随堂语法点Word文件下载.docx

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随堂语法点Word文件下载.docx

4)Yousimplymustreadthisbook.

5)Themachinemustbreakdownatthisbusyhour.

6)Shemustlivenearhere,forshecomestoworkonfooteverymorning.

7)Ican’tfindmybook.Imusthaveleftitathome.

[归纳总结]

◆表允许,意为“可以”,如例1;

◆表可能性,当用于肯定句时,意为“可能会”,如例2.3

◆表示祝愿(用于比较正规场合或书面语中),此时句中谓语一般用动词原形,如例4。

2.should

◆should作为情态动词,通常用来表示责任或义务,译作“应该、应当”,如例1;

◆should也可表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,译为“可能、按理应当”,如例2;

◆should还可表示惊讶、不可思议、难以置信,常译为“竟会、居然”,如例3;

◆should用在虚拟条件状语从句中,表示“万一”,即可能性很小的假设,如例4;

◆shouldhavedone表示“过去本该做某事但实际没有做”,如例5;

◆shouldn’thavedone表示“过去本不该做某事但实际却做了”,如例6。

3.must

◆表示义务或责任,意思是“必须、一定要”,通常用于肯定句及疑问句,如例1;

◆其否定式是mustnot或mustn’t,意思是“不能、一定不要”,语气较强烈,如例2;

◆回答must表“必须”引出的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto,如例3;

◆表示劝告或建议,意思是“应该,得”,如例4;

◆表示与说话人愿望相反,常译成“偏要”,如例5;

◆表推测,暗含有很大的可能性,只用于肯定句,意思是“肯定;

一定”,如例6;

◆musthavedone表示对过去发生事情的肯定猜测,意为“过去肯定做过某事”,如例7。

▓学以致用▓

1.You______takephotoshere.Itisnotallowed.

2.Helookssohappy.He______havepassedtheexam.

3.______allyourdreamscometrue!

4.Theshirt______behand-washed.Don’twashitinthemachine.

5.Mysister______havephonedmethismorning,butsheforgot.

Key:

1.mustn’t2.must3.May4.should5.should

 

Modalverbs(Ⅱ)

⏹oughtto,haveto,mustn’t,needn’t

1.oughtto

1)Yououghtn’ttomakeprivatephonecallsinworktime.

2)Heoughttobetherebynow.

3)OughtItowritetoapologizetoher?

4)Theyoughttocometomorrow,oughtn’tthey(=shouldn’tthey)?

他们应该明天来,是吗?

2.haveto

1)Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight. 

2)—MustIfinishthetaskrightnow?

—Yes,youmust./Yes,youhaveto.

(—No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.不,不必。

3)Youdon’thavetotellhimaboutit.

4)—Doyouhavetogonow.—Yes,Ido.

3.mustn’t与needn’t

1)Smokingmustnotbeallowedintheoffice.

2)—Mustwehandinourexercisestoday?

(—No,youneedn’t(youdon’thaveto))

3)—Itmustbethatnaughtyboycryingoutside.—Itcan’tbehim,becausehehasgonetoschool.

4)Therearestilloneandahalfhourstogo.Weneedn’tbeinsuchahurry.

1.oughtto

●意为“应当”,一般可与should互换,但oughtto语气更强,且多与责任、义务相关。

如例1.4

●否定是oughtnotto或oughtn’tto。

如例1;

●可以表示猜测。

如例2;

●疑问式是将ought提前。

如例3;

●在变为反意疑问句时,疑问部分用ought或should。

如例4。

●表示一种客观的需要,意思是“不得不”。

如例1;

●否定形式是don’t/doesn’t/didn’thaveto,相当于needn’t。

如例2、3;

●疑问式是在其前面用助动词do/does/did。

3.mustn’t与needn’t

●表禁止。

●用must提问时的否定回答须用needn’t/don’thaveto。

●mustn’t与don’thaveto的意思大不相同,前者表示“禁止”,意思是“一定不能”;

后者表示“没有必要”,意思是“不必”,相当于needn’t。

●must常用于肯定句中表示猜测、推测,意为“一定”;

表示“不可能”时要用can’t。

●need用于否定句和疑问句中意为“必要”。

[学以致用]用以上情态动词的适当形式填空。

1.One_________crossthestreetagainsttheredlight.

2.Hismotherisill,sohe_________takecareofher.

3.—Ihavetostayathomepreparingmylessons.

—Butyou_________.TomorrowisSunday.

4.Mike’sfatherisill,butyou_________tellhim,becauseheistotakeanimportantexamination.

1.oughtnotto/mustn’t2.hasto3.needn’t/don’thaveto4.mustn’t

情态动词小练

(二)

1.Ilivedwithmysisterthissummeranddidn’thavetopayrent.SoI_____savemostofmysalary.

A.wasabletoB.wouldC.couldD.should

2.Ipromisedtogettherebefore5o’clock,butnowthetrafficisstillsoheavy.They_____formeimpatiently.

A.maywaitB.mustbewaitingC.couldwaitD.oughttowait

3.I______her,butInevercould.

A.oughttohelpB.musthelpC.musthavehelpedD.oughttohavehelped

4.TheSmithswenttothecountryfortheweekendasthey______totheoffice.

A.needn’thavegoneB.mustn’tgoC.maynotgoD.didn’thavetogo

5.Myparentsneverremembermytelephonenumber,andtheyalways______lookitup.

A.shouldB.canC.havetoD.must

6.Bobby______meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.

A.shouldn’thavetoldB.shouldtell C.mustn’thavetoldD.couldtell

7.Ifyou______go,atleastwaituntiltherainstops.

A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would

8.You______followmeifIamwrong.

A.mustB.don’thavetoC.wouldn’tD.oughtto

9._____youliketohaveawalkwithusthisevening?

A.CouldB.WillC.WouldD.Can

10.—MrWang,Iwillgoandfetchfourchairsforthemeeting.

—You______fetchfour;

twowilldo.

A.won’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t

Key:

1-5ABDDC6-10ABBCD

GRAMMARGUIDE

宾语从句和表语从句——引导词的异同

1.Ithink(that)youwilllikethepictures.

2.Myauntsaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherdaughter.

3.Iaskedtheteacherwhether/ifweweregoingtothezootomorrow.

4.Theyareworryingaboutwhethertheycangetthereintime.

5.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.

6.Idon’tknowwhyJanewaslateforschoolthismorning.

7.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.

8.Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.

9.Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.

10.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

11.Thatiswhathemeant.

12.Theproblemiswhenhewillfinishtheproject.

小结归纳

(一)宾语从句

①that在引导宾语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,且通常可以省略,如句1;

如果含有两个相并列的宾语从句时,那么通常只有第一个连词that可以省略,第二个从句的that一般不能省略,如句2。

②whether和if的意思为“是否”,在一般情况下,二者都可以引导宾语从句,如句3;

但是在介词之后的宾语从句通常只能用whether,如句4;

③可以引导宾语从句的连接代词主要有:

who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever等,如句5;

④可以引导宾语从句的连接副词主要有:

where,when,how,why等,如句6。

(二)表语从句

①that在引导表语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但是通常不省略,如句7;

②通常只能用whether,意为“是否”,如句8。

③连词还可用because,如句9;

也可用asif,如句10。

④代词主要有:

who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever等,副词主要有:

where,when,how,why等如句11.12;

[即学即用]

1.Catherinesaid_______shehadneverbeentoGuangzhou.

2.Thisis_______weshoulddo.

3.Idon’tknow_______theyhavepassedtheexam.

4.Hisfirstquestionwas_______Mr.Smithhadarrivedyet.

5.Whatthepolicewanttoknowis_______youenteredtheroom.

6.Lindasaid_______shemetheroldfriendyesterdaybyaccident.

7.Icanmakemoremoney,youknow.That’s_______Iwantyoutoworkthere.

8.Ihardlyunderstand_______hehastoldme.

9.—Doyouremember_______hecame?

—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.

10.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______itis.

11.LittleTommywasunwillingtotelltheschoolmaster_______hehaddonethedaybefore.

12.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.

1.that/不填2.what3.if/whether4.whether5.when/how6.that/不填

7.why8.what9.how10.who11.what12.whether

主语从句三要点

[寻规找矩]

1.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.

2.Whowillgototheconcertisnotknown.

3.Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.

4.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.

5.Whichbooktheywillchooseisstillunknown.

6.Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.

7.It’sstrangethatheknowsnothingaboutit.

8.Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.

9.ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.

[小结归纳]

(一)语序

主从用陈述“导+主+谓+其他”;

但当连接代词同时充当从句主语时,其结构为“连接代词+谓语+其他成分”,如句1、2。

(二)引导词

①that引导主语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句3;

②whether引导主语从句时意为“是否”,通常不能用if来代替,如句4;

③可以引导主语从句的连接代词主要有:

④可以引导主语从句的连接副词主要有:

(三)常见句型

有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,代替主语从句放在句首,而把主语从句置于句末。

常用句型如下:

①It+be+形容词+that如句7;

②It+be+名词+that如句8;

③It+be+动词的过去分词+that如句9。

I.1.______hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterdaywasn’tquiteclear.

2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“Itisourhope______thetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”

3.______teamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.

4.______comestothepartywillreceiveapresent.

5.______Maryhasleftisstillaquestion.

6.It’sreported______threepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerehurtbadly.

7.______hesolvedtheproblemsuccessfullyinterestedallofus.

8.Weusuallythink______wecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.

9.Itisafact______Englishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

10.______istobesenttheretosolvetheproblemhasn’tbeendecided.

II.下列各句中均有一处错误,请改正。

1.Thattheoldman’ssonwantedtoknowwaswherethegoldhadbeenhidden.

2.ItisreportedwhenChinahassuccessfullysentShenzhouVIspaceshipintospace.

3.Ifhecanfinishhistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.

4.Whetherthe2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingexcitedthewholenation.

5.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,whichourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.

6.Whateverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.

7.Whytheywillsolvetheseriousproblemtodayhasnotbeendecided.

8.WhenwillwintheEnglishcompetitionisstillaproblem.

9.Howourspringsportsmeetwillbeheldornotthisweekisnotknownyet.

10.It’sstrangewhenheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.

I.1.Why2.that3.Which4.Whoever

5.Whether6.that7.How8.what9.that10.Who

II.1.That→What2.when→that3.If→Whether4.Whether→That

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