四级阅读与作文高效练习Word下载.docx
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四、被动句----基本结构AisdonebyB
五、倒装句----否定词hardly,rarely,seldom,never,notuntil,notonly引起句子倒装
六、省略句----e.g.Heisagoodman,soamI.
建议采用的阅读方法:
一、扫描题干,大致了解题目类型及分布,将其中细节题题干关键词划出。
二、速读原文,遇到题干关键词或其同义词时做适当标记;
关注考试原则句。
考试原则句:
重要句(各段首句,文章末句,结论、解释句),转折句,条件句,因果关系句,复合句等难句(多重复合、多重并列、强调句、倒装句),时间,数字,人名,比较。
三、定位答案,正确选项为文章对应语句的同义改写。
题型攻略:
一、主题题(mainidea/mainly/mainlydiscuss/mainlyconcerned/central/primary)
两种变体:
1.写作目的题型purposeofwriting
2.文章标题题型thebesttitle
做题方法:
1.找主题句
2.找主体词(通常在文章中出现频率较高,往往会在第一段出现,且带有概括性的词语)
二、细节题类型:
1.对错题2.例证题3.一般细节题
准确定位
三、词汇题
类型:
1.指代题2.词义题
1.根据上下文关系
2.构词法(词根词缀)
st(位置不变):
stay--stand--stationary--street--star--statue--status
pose(放置):
position-expose(ex向外:
exit-export)
propose(pro向前)
suppose(sup/sub在下面:
subway--submarine)
depose(de否定)
deposit(de向下)
interpose(inter:
internet,international)
背单词方法
1.词根词缀2.阅读记忆
3.联想记忆如:
handsome(其中:
h很,s帅,m嘛→英俊的)
morose(mo没有,rose玫瑰→郁闷的)
ancillary(an+cillary希拉里→辅助的)
四、推理题(infer-imply-suggest-indicate-conclude)
正确答案特点:
文章对应内容的同义改写
五、作者态度题(attitude-beseenas)
1.找作者直接评价语句
2.找表达感情色彩的形容词、动词、副词
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
21.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly_________.
A)foroceanographicstudies
B)formilitarypurposes
C)forbusinessconsiderations
D)forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans
22.Itwas________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.
A)theAmericanNavy
B)someearlyintercontinentaltravellers
C)thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea
D)thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable
23.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas__________.
A)tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceans
B)tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals
C)toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemade
D)tomeasurethedepthsoftwooceans
24.'
Defied'
inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________
A)'
doubted'
B)'
gaveproofto'
C)'
challenged'
D)'
agreedto'
25.Thispassageismainlyabout_________
A)thebeginningsofoceanography
B)thelayingofthefirstunderseacable
C)theinvestigationofoceandepths
D)theearlyintercontinentalcommunications
Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas'
Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea'
.
注:
1.Oceanography由Ocean(海洋)和graphy(学科)组成,意为“海洋学”
2.application表示“申请”用介词for,表示“应用”用介词to
3.第一句给某个东西下定义,称为篇章定义,必为文章主题
Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctant(不愿意)togotoseatofurtherhiswork.
1.第二段:
在十九世纪之前,对海洋感兴趣的科学家很少,可以推断本文根据时间顺序来描述海洋学发展的过程
2.further跟在to后面是个动词,表示“推进”
Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion'
Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?
'
hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofile(起伏形状)oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.
注:
1.remote遥远的
2.andwith...多重复合句
3.intercontinental洲际的(Inter在之间,continent大洲)
4.letalone更不用说……
5.firsttime由不感兴趣转折到感兴趣,谓语是was
6.第二句that引导同位语从句,when引导表语从句,整句意思为“当有人基于商业目的建议在美国和欧洲之间铺设电报电缆的时候,人们才提出问题:
海底是什么?
”
7.route路线router路由器
ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings(测深)weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.
1.itwas...that...强调句型
2.turntosb.forsth.向某人请教某事
3.出现问题中划线词:
Maury,1840s
3.investigate调查,测量
Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.
1.notuntil引导的句子要倒装
2.livinggrowth生物
3.afact作同位语
4.contemporary当代的
5.defy前后意思相反,可以推出24题答案为C
词汇题。
定位倒数第二段
Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition(考察),whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.
oceanography最末一段与第一段首句都出现oceanagraphy,回环结构。
推理题。
定位第三段,倒数第三行。
选项D的内容出现在第四段,为窜段选项
细节题。
定位第四段,选项B和C是窜段选项
1.细节题。
定位第四段,第二行。
2.B和C是窜段选项,A选项中的sound和文章中的sounding含义不同。
定位倒数第二段,defy前后意思相反,可以推出24题答案为C
主题题。
主题关键词为oceanography
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
1.Whattheauthordiscussedintheprevioussectionismostprobablyabout____.
A)relationshipsbetweencausesandresults
B)classificationofreasoning
C)someothercommontypesofreasoning
D)somespecialtypeofreasoning
2.Accordingtothepassage,todothe"
effecttoeffect"
reasoningistoreason____.
A)fromcausetoeffect
B)fromeffecttocause
C)fromeffecttoeffectandontocause
D)fromeffecttocauseandontoanothereffect
3.Anecessarycauseis____.
A)onewithoutwhichitisimpossiblefortheeffecttooccur
B)oneofthecausesthatcanproducetheeffect
C)onethatisenoughtomaketheeffectoccur
D)noneofthem
4.Yourrefrigeratorisnotworkingandyouhavefoundthattheelectricpowerhasbeencutoff.
Thepowerfailureisa____.
A)necessarycauseB)sufficientcause
C)contributorycauseD)noneofthem
5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses____.
A)causalreasoningB)classificationofcause
C)varioustypesofreasoningD)thecausalprocess
Anothercommontypeofreasoningisthesearchforcausesandresults.Wewanttoknowwhethercigarettesreallydocauselungcancer,whatcausemalnutrition(营养不良),thedecayofcities,orthedecayofteeth.Weareequallyinterestedineffects:
whatistheeffectofsulphurorleadintheatmosphere,ofoilspillsandrawsewage(污水、污物)inriversandthesea,ofstayinguplateonthenightbeforeanexamination?
1.reasoning推理
2.第一句Another...下结论,是主题句
3.第二、三句Wewantto...anexamination?
是举例,可以略读
4.malnutrition中“mal”是表示“不好”的前缀;
overnutrition营养过剩
Causalreasoningmaygofromcausetoeffectorfromeffecttocause.Eitherway,wereasonfromwhatweknowtowhatwewanttofindout.Sometimeswereasonfromaneffecttoacauseandthenontoanothereffect.Thus,if