高一英语暑假专题三人教实验版知识精讲Word格式.docx
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2.forfearthat,incase与lest。
意思是“以免……”、“万一……”
这些由连词引导的状语从句中谓语动词要用“should+do”,它本身带有否定的含义，相当于sothat…not…,或inorderthat…not…
Theboyhidhimselfincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.
Takeyourraincoatincase/lestitshouldrain.
结果状语从句，常用so…that,such…that或sothat,withtheresultthat等连接。
TheweatherissobadthatIcan’tgoout.
It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustn’tmissit.
Iwasinbath,withtheresultthatIcouldn’thearthephone.
Tomstudiedveryhardsothathepassedtheexam.
1.复习so…that,such…that结构形式
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
so+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句
such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句
such+alotof/lotsof+名词+that从句
1）Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.
2）Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.
3）Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.
4）Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.
2.注意：
sothat和so…that的用法区别
1）sothat和so…that都可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。
当它们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常有can,could,may,might,will,would等情态动词；
而引导结果状语从句时则没有这些情态动词。
从内容上看，结果状语从句的主句和从句有因果关系，主句表原因，从句表结果。
e.g.I’llrunslowlysothatyoucancatchupwithme.
我会慢慢地跑以便你能赶上来。
Iranslowlysothatyoucaughtupwithme.
我跑得慢结果你赶上来了。
Healwaysstudiessohardthathemaymakegreatprogress.
他总是那么努力，这样他才会取得很大的进步。
Healwaysstudiessohardthathemakesgreatprogress.
他总是那么努力，结果他取得很大进步。
比较状语从句主要用于形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句子中。
1.常用as/so…as表示原级比较，用than表示比较状语从句。
Thissuggestionisasgoodasthatone.
Theydidn’tdoso（as）wellasus.
Whattheysawtherewasevenworsethantheyhadexpected.
2.在比较级中，一定要注意比较的对象要一致。
TheweatherinShanghaiishotterthanthatinBeijing.
Thestudentsinmyclassaremorethanthoseinyours.
3.在表示倍数时，可用三种形式
Thisbuildingisoncetallerthanthatone.这栋楼房比那栋高一倍。
Thisbuildingistwiceastallasthatone.这栋楼房是那栋楼房的二倍。
Thisbuildingistwicetheheightofthatone.这栋楼房是那栋楼房的二倍。
地点状语从句，常用where,wherever来引导。
Whereverthereissmoke,thereisafire.
WeshouldgowherethePartyneedsusmost.
Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Putthebookwhereitis.
注意区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句
You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
You’dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.
让步状语从句，表示“虽然”、“尽管”、“即使”等概念。
常用的连词有though,although,evenif,eventhough,when,while,whether,whoever,whatever等。
e.g.ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Icannotplayanyinstrument.
Eventhoughyousayso,weshalldoit.
Althoughitisdifficult,weshalldoit.
Whateverhesays,youdon’tgo.
Youcan’tcomein,whoeveryouare.
Ihavetogotowork,nomatterwhetheritrainsornot.
Patientashewas,hehadnointentionofwaitingthreehours.
（Thoughhewaspatient,hehadnointentionofwaitingthreehours.）
虽然他有耐性，但是他不打算等三个小时。
Whether（=Nomatterwhether）youlikeitornot,you’llhavetodoit.
While（Although）Iadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.虽然我承认这些问题很难，我不认为它们不能解决。
方式状语从句，表示动作的方式，常用的连词有：
as,asif,asthough,theway,等等。
e.g.DoasIsay.
Helooksasifhe’stired.
Doitthewayyouweretaught.
IfeelasifIhaveafever.
Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.
阅读中怎样猜测词义
任何一个实词只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
所谓上下文（context），正如英语词典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。
因此我们可以尽可能利用生词所在的上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们所不熟悉的词的词义。
猜词时注意：
1.要对上下文中已知的部分进行逻辑上的推理。
例如：
Helaughedandshrugged（耸肩）,“Ihavenochoice,”hesaid,“Imustbowunavoidable.”
2.必要时还需进行语法分析，尤其是判断词与词之间的关系。
Therearesomeerroneousanswersonthestudents’testpaper,buttherearenotenoughwronganswerstofailhim.
3.有时还要依靠常识和经验。
Sometimestheearthmovesbetweenthesunandthemoon.Thentheearth’sshadowfallsonthemoon;
nolightfromthesuncanreachthemoon.Themoongetsdarkbecauseitcannotreflectthesun’slight.Wecallthisaneclipseofthemoon.
利用上下文猜测词义的方法有以下几种：
1.根据定义或解释猜测词义。
Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.
Somemyths,whicharethestorieshandeddownfromancienttimesandincludetheearlybeliefsofanation,arewidelyspreadaroundtheworld.
Shehadalesiononherarmthatwouldnotstopbleeding.
2.根据同义、反义、同等、同位关系猜测词义。
Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy（美味）,weChinesepeopleseldomeatanymeatthatisuncooked.
Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely.
有时我们很难猜出某些生词的确切意思，但如果能利用词语之间的同等关系或同位关系即可推知生词的大致含义与义域。
所谓同等关系指的是一组词或短语，通常由并列连词and或or来连接。
因此只要我们能认识其中一个或几个词或短语，就可确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至能推知它的词义。
所谓同位关系包括两个基本成分，即用一部分词、短语或句子进一步说明另一部分指的是谁或是什么。
利用已知部分的含义，便可确定或大体推知另一部分生词的词义。
Noteverycar,bus,jeeporotherkindsofvehiclecanbemadeinthefactory.
Pandas,thebear-likeanimal,liveonlyinChina.
3.根据因果关系猜测词义。
Thenoisewassofaintthatitwasimpossibletobesurewhatitwasorevenwhereitcamefrom.
Shecan’tplaytennisnowbecauseshecan’tfindherwhitesneakers.
【模拟试题】
一.根据所学的猜测方法，判断下面句子中划线单词的词义。
1.Welikeournewhousebecauseithasafewelmsinthebackyardthatwillgiveusshadeandkeepthehousecooler.
A.akindoftreeB.akindofplantC.akindofbuilding
2.Hehadbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.
A.getworseB.improvedC.wasrecorded
3.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairbecauseitwastoolong.
A.washB.cutC.doup
4.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;
ifyoudissent,write“no”.
A.quarrelB.persuadeC.disagree
5.Sabots,orwoodenshoes,arefrequentlywornbythefieldworkersinBelgiumandFrance.
A.clothesB.capsC.shoes
6.HavesomesherrieswithyourChristmas----themostfamouswinefromSpain.
A.akindofbirdB.akindoffruitC.akindofwine
二.单项选择
1.Shepretended______nothinghadhappened.
A.asB.ifC.asthoughD.since
2.Theywentondoingtheirexperiment_______theyhadfailedmanytimes.
A.unlessB.untilC.thoughD.aslongas
3.Afterthewaranewschoolbuildingwasputup_______thereoncewasatheatre.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
4._______howhardIpushed,thedoorstayedclosed.
A.EvenifB.SinceC.ThoughD.Nomatter
5.Dark_______itwas,wecontinuedourway.
A.becauseB.sinceC.asD.that
6._______wemadeprogressinourstudies,weshouldnotbeproud.
A.IfB.BecauseC.SolongasD.Evenif
7.Puttheumbrella_______youtookit.
A.whenB.asC.afterD.where
8.Hemade_______firethattheroomwasquitewarm.
A.sobigB.suchbigC.sobigaD.suchbiga
9.Ifyou_______it,Iwilllendthenoveltoyou.
A.readingB.didreadC.havereadD.wanttoread
10.Letherdothat,ifshe______.
A.doesB.isC.willD.willdo
三.阅读理解
PineTree
Thepinetreeisaspecialkindoftree.SomepeoplecallthepinetreeaChristmastree.ThisisbecausemanypeopleputpinetreesintheirhomesatChristmastime.Theydecorate（装饰）thetreewithcolouredlights,andputChristmaspresentsunderthetree.
Pinetreesaredifferentfromothertreesbecausemostothertreeslosetheirleavesinthewinter.Pinetreesstaygreenallyearlong,eveninthewinter.Pinetreesarealsocalledevergreensbecausetheyarealwaysgreen.
Pinetreesdonothavesoftleaveslikethemapletree.Theyhavehard,thinleavescalledneedles.Pinetreesalsohavepinecones.Pineconeslooklikehardberries.Ifyouwalkinaforest,youwillseemanypineconesontheground.Insidethepineconesareseeds.Whentheseedsfalltotheground,anewtreestartstogrow.
Pinetreesarevaluableformanyreasons.Thewoodisusedtomakefurnitureandboats.Manykindsofbirdsbuildtheirnestsinpinetrees.Theseedsofpinetreesarefoodforsmallanimalssuchassquirrelsandmiceandforbiggeranimalssuchasrabbitsandblackbears.Theneedlesaregoodfoodforlargeanimalssuchasdeerandmoosewhentheycannotfindanythingtoeatinthewinter.
Ifyouwalkinaforestofpinetrees,theairhasawonderfulsmell.Inwinter,thewhitesnowonthedarkgreentreeslooksverybeautiful.
1.Apinetreeisalsocalled_____.
A.aChristmastreeB.amapletreeC.agreentreeD.abeautifultree
2.PinetreesareDIFFERENTfrommostothertreesbecause_____.
A.theyhavesoftleavesB.theyaregreenallyearlong
C.theyhavebeautifulseedsD.theylosetheirleavesinwinter
3.Whatisinsideapinecone?
A.Needles.B.Hardberries.C.Seeds.D.Mapleleaves.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonthatpinetreesarevaluable?
A.Theseedsandneedlesarefoodformanyanimals.
B.Thewoodisusedtomakefurnitureandboats.
C.Manybirdsbuildtheirnestsinpinetrees.
D.Thepineconesfalltotheground.
试题答案
一.猜测词义：
AABCCC
二.单项选择：
CCDDCDDCDC
三.阅读理解：
ABCD
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