Key to Supplementary ExercisesBook IItest two 2Word格式.docx

Key to Supplementary ExercisesBook IItest two 2Word格式.docx

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1）背离传统需要极大的勇气。

（departure，enormous）'

2）汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。

（performance,bold）

3）很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。

（creative，desirable）

4）假设（assume）那幅画确实是名作（masterpiece），你觉得值得购买吗？

（worthwhile）

5）如果这些数据在统计上是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。

（throwlighton,investigate,valid）

1.Ittakesanenormousamountofcouragetomakeadeparturefromthetradition.

2.Tomusedtobeveryshy,butthistimehewasboldenoughtogiveaperformanceinfrontofalargeaudience.

3.Manyeducatorsthinkitdesirabletofosterthecreativespiritinthechildatanearlyage.

4.Assuming（that）thispaintingreallyisamasterpiece,doyouthinkit'

sworthwhiletobuy/purchaseit?

5.Ifthedataisstatisticallyvalid,itwillthrowlightontheproblemweareinvestigating.

TaskIIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

Thereare9shortpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.Therearefourchoicesforeachquestionandyoushoulddecideonthebestchoice

PassageOne

Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapace,wecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftwareorbyalteringthearchitecture,butthat,too,willhappen.

Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsiliconwillarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon'

slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.

Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.

1.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?

A）Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.

B）Byworkinghardfor10or20years.

C）Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.

D）Byreproducingit.

2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?

A）Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.

B）Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.

C）Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.

D）Hedoesn'

tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.

3.Theword"

carbon"

（Sentence4,Paragraph2）standsfor________

A）intelligentrobots

B）achemicalelement

C）anorganicsubstance

D）humanbeings

4.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen_______

A）itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestion

B）itisabletobeartheroughenvironment

C）itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrain

D）itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.

A）aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofself-production

B）withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability

C）oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,itwillpossessintelligence

D）robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,man-madeworldinspace

PassageTwo

AnewstudybyUSresearcherssuggeststhattheocean,inparticulartheepicebbsandflowsofsealevelandsediment（沉积）overthecourseofgeologicaltime,istheprimarycauseoftheworld'

speriodicmassextinctionsoverthepast500millionyears.

"

TheexpansionsandcontractionsofthoseenvironmentshaveprettyprofoundeffectsonlifeonEarth,"

saysassistantprofessorofgeologyandgeophysicsattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,whoistheauthorofthenewreportpublishedinthelatestissueofthejournalNature.

Inshort,saystheprofessor,changesinoceanenvironmentsrelatedtosealevelexertadrivinginfluenceonratesofextinction,whichanimalsandplantssurviveorvanish,andgenerallydeterminethecomposition（结构）oflifeintheoceans.

SincetheadventoflifeonEarth3.5billionyearsago,scientiststhinktheremayhavebeenasmanyas23massextinctionevents.Duringthepast540millionyears,therehavebeenfivewell-documentedmassextinctions,primarilyofmarineplantsandanimals,withasmanyas75～95percentofspecieslost.

Forthemostpart,scientistshavebeenunabletopindownthecausesofsuchdramaticevents.Inthecaseofthedemise（消亡）ofthedinosaurs,scientistshaveasmokinggun,animpactcrater（火山口）thatsuggestsdinosaurswerewipedoutastheresultofalargeasteroid（行星）crashingintotheplanet.Butthecausesofothermassextinctioneventshavebeenmurky,atbest.

ArnoldMiller,aprofessorofgeologyattheUniversityofCincinnati,saysthenewstudyisstrikingbecauseitestablishesaclearrelationshipbetweenthetempoofmassextinctioneventsandchangesinsealevelandsediment.

ThenewWisconsinstudy,Peterssays,doesnotpreclude（排除）otherinfluenceuponextinctionsuchasphysicaleventslikevolcaniceruptionsorkillerasteroids,orbiologicalinfluencessuchasdiseaseandcompetitionamongspecies.Butwhatitdoesdo,heargues,istoprovideacommonlinkformassextinctioneventsoverasignificantstretchofEarthhistory.

6.Whatdoesthephrase〝thoseenvironment〞refertointhebeginningofthesecondparagraph？

A）Periodicmassextinctions.

B）Flowsofsealevel.

C）Sediment.

D）Oceanenvironments.

7.Accordingtothepassage,mostofthemassextinctionsare

A）well-knowntoscientists

B）adequately-documented

C）well-recordedinthepast540millionyears

D）notwell-recorded

8.1tcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___________.

A）scientistshavefoundoutthecausesofmostmassextinctions

B）theasteroidcrashingintotheEarthispinneddownasthecauseofmostmassextinctions

C）mostmassextinctionsarecausedbyimpactcraterssuchasthevanishingofdinosaurs

D）thecausesofmostmassextinctionsarestillunknowntoscientists

9.Thenewstudyisquiteimpressiveas.

A）itprovidesthecausesofmassextinctions

B）itsuggeststhecausesofmassextinctionsandthechangesofoceanenvironments

C）itexcludesotherinfluencesonextinctions

D）itinvolvesphysicalandbiologicalinfluencesonextinctions

10.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor'

sattitudeis

A）negativeB）criticalC）positiveD）satiric

PassageThree

Themostnoticeabletrendamongtoday'

smediacompaniesisverticalintegration.

—anattempttocontrolseveralrelatedaspectsofthemediabusinessatonce,eachparthelpingtheother.Besidespublishingmagazinesandbooks,TimeWarner,forexample,ownsHomeBoxOffice（HBO）,Warnermoviestudios,variouscableTVsystemsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandCNNaswell.TheJapanesecompanyMatsushitaownsMCARecordsandUniversalStudiosandmanufacturesbroadcastproductionequipment.

Todescribethefinancialstatusoftoday'

smediaisalsototalkaboutacquisitions.Themediaarebuyingandsellingeachotherinunprecedentednumbersandformingmediagroupstopositionthemselvesinthemarketplacetomaintainandincreasetheirprofits.In1986,thefirsttimeabroadcastnetworkhadbeensold,twonetworksweresoldthatyear一ABCandNBC.

Mediaacquisitionshaveskyrocketedsince1980fortworeasons.Thefirstisthatmostbigcorporationstodayarepubliclytradedcompanies,whichmeansthattheirstockistradedononeofthenation'

sstockexchanges.Thismakesacquisitionsrelativelyeasy.

Amediacompanythatwantstobuyapubliclyownedcompanycanbuythatcompany'

sstockwhenthest