快速语法小册子Word下载.docx
《快速语法小册子Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《快速语法小册子Word下载.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
介词+短语、副词
2什么是主语？
人或物
短语
3什么是谓语？
动词
Be动词、实义动词
4什么是冠词？
A/an/the
A/an/the
5什么是数词？
1、2、3、4、5……
6什么是副词？
……地
quickly
7什么是形词？
……的
beautiful
8什么是名词？
名词
9什么是补语？
对名词补充说明
10什么是非语？
句子里的第二个动词
Todo、doing
11什么是短语？
冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词
Averybeautifuldog
12什么是介词短语？
介词+短语
ataverysmallhome
介词积累表（45个）:
空白处自己填上
At
在...
for
对于；
为了
towards
朝向
against
与...相反
in
在..
to
without
没有
into
进入
on
在.之上
of
的
within
在..之内
with
伴随
upon
by
behind
since
up
along
except
until
from
down
under
after
off
above
below
before
about
over
between
among
as
away
through
across
than
比
举例子
Luozhixiangisabigbasketballfanandheisthetallestinourclassroom
Atschool,therearelotsofchildrenplayingbasketball.
sunyixingisn’tgoodatsoccer
Sunhongleigoestoschoolbybus
Zhangyishanvisitedthemuseumwithme
句子正常顺序（陈述句）
状语，主语+谓语+冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词+补语+状语+非谓语...+状语
时间人动词a/an/the..地..的人补充时间
地点物1/2/3/4...物地点
介+介+
Ihaveaverybeautifuldogathome
Igaveherflowers
Athome,Ihaveacat
Pandasareveryquiet
Mydadhasthreecellphones
Tomorrow,Iwillgohishome
备注：
1、蓝体字中的“介”为“介词”；
2、为短语，即冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词；
3、名词分为宾语和表语；
当谓语是Be动词时，名词为表语，当谓语是实义动词时，名词为宾语。
4、非谓语和谓语后面所连接句子成分一样，均为：
冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词+补语+状语；
5、除了谓语必不可少以外，其他成分可增可减。
如：
Ihaveaverybeautifuldog.
Ihaveadog.
八种时态
主动否定主动否定
be（am/is/are）（am/is/are）+notbe（was/were）（was/were）+not
一般现在时实（play,plays）don’t/doesn’t+play一般过去时实（played）didn’tplay
willbe（不变）wouldbe（不变）
一般将来时willplay过去将来时wouldplay
am
现在进行时is+playing过去进行时was+playing
arewere
现在完成时have+been过去完成时had+been
hasplayedplayed
主动被动主动被动
be（am/is/are）ambe（was/were）was
一般现在时实（play,plays）is+played一般过去时实（played）were+played
are
willbe（不变）wouldbe（不变）
一般将来时willplaywillbeplayed过去将来时wouldplaywouldbeplayed
amam
现在进行时is+playingisbeingplayed过去进行时was+playingwasbeingplayed
arearewerewere
现在完成时have+beenhave+been+played过去完成时had+beenhadbeenplayed
hasplayedhasplayed
情态动词用法
状语，主语+谓语+冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词+补语+状语+非谓语.....
must/haveto
状语，主语+can/could+be（不变）+冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词.....
may/mightplay（不变）
shall/should
dare/need
must
状语，主语+can/could+beplaying+冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词.....
may/might
should
状语，主语+can/could+haveplayed+冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词.....
need
句子叠加
（1）状语，主语+谓语+冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词+补语+状语+非谓语...+状语
把
（1）看作是一个整体那么，并列句结构为：
（1）+and+
（1）
but
Or
例子：
luozhixiangdoesn’tlikepigsbutpandas
Songjiangmaybeplayingbaseballorwatchingmovies
when
把
（1）看作是一个整体复合句第一种结构为
（1）+if+
（1）
how
that
IwillbuyacomputerifIhave5000yuan
IboughtabicyclewhenIwas12yearsold
IthinkthatIwillgotoAmericaoneday
Hedoesn’tknowhowhissisterfinishesthetask
When
把
（1）看作是一个整体复合句第二种结构为If+
（1）,
（1）
How
ifIhave5000yuan,Iwillbuyacomputer
WhenIwas12yearsold,IboughtabicyclefromShanghai
一般疑问句顺序
一般现在时一般过去时
Am
Is+主语+冠词/数词+副词was+主语+冠词/数词+副词
Arewere
Do+主语+动词原形+冠词/数词+副词did+主语+动词原形+冠词/数词
Does
一般将来时过去将来时
will+主语+be（原形）+冠词..would+主语+be（原形）+冠词...
实（原形）实（原形）
现在进行时过去进行时
am
Is+主语+playing+冠词/数词+副词was+主语+playing+冠词
Arewere
现在完成时过去完成时
Havebeenbeen
Has+主语+played+冠词/数词+副词Had+主语+played+冠词/数词+词
（空白处自己填）
Isheagoodstudentwasheagoodstudent
DoyouhaveagunDidhehaveagun
Willhebeagoodstudentwouldheagoodstudent
Willyouhelpmewouldyouhelpme
情态动词的一般疑问句
Must
Can/Could+主语+be（不变）+冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词.....
May/Mightplay（不变）
Shall/Should
Canyoudrinkthreebottlesofbeers
特殊疑问句顺序
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句=特殊疑问句
↓
Howmany
Howmuch
Wh-开头+一般疑问句=特殊疑问句
How
Wh-开头+名词
例子:
Howmanystudentsdoyouhave?
Howmuchmoneydoeshehave
Whatcanhisbrotherdo
Howdoyouknowthisfactwithoutnotice
Whatproblemdidyouhaveinyourclassroom
Whichtopichavealreadybeenverypopularontheinternet
自己造句
谓语和非谓语的关系
状语，主语+谓语+冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词+补语+状语+非谓语..+状语
15词
（1）see、watch、lookat、observe、noticedo
（2）Keep、find、catch、leavedoing
（3）Make、let、havedone
（4）Hear、listento
（5）Feel
23词
Spend/enjoy/mind/consider/avoid/imagine/risk/appreciate/Finish/
fancy/practice/start/begin/worth/escape/forbid/delay/can’thelpdoing
Suggest/advise/allow/permit/admit/
7词
Forget/remember
Try/regrettodo
Meandoing
Like/love
特例积累处
hadbetterdo
help
举例子：
IsawhimkillObama
Isawhimplayingcomputergames
Isawhimkilledbyaknife
Hismotherkeephimwritingthehomework
Hismotherkeepamusinghim
Hismotherkeephimamused
Yaomingmakemewashhisclothes
Letusswimtogether
动名词作主语
Playingisveryinteresting
Playingfootballisquiterelaxing
WatchingTVathomeisreallywonderful
UnderstandingwhatIyouneedisreallyimportantbeforeyougraduatefromtheuniversity.
祈使句（知道对方是谁，可以省略主语）
Followme.Iwillshowyoutheway.省略了You
Listen!
Igotagoodnewstoshare
A:
JackIdon’thaveenoughmoneytoaffordtheapartment.
B:
don’tworry.Cometomyhome,soyoucansave
副词三功能（副词放置的位置）
Be+advadv
状语，主语+谓语+冠词/数词+副词+形容词+名词+补语+状语
Adv+实
very
Tomorrowrather
Todayquite
Sometimesisoften
arealways
oftenplay
neverplay
Heoftenplaysbasketball
sometimesIwillbuyspeciallyinterestingthingsformyson
副词修饰非谓语
例子Iwanttorunquickly
Idon’tknowhowtofinishthetask
定语表语
宾语
连词
What
whether
who
whom
which
whose
when
where
why
how
形容词
副词
定语从句that
连词和名词
其他从句that
状语--状语从句（状语位置用一个句子写）
WhenIwassevenyearsold,Icouldridethebicycle
IcouldridethebicyclewhenIwassevenyearsold
主语--主语从句（主语位置用一个句子写）
Whatyoucandoisreallyimportanttome
Itisreallyimportanttomethatyoucandosomething
表语--表语从句（表语位置用一个句子写）
Theproblemiswhatyoucando
TheproblemisthatIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuyfood
宾语--宾语
从句（宾语位置用一个句子写）
Ithinkthatliudehuaisaprettygoodsinger
Iwonderwhetherliuxiangwillinvitemetohishomeornot
Idon’tknowwhatIcando
Jamesdoesn’tknowwherehecanplay
双宾语从句
Hetellmethatliudehuaisaprettygoodsinger
介词宾语从句
Ihaveadifferentideafromwhathesaid
下划线共用
Ithinkthatliudehuaisaprettygoodsingerandthatchenlongisagreatactor
形容词--定语--定语从句（定语位置用一个句子写，有形容词的地方就可以用句子替换）
人（who、whom、that）逗号隔开不用that
补后面句子主语或名词物（which、that）补宾语可省略、介词不加that
补后面句子形容词（whose）
补后面句子副词（when、where、why、how）
例子：
Iknowthestudentwhohaslonghair
Iknowthestudents,someofwhomcomefromJapan
Iknowthestudentswho/thatcomefromJapan
Iknowthestudentwhoseteacherjustarrangedalotofhomeworkforhim
Iwenttotheparkwhichhasfivelakes
IwenttotheparkwhereIfoundabeautifulbee
补语--补语从句（即同位语从句）=（补语位置用一个句子写）
IhaveagoodnewsthatIwillvisitShanghainextweek
特例分析:
idon’tknowwhattodo
高级复合句分析（长难句）
句子成分分析步骤（句号为中心--连词--谓语--介词）
SantaCanComebeforeChristmas
ItwaslastJune.Iwentintoasupermarkettopicksomevegetables，whenayoungmanaskedme，“Canyoutellmewherethemilkcounter（柜台）is?
”
“Well，themilkisinthelowerrightcorner，”Ireplied.
AfterIpickedupmythings，IcametothemilkcounterwhereImetthesamemanwhoheldalmost10bottlesofmilk.
Iasked，“Doyouneedabasketoratrolley？
”
“Sure，thankyou.”heanswered.
Iwassurprisedthathewasstillpickingmorebottlesandafterafewminuteshistrolleyhad24bottlesofmilk.
Ilaughedandasked,”Whysomanybottles?
Hesmiledandsaid,”Theseareformystreetdogs.Today,IwanttobeaSantaforthem.”
Isaid,”Well,it`stooearlyforyoutobeaSanta,ItisstillJuneandChristmascomesinDecember.”Heturnedatmeandwalkedafewsteps,asifhewantedtosaysomethingbutheleftthecounterwithoutsayinganything.Suddenly,wemetagainatthebreadcounter.
“Sothesebreadandcakesarealsoforthestreetdogs,Mr.Santa.”
Hesmiledandsaid,”Yes,ThesearealsoforthedogsandIlovetobeMr.SantainthemonthofJune,Santaisarepresentation（象征）ofsurprisesandlove.SantacomesinDecemberasweexpecthimaroundChristmas.Butinreallifethere
升级会员 