随堂语法点Word文件下载.docx
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4)Yousimplymustreadthisbook.
5)Themachinemustbreakdownatthisbusyhour.
6)Shemustlivenearhere,forshecomestoworkonfooteverymorning.
7)Ican’tfindmybook.Imusthaveleftitathome.
[归纳总结]
◆表允许,意为“可以”,如例1;
◆表可能性,当用于肯定句时,意为“可能会”,如例2.3
◆表示祝愿(用于比较正规场合或书面语中),此时句中谓语一般用动词原形,如例4。
2.should
◆should作为情态动词,通常用来表示责任或义务,译作“应该、应当”,如例1;
◆should也可表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,译为“可能、按理应当”,如例2;
◆should还可表示惊讶、不可思议、难以置信,常译为“竟会、居然”,如例3;
◆should用在虚拟条件状语从句中,表示“万一”,即可能性很小的假设,如例4;
◆shouldhavedone表示“过去本该做某事但实际没有做”,如例5;
◆shouldn’thavedone表示“过去本不该做某事但实际却做了”,如例6。
3.must
◆表示义务或责任,意思是“必须、一定要”,通常用于肯定句及疑问句,如例1;
◆其否定式是mustnot或mustn’t,意思是“不能、一定不要”,语气较强烈,如例2;
◆回答must表“必须”引出的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto,如例3;
◆表示劝告或建议,意思是“应该,得”,如例4;
◆表示与说话人愿望相反,常译成“偏要”,如例5;
◆表推测,暗含有很大的可能性,只用于肯定句,意思是“肯定;
一定”,如例6;
◆musthavedone表示对过去发生事情的肯定猜测,意为“过去肯定做过某事”,如例7。
▓学以致用▓
1.You______takephotoshere.Itisnotallowed.
2.Helookssohappy.He______havepassedtheexam.
3.______allyourdreamscometrue!
4.Theshirt______behand-washed.Don’twashitinthemachine.
5.Mysister______havephonedmethismorning,butsheforgot.
Key:
1.mustn’t2.must3.May4.should5.should
Modalverbs(Ⅱ)
⏹oughtto,haveto,mustn’t,needn’t
1.oughtto
1)Yououghtn’ttomakeprivatephonecallsinworktime.
2)Heoughttobetherebynow.
3)OughtItowritetoapologizetoher?
4)Theyoughttocometomorrow,oughtn’tthey(=shouldn’tthey)?
他们应该明天来,是吗?
2.haveto
1)Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.
2)—MustIfinishthetaskrightnow?
—Yes,youmust./Yes,youhaveto.
(—No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.不,不必。
)
3)Youdon’thavetotellhimaboutit.
4)—Doyouhavetogonow.—Yes,Ido.
3.mustn’t与needn’t
1)Smokingmustnotbeallowedintheoffice.
2)—Mustwehandinourexercisestoday?
(—No,youneedn’t(youdon’thaveto))
3)—Itmustbethatnaughtyboycryingoutside.—Itcan’tbehim,becausehehasgonetoschool.
4)Therearestilloneandahalfhourstogo.Weneedn’tbeinsuchahurry.
1.oughtto
●意为“应当”,一般可与should互换,但oughtto语气更强,且多与责任、义务相关。
如例1.4
●否定是oughtnotto或oughtn’tto。
如例1;
●可以表示猜测。
如例2;
●疑问式是将ought提前。
如例3;
●在变为反意疑问句时,疑问部分用ought或should。
如例4。
●表示一种客观的需要,意思是“不得不”。
如例1;
●否定形式是don’t/doesn’t/didn’thaveto,相当于needn’t。
如例2、3;
●疑问式是在其前面用助动词do/does/did。
3.mustn’t与needn’t
●表禁止。
●用must提问时的否定回答须用needn’t/don’thaveto。
●mustn’t与don’thaveto的意思大不相同,前者表示“禁止”,意思是“一定不能”;
后者表示“没有必要”,意思是“不必”,相当于needn’t。
●must常用于肯定句中表示猜测、推测,意为“一定”;
表示“不可能”时要用can’t。
●need用于否定句和疑问句中意为“必要”。
[学以致用]用以上情态动词的适当形式填空。
1.One_________crossthestreetagainsttheredlight.
2.Hismotherisill,sohe_________takecareofher.
3.—Ihavetostayathomepreparingmylessons.
—Butyou_________.TomorrowisSunday.
4.Mike’sfatherisill,butyou_________tellhim,becauseheistotakeanimportantexamination.
1.oughtnotto/mustn’t2.hasto3.needn’t/don’thaveto4.mustn’t
情态动词小练
(二)
1.Ilivedwithmysisterthissummeranddidn’thavetopayrent.SoI_____savemostofmysalary.
A.wasabletoB.wouldC.couldD.should
2.Ipromisedtogettherebefore5o’clock,butnowthetrafficisstillsoheavy.They_____formeimpatiently.
A.maywaitB.mustbewaitingC.couldwaitD.oughttowait
3.I______her,butInevercould.
A.oughttohelpB.musthelpC.musthavehelpedD.oughttohavehelped
4.TheSmithswenttothecountryfortheweekendasthey______totheoffice.
A.needn’thavegoneB.mustn’tgoC.maynotgoD.didn’thavetogo
5.Myparentsneverremembermytelephonenumber,andtheyalways______lookitup.
A.shouldB.canC.havetoD.must
6.Bobby______meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.
A.shouldn’thavetoldB.shouldtell C.mustn’thavetoldD.couldtell
7.Ifyou______go,atleastwaituntiltherainstops.
A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would
8.You______followmeifIamwrong.
A.mustB.don’thavetoC.wouldn’tD.oughtto
9._____youliketohaveawalkwithusthisevening?
A.CouldB.WillC.WouldD.Can
10.—MrWang,Iwillgoandfetchfourchairsforthemeeting.
—You______fetchfour;
twowilldo.
A.won’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t
Key:
1-5ABDDC6-10ABBCD
GRAMMARGUIDE
宾语从句和表语从句——引导词的异同
1.Ithink(that)youwilllikethepictures.
2.Myauntsaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherdaughter.
3.Iaskedtheteacherwhether/ifweweregoingtothezootomorrow.
4.Theyareworryingaboutwhethertheycangetthereintime.
5.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.
6.Idon’tknowwhyJanewaslateforschoolthismorning.
7.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.
8.Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
9.Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.
10.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
11.Thatiswhathemeant.
12.Theproblemiswhenhewillfinishtheproject.
小结归纳
(一)宾语从句
①that在引导宾语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,且通常可以省略,如句1;
如果含有两个相并列的宾语从句时,那么通常只有第一个连词that可以省略,第二个从句的that一般不能省略,如句2。
②whether和if的意思为“是否”,在一般情况下,二者都可以引导宾语从句,如句3;
但是在介词之后的宾语从句通常只能用whether,如句4;
③可以引导宾语从句的连接代词主要有:
who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever等,如句5;
④可以引导宾语从句的连接副词主要有:
where,when,how,why等,如句6。
(二)表语从句
①that在引导表语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但是通常不省略,如句7;
②通常只能用whether,意为“是否”,如句8。
③连词还可用because,如句9;
也可用asif,如句10。
④代词主要有:
who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever等,副词主要有:
where,when,how,why等如句11.12;
[即学即用]
1.Catherinesaid_______shehadneverbeentoGuangzhou.
2.Thisis_______weshoulddo.
3.Idon’tknow_______theyhavepassedtheexam.
4.Hisfirstquestionwas_______Mr.Smithhadarrivedyet.
5.Whatthepolicewanttoknowis_______youenteredtheroom.
6.Lindasaid_______shemetheroldfriendyesterdaybyaccident.
7.Icanmakemoremoney,youknow.That’s_______Iwantyoutoworkthere.
8.Ihardlyunderstand_______hehastoldme.
9.—Doyouremember_______hecame?
—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.
10.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______itis.
11.LittleTommywasunwillingtotelltheschoolmaster_______hehaddonethedaybefore.
12.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.
1.that/不填2.what3.if/whether4.whether5.when/how6.that/不填
7.why8.what9.how10.who11.what12.whether
主语从句三要点
[寻规找矩]
1.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.
2.Whowillgototheconcertisnotknown.
3.Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.
4.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.
5.Whichbooktheywillchooseisstillunknown.
6.Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.
7.It’sstrangethatheknowsnothingaboutit.
8.Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.
9.ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.
[小结归纳]
(一)语序
主从用陈述“导+主+谓+其他”;
但当连接代词同时充当从句主语时,其结构为“连接代词+谓语+其他成分”,如句1、2。
(二)引导词
①that引导主语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句3;
②whether引导主语从句时意为“是否”,通常不能用if来代替,如句4;
③可以引导主语从句的连接代词主要有:
④可以引导主语从句的连接副词主要有:
(三)常见句型
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,代替主语从句放在句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
常用句型如下:
①It+be+形容词+that如句7;
②It+be+名词+that如句8;
③It+be+动词的过去分词+that如句9。
I.1.______hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterdaywasn’tquiteclear.
2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“Itisourhope______thetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”
3.______teamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.
4.______comestothepartywillreceiveapresent.
5.______Maryhasleftisstillaquestion.
6.It’sreported______threepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerehurtbadly.
7.______hesolvedtheproblemsuccessfullyinterestedallofus.
8.Weusuallythink______wecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.
9.Itisafact______Englishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
10.______istobesenttheretosolvetheproblemhasn’tbeendecided.
II.下列各句中均有一处错误,请改正。
1.Thattheoldman’ssonwantedtoknowwaswherethegoldhadbeenhidden.
2.ItisreportedwhenChinahassuccessfullysentShenzhouVIspaceshipintospace.
3.Ifhecanfinishhistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.
4.Whetherthe2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingexcitedthewholenation.
5.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,whichourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.
6.Whateverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
7.Whytheywillsolvetheseriousproblemtodayhasnotbeendecided.
8.WhenwillwintheEnglishcompetitionisstillaproblem.
9.Howourspringsportsmeetwillbeheldornotthisweekisnotknownyet.
10.It’sstrangewhenheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.
I.1.Why2.that3.Which4.Whoever
5.Whether6.that7.How8.what9.that10.Who
II.1.That→What2.when→that3.If→Whether4.Whether→That