微生物题库英文Word文件下载.docx
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■.Winogradsky
■.Woese
4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycan.A
■.chitin壳多糖
■.phospholipid磷脂
■.protein蛋白质
■.glucosamine葡糖胺
5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:
■.Ehrlich
■.Metchnikoff
■.Leewenhoek
■.Lister
6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeaccomplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms.Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibiotic（抗生素）iscreditedto:
■.Fleming
■.Koch
7.Theterm"
antibiotic"
means:
■.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds（霉菌）
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells
8.Thefirstdocumenteduseofavaccine（疫苗）forsmallpox天花wasreportedbytheEnglishphysician:
■.Florey
■.Jenner
9.Activeimmunity（主动免疫）canbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:
B
■.developmentofantibodiesinone'
sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies
sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens（抗原）
■.Flemingdevelopmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'
sownbody
■.developmentofantigensinone'
10.Theprocessofnitrification（硝化作用）bybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts:
A
■.ammoniatonitrateions将氨转化成硝酸盐
■.nitrateionstoammonia将硝酸盐转化成氨
■.N2toammonia将氮气转化成氨
■.ammoniatourea将氨转化成尿素
11.ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvector（病毒载体）isreferredtoas:
■.electroporation电穿孔
■.conjugation接合生殖
■.transformation转化
■.transduction转导
12.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:
■.RNA
■.DNA
■.protein
■.lipid
■FillintheBlank
1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled__eukaryotic_____
2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_____prokaryotic__
3.Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the___archeabacteria____andthe____eubacteria（真细菌）___.
4.___anaerobes（厌氧菌）___areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.
5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:
arecalled___autotrophs_（自养菌）__.
6._photoautotrophs（光能自养生物）_____aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.
7._heterotroph_（异养菌）___requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.
8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas__thermophile_（适温性）___.
9._methanogen_（产甲烷菌）____areorganismsthatproducemethane（甲烷）fromCO2.
10.___halophile_（好盐的）__organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity.
11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:
a._sphericalorcocci_____b._cylindricalorrod_____c.__spirals____d.___irregular__
12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:
___eukaryotic____.
13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof__chitin（壳多糖）_____.
14.Virusesconsistof_nucleicacid_____surroundedbyaproteincoat.
15.Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoning（演绎推理）andobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_hypothesis_（假说）___.
16.Thetheory_spontaneousgeneration______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.（非生命物质）
17.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganisms（活菌）bymoderateheatingiscalled:
_pasteurization__（巴士消毒法）___.
18.Theprocessoftyndallization（间歇灭菌法）usesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor___sterilize（杀菌）____microorganismsfromsolutions.
19.An_antibiotic（抗生素）______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.
20.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas__immunization_____.
21.Whitebloodcellsthatengulf（吞食）foreignparticles（异物颗粒）arereferredtoas_phagocytes___（吞噬细胞）__.
22.Asubstanceinserum（免疫血清）thatcanneutralize（中和）foreignmaterialisreferredtoas__antitoxin_（抗毒素）___or__antibody__（抗体）__.
23.Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled__interfewn____thatinhibitsviralreplication.
24.Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedthattransformationofnonpathogenic（非病原的）topathogenicstrains（致病菌株）ofbacteriacouldbecarriedoutbythetransferof___DNA___.
25.Exchangeofgeneticinformationbydirectcontactisreferredtoas__conjugation____.
26._transformation_（转化）____istheprocessinwhichDNAistransferredfromonebacteriatoanother.
■Matching
l.FrancisBacona.phagocytosis吞噬作用
2.AntonLeeuwenhoekb.antibody抗体
3.PaulEhrlichc.nitrification硝化作用
4.HansGramd.immunization免疫法
5.LouisPasteure.threekingdomclassificationbasedonrRNA
6.RobertKochf.structureofDNA
7.JosephListerg.firstmicroscope第一台显微镜
8.AlexanderFlemingh.conjugationortransduction接合和转导作用
9.EdwardJenneri.differentialstainforbacteria
10.EliMetchnikoffj.interferon干扰素
11.EmilvonBehringk.rabiesvaccine狂犬病疫苗
12.AlickIsaac1.penicillin青霉素
13.SergeiWinogradskym.antiseptic（防腐剂）technique
14.JoshuaLederbergn.establishedthatbacteriacancausedisease
15.WatsonandCricko.magicbullet
16.CarlWoesep.scientificmethod
1.p2.g3.o4.i
5.k6.n7.m8.l
9.d10.a11.b12.j
13.c14.h15.f16.e
Test2:
MethodsforStudyingMicroorganisms
1.Lightmicroscopy（光学显微镜术）isdependentontheinteractionoflightwithonobject.Theabilityoflighttopassthroughanobjectisreferredtoas:
■.transportedlight
■.transmittedlight透射光
■.reflectedlight反射光
■.refractedlight折射光
2.Theresolvingpower（R）（分辨率）ofamicroscopeisdependentonthewavelength（波长）oflight（;
~）andthenumericalaperture（NA）ofthelens.Theformula（公式）forRis:
B
■.R=0.5~.xNA
■.R=0.5;
~/NA
■.R=NA/0.5Jr
■.R=Squarerootof0.5）./NA
？
3.Thegramstain（革兰氏染色）uses~asamordant（媒染剂）tofixtheprimarystain:
■.iodine碘
■.alcohol乙醇
■.acetone丙酮
■.safranin番红
4.Theacid-faststain（抗酸性染色）isusefulintheidentificationofwhichofthefollowingorganisms:
■.Staphylococcusaureus金黄色葡萄球菌
■.Mycoplasmamycoides霉菌样支原体
■.Mycobacteriatuberculosis结核分枝杆菌
■.Moraxellaosloensis奥斯陆摩拉克菌,
5.Botulism（肉毒中毒）isaseriousdiseasethatcandevelopfromtheimpropercookingoffoodcontainingbacterialspores（孢子）.Whichofthefollowinggenera（属）arecapableofproducingspores?
■.Salmonella沙门氏菌属
■.Listeria利斯塔氏菌属
■.Escherichia埃希氏菌属
■.Clostridia梭菌属
6.Whichofthefollowingtypesofmicroscopesutilizeselectronbeams（电子束）tovisualize（使可见）objects?
B
■.Nomarski
■.TEM投射型电子显微镜
■.PCM脉冲
■.Confocal共焦的
7.Amixtureoforganismswasisolatedfromapatientsuspectedofhaving"
StrepThroat."
（脓毒性咽喉炎）Whichtypeofmediawouldyouusetoisolatethesuspectedpathogen（病原体）?
D
■.defined
■.enriched
■.selective
■.differential
8.Sterilization（灭菌）ofmaterialwithanautoclave（高压灭菌锅）utilizessteamtokillmicroorganisms.Thecorrectprocedureforsterilizationwithanautoclaveis:
■.15minat121℃at15lb/in2
■.15minat256℃at15lb/in2
■.15minat121℃at1lb/in2
■.15rainat121℃at30lb/in2
9.Anantibioticwasaddedtoacultureofbacteriatodetermineitseffect.Whatmethodofenumerationwouldyouusetodeterminetheefficacyoftheantibiotic?
B
■.directcount直接计数
■.viablecount活菌数
■.turbidimetriccount浊度计数
■.absorbance吸光度
10.Identificationofmicroorganisms（微生物）canbeaccomplished（完成）byanumberoftechniques.Whichofthefollowingrequiresthegrowthoftheorganism?
■.enzymelinkedassay（含量测定）
■.geneprobe基因探针
■.metabolic代谢
■.fluorescent荧光
1.Amedia（培养基）wherealltheingredients（成分）areknowniscalleda_defined_____media.
2.__aseptic（无菌的）____techniqueisusedtomaintainapureculture（纯培养物）andavoidcontamination.（污染）
3.Sterilizationinstrument（灭菌器械）thatutilizessteamunderpressure:
_autoclave_（高压灭菌锅）_____.
4.A___streak___plateutilizesaloop（接种环）orneedle（接种针）todistributeandisolatecoloniesonacultureplate.（培养皿）
5.__serological（血清学的）____identificationutilizesantibodies（抗体）fornamingofbacterialspecies.
6.Bacteriacanbepreserved（保藏）forlongperiodsoftimebyfreeze-drying（冷冻干燥）or__lyophilization____（冻干保藏法）.
7.Themrbidimetricmethodofcountingbacteriautilizesa_spectrophotometer（分光光度计）_____tomeasuretheamountoflightpassingthroughasolution.
8.Theviableplate（平板细菌计数）countcountslivebacterialcolonies（菌落）intherangeor____30__to__300____.
9.Acountingchamber（计数板）andamicroscope（显微镜）areusedinthe_direct_____countofbacteria.
10.The_geneprobe_（基因探针）____techniqueutilizesalabeled（示踪的）complementarystrandofnucleicacidtoidentifyspecificbacteriainaspecimen.（样本）
■Matching
MatchingI:
l.Primarystainforgramstaina.Negativestain负染色
2.Stainsbacterialcellb.Carbohlfuchsin品红
3.Usedtofixstainc.Crystalviolet结晶紫
4.Decolorize脱色d.Malachitegreen孔雀绿
5.Sporestaine.Safranin番红
6.Acid-faststainf.
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