.MakingprofitfromoperatingtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifferencebetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeyproject.

Lesson2

1.ExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelyandpointouttheirmajorweusetheminterchangeably?

GNPandGDParetwoimportantconceptsusedtoindicateacountry’stotalincome.GNPreferstothemarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.GDPmeasuresthemarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.ThemajordifferencebetweenGNPandGDPisthattheformerfocussonownershipofthefactorsofproductionwhichthelatterconcentratesontheplacewhereproductiontakesplace.

2.whataremeantbyhighincome,middleincome,andlowincomecountriesaccordingtotheWorldBank?

Citesomeexamplesforeachgroup.

High–incomecountriesrefertothosewithannualpercapitaincomeof$9,386andabove,.theunitedstates.Middleincomecountriesrefertothosewithannualpercapitaincomeofbelow$9,386butabove$765,.Greece.Low—incomecountriesrefertothosewithannualpercapitaincomeofonly$765orbelow,Africancountries.

3.Whyarehighincomecountriesimportanttotradeandinvestment?

Shouldweneglectlowincomecountriesininternationalbusiness?

Becausehigh—incomecountriesoftenhavegoodinfrastructure,highpurchasingpower,advancedtechnology,efficientmanagement,andfavorableenvironmentfortradeandinvestment.Theyofferprimemarketsforexpensiveconsumergoodsandbothattractiveaourcesanddestinationsofinvestment.Butlowerincomecountriesshouldnotbeneglectedininternationalbusinessactivities,becausetheyconstitutlemarketsforlower—pricedstaplegoods,providecheaplaborandareoftenrichinresources.Besides,marketissomethingtobedeveloped.

4.InwhatdifferentwaysareGDPandpercapitaincomesignificantinassessingthepotentialofaparticularmarket?

TotalGDPindicatestheoverallsizeofaneconomy,whichisimportantinmarketassessmentfordurableequipmentorbulkgoodssuchasgrain,steel,orcement.PercapitaGDPrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers,whichisimportantwhenmarketingconsumerdurables.

5.Waschinaalow—incomecountryafewyearsago?

Howaboutnow?

Chinawasalow—incomecountryafewyearsago,butnowamiddle—incomecountry.

6.Whatdoestheterm”Triad”referto?

whatismeantbyQuad?

Triadreferstothethreerichestregionsoftheworld,theUnitedStates,theEuropeanUnionandJapanthatofferthemostimportantbusinessopportunities.QuadextendsthescopeofTriadtoincludeCanada.

7.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutOECD?

Pleasemakeabriefaccount.

OECDstandsforOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.Anorganizationthatactsasameetinggroundfor30countrieswhichbelievestronglyinthefreemarketsystem.TheOECDprovidesaforumfordiscussingissuesandreachingagreements,someofwhicharelegallybinding.

8.WhatisthebestpolicyforChinatodevelopbusinessopportunities?

Thebestpolicyforchinatodevelopbusinessopportunitiesisthatweshouldpayparticularattentiontothemarketsaroundthefourtigers,theASEANcountries,Russia,India,andabitfartherawayAustralia,atthesametiem,donotneglectothermarkets.Itisnotagoodideatotieone’sbusinesstoonlyafewmarkets.

Lesson3

1.whatisfreetradearea?

Makeabriefaccountofthemostnotablefreetradeareaintheworld.

Inthefreetradearea,membersremovebarrierstotheflowofgoodsandservicesamongthemselveswhileeach

2.Inwhatwayisacustomsuniondifferentfromafreetradearea?

3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofacommonmarket?

Whichorganizationremainedacommonmarketforsomeyearsinthepast?

4.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutaneconomicunion?

Canmembersofaneconomicunionkeepalloftheirnationalsoveignty?

5.MakeabriefaccountoftheoriginanddevelopmentoftheEU.

6.WhatisthemostpowerfulinstitutionoftheEU?

WhatistheexecutivebodyoftheEU?

Howdoesitoperate?

7.ExplainbrieflythefivelayerorganizationalstructureofAsia—PacificEconomicCooperation.

8.WhatarethetenetandobjectivesofAPEC?

Whatismeantbyitstwowheels?

9.WhatarethenatureandobjectivesofOPEC?

Lesson4

1.Whatarethebasicfeatureandmajorroleofeconomicglobalization?

2.Mentionsomeoftheprosandconsofeconomicistherightattitudetowardsit?

3.Whatistheformaldefinitionofamultinationalenterprise?

Howcanyoutellwhetheramultinationalcorporationisaparentorjustanaffiliate?

4.DescribebrieflythecharacteristicsofMNEs.

5.WhatisthecommonlyrecognizedrecognizedobjectiveofMNEs.

6.WhyisseuritysoimportanttoMNEs?

7.Doyouthink“widegeographicalspread”ofMNEsplayaveryimportantroleinthedevelopmentoftheirbusiness?

Why?

8.WhatistherelationshipbetweenMNEsandtheirhostcountries?

9.Whatarethefourtypesofmultinationalenterprises?

Describeeachofthermbriefly.

10.Aretheremanyworldcompaniesatpresent?

Imaginetheirfutureroleincompleteglobalization?

Lesson5

1.Howwouldyoudefineinternationaltrade?

2.Whydidinternationaltradefirstbegin?

3.Whatisthenewincentivefortradethatarosewiththedevelopmentofmanufacturingandtechnology?

4.Accordingtothetheoryofabsoluteadvantage,tradeoccursonlywhenacountryhasanabsoluteadvantageoverthatalwaystrue?

5.Whointroducedthetheoryofcomparativeadvantage?

Whichtheorymakesmoresense,absoluteadvantageorcomparativeadvantage?

6.Explainbrieflywhytradetoexploitcomparativeadvantagepromotesefficiencyamongcountries.

7.IScomparativeadvantagesomethingstagic?

Isitpurelydecidedbytheendowmentsofnature>?

Giveexamplestoshowthedevelopmentofcomparativeadvantagebycertaincountries.

Lesson6

1.Arethereotherbasesfortradewhentherearenodifferencesamongcountriesinproductionconditions?

Mentionsomeofthebases.

2.Whatiseconomyofscale?

Whatistherelationbetweeneconomyofsca