全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 英语二真题.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 英语二真题.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语

（二）真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

It’snotdifficulttosettargetsfor

staff.Itismuchharder,

1,to

understandtheir

negativeconsequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents.

2oneand

theothersbecomedistorted.

TravelonaLondonbusandyou’ll

3seehowthisworkswithdrivers.Watchpeopleget

onandshowtheirtickets.Aretheycarefullyinspected?

Never.Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?

Ofcourse!

Arethereinspectorsto

4

thatpeoplehavepaid?

Possibly,butveryfew.And

peoplewhorunforthebus?

Theyare

5

.Howaboutjumpinglights?

Busesdosoalmostas

frequentlyascyclists.

Why?

Becausethe

target

is

6

.People

complainedthatbuseswere

lateand

infrequent.

7

the

number

ofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,and

drivers

were

8

orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.Anddrivershitthesetargets.But

they

9

hitcyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto

10

youwouldhavemoreinspectors

and

more

sensitive

pricing.

If

the

criterion

changed

tosafety,youwouldget

more

11

driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws.Butboththesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseof

time.

Thereisanother

12

:

peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets.Have

you

13

thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?

Tailwinds?

Of

coursenot!

Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea

14

ismeanttotake.Aone-hour

flightisnowbilledasatwo-hourflight.

The

15

ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsaremultidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.

Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell

16

others.Everythingcanbedonefasterand

madecheaper,butthereisa

17

.Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegative

consequences.

Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisanargumentforexploring

consequencesfirst.Allgoodtargetsshouldhavemultiplecriteria

18

criticalfactorssuch

astime,money,qualityandcustomerfeedback.Thetrickisnotonlyto

19

justoneor

eventwodimensionsoftheobjective,

but

alsotounderstand

howto

helppeople

better

20

theobjective.

1.

[A]therefore

[B]again

[C]moreover

[D]however

2.

[A]Identify

[B]Assess

[C]Emphasize

[D]Explain

3.

[A]curiously

[B]quickly

[C]eagerly

[D]nearly

4.

[A]check

[B]prove

[C]recall

[D]claim

5.

[A]threatened

[B]mocked

[C]ignored

[D]blamed

6.

[A]hospitality

[B]competition

[C]punctuality

[D]innovation

7.

[A]Yet

[B]Besides

[C]Still

[D]So

8.

[A]rewarded

[B]trained

[C]grouped

[D]hired

9.

[A]rather

[B]also

[C]suspicious

[D]only

10.

[A]comfort

[B]efficiency

[C]security

[D]revenue

11.

[A]cautious

[B]quiet

[C]diligent

[D]friendly

12.

[A]purpose

[B]prejudice

[C]policy

[D]problem

13.

[A]revealed

[B]noticed

[C]admitted

[D]reported

14.

[A]break

[B]departure

[C]transfer

[D]trip

15.

[A]moral

[B]background

[C]style

[D]form

16.

[A]sacrifice

[B]criticize

[C]tolerate

[D]interpret

17.

[A]secret

[B]cost

[C]product

[D]task

18.

[A]relatingto

[B]callingfor

[C]accountingfor

[D]leadingto

19.

[A]predict

[B]restore

[C]specify

[D]create

20.[A]review[B]achieve[C]present[D]modify

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Reskillingissomethingthatsoundslikeabuzzwordbutisactuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafuturewherealotofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.Weknowwearemovingintoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwillchangerapidly,aswilltherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumdetailedintheHarvardBusinessReview,findsthatonaverage42percentofthe“coreskills”withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatisaveryshorttimeline,sowecanonlyimaginewhatthechangeswillbefurtherinthefuture.

Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystolet