SQA HND国际实务配送outcome2Word格式.docx

SQA HND国际实务配送outcome2Word格式.docx

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Inthiscase,theseamodelisthecheapest,only£

620,Shippingoflargevolume,lowcost,easilyaccessiblechannelisitsadvantage

Seamodelinthiscasespentfourweeks,sotheshortcomingsoftheseamodelisslow,theriskofsailing,sailingdateisnoteasyandaccurate

Air

1265

253

4hours

Airmodelshavetheadvantageofshorttime,highsafety.Inthismodel,thetransportationtimeonlyfourhours，Itisveryconvenientforcustomers.

Airmodeltoprovidehigh-speedtransport,butalsorequiresahighcost,inthiscasethecostofairmodelis£

1265,higherthanothermodels,sothedisadvantageoftheairmodelishighcost

Rail

1275

51

2days

Railmodelinthecaseof£

51costperpallet,andrailmodelforthetransporttimeadaytwotimes,Freightvolumeislarge

Arailmodelrailwayisnotconvenient,whenthefreightamountislarge,thetotalcostishigh,thetotalcostinthiscaseis£

Directroad

1350

67.5

3days

Directroadtransporttimeisshort,anditisveryconvenient,dailytransport,transportcycleforthreedays，Andtheunitpriceofshortdistancetransportislow.

Directroadfreightvolumeislow,andthecostisrelativelyexpensive,andintheprocessoftransportationvulnerabletonaturalconditions

Multi-mode

1185

47.4

7days18hours

Theadvantageofthismodelisthatthecostofthismodelisrelativelycheap,andhasahighflexibility

Transportcycleforalongtime,inthiscase,thetransportcycleis7days18hours,andthetotalcostisrelativelyexpensive

TheExplanationofData

Sea:

Seatransportrequiresa40footcontainer,andthetotalcostofcarrying25palletsis£

620,andthepriceis£

25percontainer.Socostperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£

620/25=£

24.8.Thetransittimeis7days.

Air:

Becauseoftheneedforaircrafttransport,sothetotalcostof£

1265,sothecostoftransportis£

253,andthepriceis£

1265per5pallets.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£

1265/5=£

253.Thetransittimeis4hours.

Rail:

Railmoderequires40feetofcontainertocarry25pallets,sothetotalcostis£

1275,sothepriceis£

51.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet.Thusthecostperpallet=£

1275/25=£

51.Andthetransittimeis2days.

Directroad:

Aflatbedcontainerlorrycancarry20pallets,sothetotalcostis1350,becausethetransportationtimeis3days,socostperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£

1350/20=£

67.5.

Multi-mode:

FromMilanGlassWorkstoGenoaCalatashouldbethefreightis£

125,inadditiontotheseamodelof£

620and£

295oftherailwaymodel,whichalsoneedtoaddthecostof£

145formCoatbridgeRail-porttoKiribatiBottling,ThusTotalmodecost=£

125+£

620+£

295+£

145=£

1185.Totalpallet=25.Thetotalmodecost=£

1185/25=£

47.4.Thetime=6hours+7days+5hours+7hours=7daysand18hours.thetotalcostequalto£

1185.

Technicalreport2

Initial

Incoterm

Description

EXW

ExWorks（namedplaceofdelivery）

Thesellermakesthegoodsavailableattheirpremises,oratanothernamedplace.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationsontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.

EXWmeansthatabuyerincurstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Eitherthesellerdoesnotloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesnotclearthemforexport,orifthesellerdoesloadthegoods,hedoessoatbuyer'

sriskandcost.

FCA

FreeCarrier（namedplaceofdelivery）

"

FreeCarrier"

meansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplaceorpoint.Ifnoprecisepointisindicatedbythebuyer,thesellermaychoosewithintheplaceorrangestipulatedwherethecarriershalltakethegoodsintohischarge.When,accordingtocommercialpractice,theseller'

sassistanceisrequiredinmakingthecontractwiththecarrier（suchasinrailorairtransport）thesellermayactatthebuyer'

sriskandexpense.

CPT

CarriagePaidTo（namedplaceofdestination）

Carriagepaidto..."

meansthatthesellerpaysthefreightforthecarriageofthegoodstothenameddestination.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrieristransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrier.

CIP

CarriageandInsurancePaidTo（namedplaceofdestination）

“CarriageandInsurancepaidto...”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsthecarriernominatedbyhimbutthesellermustmadditionpaythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenameddestination.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyadditionalcostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.However,inCIPtheselleralsohastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer'

sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.

DAT

DeliveredatTerminal（namedterminalatportorplaceofdestination）

ThisIncotermrequiresthatthesellerdeliversthegoods,unloaded,atthenamedterminal.Thesellercoversallthecostsoftransport（exportfees,carriage,unloadingfrommaincarrieratdestinationportanddestinationportcharges）andassumesallriskuntilarrivalatthedestinationportorterminal.

TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreightinterchange,butmustbeafacilitywiththecapabilitytoreceivetheshipment.

DAP

Deliveredatplace（namedplaceofdestination）

Incoterms2010definesDAPas'

DeliveredatPlace'

-thesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyeronthearrivingmeansoftransportreadyforunloadingatthenamedplaceofdestination.UnderDAPterms,theriskpassesfromsellertobuyerfromthepointofdestinationmentionedinthecontractofdelivery.

DDP

DeliveredDutyPaid（namedplaceofdestination）

Sellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.Thistermisoftenusedinplaceofthenon-Incoterm"

FreeInStore（FIS）"

.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationsonthesellerandminimumobligationsonthebuyer.Noriskorresponsibilityistransferredtothebuyeruntildeliveryofthegoodsatthenamedplaceofdestination.

Incoterm2010

ExportCustomsdeclaration

Carriagetoportofexport

Unloadingoftruckinportofexport

Loadingchargesinportofexport

Carriage（SeaFreight/AirFreight）toportofimport

Unloadingontruckinportofimport

Loadingontruckinportofimport

Carriagetoplaceofdestination

Insurance

ImportCustomsClearance

Importtaxes

Buyer

FAC

Seller

Seller

Technicalreport3

Definitionof

Groupage

Whenthegoodsareintransit,andthegoodsarelessthancontainerload,itcanbethefullcontainerloadgroupagetrafficcargocollectedfromalogisticscompanyatthesupplierandtransportedtothetransshipmentpoints.There,thecargowillbeconsolidatedandtransportedtothecustomer.

Consolidation

Inthetransportofcargoorinthewarehousing,whenpreparingforthetransportofgoods,goodscannotfillacontainer.Thesegoodsandothergoodscanbepackedtogetherintoacontainerload.Whichcansavecost

Circumstanceswhentheycouldbeused

First,whenthecontainerloadingcapacityofdissatisfactioncanbeused.

Second,theuseofthismethodcanhelpthecompanytosavetransportationcosts.

Third,theneedforfastertransportspeed.

Fourth,whenthevolumeoflargecargotransport

Costeffectivepalletload

Aftercalculation,itisconcludedthatthecostofthedirectroadmodelis£

1350,soyoucanget£

108perpallet,aftercalculation,wegetthefinalresultis£

1350/£

108=£

12.sothebestcosteffectivenessis£

12

Explanation:

Summaryfromtheabovecalculation,thetotalcostis£

1350,sothepriceofeachpalletis£

108.sowegetthefinalresultis£

12.

4.0Technicalreport4---Leasttotalcostconcept

RecommendationCharts

RouteA

Mode

Leasttotalcost

Kirriemuir—Coatbridge

Road

145+£

28=£

173

Coatbridge—Southampton

Rail

315+£

15+（2×

12）+£

24.5+£

55=£

433.5

Southampton—portdeMontrealCanada

Sea

1880+£

34=1938.5

PortdeMontrealCanada-Ecossehotelwarehouse

420+（18*2）+32=£

488

Totaltransittime

1+1+10=13days

HireFee

6*（1+1+3+14+10+1+2）=£

192

80*（1+10%）=£

88

Totalcost

173+£

433.5+£

1938.5+£

488+£

192+£

88=£

3313

RouteB

Cost

Kirriemu—Tilbury

505+£

32+（6×

15）

=627

Tilbury—PortdemontrealCanada

2010+£

32+£

34=£

2076

Por