全国职称英语理工类B级考试真题及答案Word文件下载.docx

全国职称英语理工类B级考试真题及答案Word文件下载.docx

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question

C　talk 

debate

3　Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.

A　stated 

announced

C　demanded 

suggested

4　Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

A　livedon 

dependedon

C　believedin 

joinedin

5　ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksarecord.

A　beats 

maintains

C　matches 

tries

6　Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.

A　happy 

healthy

C　naughty 

busy

7　Thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibitedonthesecondfloor.

A　laid 

displayed

C　kept 

stored

8　Shestoodthere，shakingwithfury.

A　misery 

laughter

C　anger 

cry

9　Maryevidentlyisthemostdiligentstudentamongus

A　intelligent 

beautiful

C　talkative 

hardworking

10PersistentattemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless.

A 

Forceful 

B　Reasonable

C 

Continuous 

D　Firm

11Whycan'

tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining？

A　everlasting 

long

C　temporary 

boring

12Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

A　shaken 

damaged

C　fallen 

jumped

13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

A　faithful 

royal

C　genuine 

sincere

14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

A　attraction 

simplicity

C　power 

rigor

15Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle

A　mist 

fog

C　mystery 

secret

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；

如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳），orcarbon-14，dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.

Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon，calledcarbon-12，hassixprotons（中子）andsixneutrons（质子）initsnucleus.Carbon-14，orC-14，isaradioactive，unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）。

Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰减）。

Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.

InLibby'

sradiocarbondatingtechnique，theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.hedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'

satmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14，orN-14，

interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射线）。

ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed，themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently，C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50，000years.

AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14

atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（组织）。

Onceanorganism（有机体）diesittopstakingincarboninanyform，andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases，andtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating，thefewerC-14atomsinasample，theolderthatsampleis.

16　Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

Right 

B　Wrong 

Notmentioned

17　Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

18　Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

19　Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon

20　Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50，000years.

21　TheC-14inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies

22　Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25，000years.

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Chimpanzees

1　　Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）。

Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy 

（悲剧）。

Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.

2　　In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse，usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact，chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically，chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）。

Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

3　　Thechimpanzees'

trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular，chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4　　Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV，thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5　　Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans，scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

23　Paragraph1

24　Paragraph2

25　Paragraph3

26　Paragraph4

A　ReasonsforHIVresistance

B　Implicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

C　EffectiveAIDStreatment

D　Geneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

E　Chimps'

resistancetoHIV

F　Geneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans

27　Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect

28　Thereisadifferenceof　lessthan2%betweenthechimpand

29　Scientistssuspectthatgenes.PlaYasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting

30　Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto

A　somehumandiseasetreatments

B　somediseases

C　humansurvival

D　humangenomes

E　keyareas

F　healthierlifestyle

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Water

Thesecondmostimportantconstituent（构成成份）ofthebiosphere（生物圈）isliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures，sincewaterfreezesat0℃andboilsat100℃。

Lifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.

Theearth'

ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately，butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometers.Mostofitisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans-about97percent.Therest

isfresh，butthree-quartersofthisisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains，andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfractionalwhichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthewhole，thereis10-20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoatiny，butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervaporintheatmosphere.

Watervaporintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewater

circulation（循环）ofthebiospherehastopass.Waterevaporated（蒸发）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans，fromlakesandriversandfrommoist（潮湿的）earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow，fallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereis，asmightbeexpected，amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheland，butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthanovertheoceans，andthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers.

31　Liquidwateronlyexists

A　inthecenteroftheearth.

B　onthesurfaceof